Osteomyelitis

I-Osteomyelitis yisifo esingavamile kodwa esibucayi sethambo. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukulimala okungapheli kwamathambo nezinye izinkinga ezinzima. Ukutheleleka kungabangelwa amagciwane asakazeka egazini noma ekulimaleni okuvulekile. Uma kungelashwa kahle, kungaholela ebuhlungu obungapheli, ukuncipha kokuhamba, ngisho nokulahlekelwa amathambo.

Iyini i-Osteomyelitis (i-Bone Infection)?

I-Osteomyelitis ukutheleleka kwethambo okwenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya noma isikhunta esisakazekela emathanjeni. Kungathinta noma yiliphi ithambo emzimbeni futhi kungenzeka kunoma ubani. Izingane zingase zibe ne-osteomyelitis ngenxa yenxeba noma ukuphuka emilenzeni noma ezingalweni zabo. Abantu abadala bavame ukukuhlakulela emathanjeni e-hip noma ama-vertebrae omgogodla. 

I-Osteomyelitis ingabonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nemithelela yayo.

Izinhlobo ze-Osteomyelitis (Ukutheleleka Kwamathambo)

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokutheleleka kwethambo, i-osteomyelitis, izifo:

• I-Acute Osteomyelitis: I-acute osteomyelitis uhlobo lokutheleleka kwethambo okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ukutheleleka sekusakazekele emathanjeni. Iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sokutheleleka ngamathambo.
• I-Chronic Osteomyelitis: Ukutheleleka kwethambo okungamahlalakhona kwenzeka lapho ukutheleleka kwangaphambilini okungazange kwelapheke ngokuphelele kubuya noma kuphinde kwenzeke ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni kamuva. Kodwa-ke, kungavinjelwa ngokuthatha ama-antibiotic afanele kanye nemithi kadokotela lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka okokuqala.
• I-Vertebral Osteomyelitis: Lolu hlobo lwe-osteomyelitis luthinta ama-vertebrae emgogodleni.

Yiziphi Izimpawu ze-Osteomyelitis?

Izimpawu ze-Osteomyelitis zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lokutheleleka kwethambo oluthuthukile noma ukuthi yimaphi amathambo athintekile. Ubuhlungu bethambo ngokuvamile bungenye yezimpawu ezivelele kakhulu ze-osteomyelitis. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka kwethambo zingabandakanya okulandelayo:

• Fever
• Ukuzizwa ungaphathekile kahle
• Ama-Chills
• Ukuphoqa 
• I-nausea nokuhlanza 
• Ukuvuvuka noma ukuvuvukala 
• Ukushintsha umbala wesikhumba 
• Ubovu noma ukuphuma endaweni yenxeba noma indawo yokuhlinzwa
• Umuzwa wokushisa noma ukufudumala esikhumbeni 

Umuntu ohlushwa i-vertebral osteomyelitis ngokuvamile uzwa ubuhlungu obuphansi emuva ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezingenhla. Kwezinye izimo, abantu abane-osteomyelitis engapheli bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu. 

Izinkinga ze-Osteomyelitis

I-Osteomyelitis ibangelwa ukutheleleka okusakazeka emathanjeni. Lokhu kuvame ukuba umphumela wokutheleleka okwenzeka phezu kwesikhumba, njengesilonda noma indawo yokuhlinzwa, engena egazini. Lapho amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka efika egazini, angasakazekela ku- umkantsha. 

Izingozi ze-Osteomyelitis 

I-Osteomyelitis, noma isifo sokutheleleka ngamathambo, singenzeka kunoma ubani, kodwa abantu abathile bangase babe nokuthambekela kwalolu hlobo lokutheleleka. Lezi zici zobungozi zingafaka:

• Ukuba ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 
• Ukuba nesilonda esivulekile ngemva kokulimala noma ukuhlukumezeka 
• Ukuba nokulimala kwengcindezi (bedsores)
• Ibhekene nokulimala kokubhoboza 
• Usanda kuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi i-arthroplasty noma ezinye izinqubo lapho odokotela abahlinzayo bafaka izingcezu emzimbeni, okuhlanganisa izikhonkwane nezikulufu ukuze kulungiswe ukuphuka kwamathambo.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo noma abadinga ukwelashwa okwenza buthaka isimiso sabo somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-osteomyelitis. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa:

• I-Sickle cell anemia 
• Diabetes
• Abantu abadinga i-hemodialysis 
• Abantu abathatha ama-immunosuppressants

Yiziphi Izinkinga Ezihlobene Ne-Osteomyelitis?

Abantu abane-osteomyelitis bangase babe nezinkinga ezithile, ezingabandakanya:

• Amathumba: Ukutheleleka kwamathambo esikhumbeni kungase kubangele ukuthi amaphakethe agcwele ubomvu aqhume futhi abhoboze esikhumbeni. 
• I-Osteonecrosis: I-Osteonecrosis noma ukufa kwethambo kungase kwenzeke uma ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwegciwane kunqamula ukugeleza kwegazi ethanjeni. Nakuba kungavamile, kungase kudinge ukunqunywa kwesitho. 
• Ukukhula kancane: Ukukhula kwe-osteomyelitis ezinganeni kungabangela ukuthi amathambo azo akhule kancane futhi akhule kancane kunokujwayelekile.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Osteomyelitis 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-osteomyelitis kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ngudokotela kanye nokuhlolwa okuthile futhi kuqoqwe ulwazi mayelana nokuqala kanye nohlu lwezimpawu ezitholakalayo. Abantu abafuna ukuxilongwa kwe-osteomyelitis kufanele bazise udokotela wabo mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukulimala kwakamuva noma ukuhlinzwa okungenzeka ukuthi bakwenzile noma noma yikuphi ukwelashwa okusha okungenzeka ukuthi bakuqalile.

Phakathi kohlu lokuhlola, okulandelayo kungase kunconywe ukuxilonga i-osteomyelitis:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• X-ray
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan 
• Icwecwe le-computer tomography (CT)
• ultrasound
• Ukuskena kweBone
• I-bone yomnkantsha i-biopsy

Ukwelashwa kwe-Osteomyelitis

Umgomo wokwelashwa kwezifo zamathambo uwukuqeda ukutheleleka nokuvimbela ukulimala kwamathambo unomphela. Ngakho-ke, ekwelapheni i-osteomyelitis, udokotela wamathambo angancoma isethi yokwelashwa elandelayo:

• Ama-antibiotics: Ama-antibiotic asiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwamagciwane. Anganikezwa ngendlela yamaphilisi omlomo noma ngomjovo.
• Ama-Antifungal: Imithi ye-Antifungal isiza ukubhubhisa nokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwesikhunta. Imithi ye-Antifungal ingathathwa ngomlomo izinyanga ezimbalwa, njengoba kunqunyiwe.
• Izidakamizwa ezidambisa izinhlungu ngaphandle kwekhawunta: Imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawunta noma ama-NSAID asiza ukudambisa izinhlungu nokuvuvukala. Kungcono ukuthatha imithi kadokotela ye-OTC ye-osteomyelitis.
• I-needle aspiration: Kunoma ibuphi ubomvu noma amathumba okungenzeka avela, udokotela ohlinzayo angase adinge ukukhipha ubomvu noma uketshezi esebenzisa inaliti.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukwelashwa kwe-osteomyelitis, ukuhlinzwa kunconywa njengendlela yokukhetha uma ukutheleleka kwethambo kunzima noma uma isiguli sinengozi enkulu yezinkinga. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa kubantu abane-vertebral osteomyelitis.

Uyombona Nini Udokotela?

Kubalulekile ukuthintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma kunezimpawu zanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi uma kunobomvu noma ukuphuma esilondeni noma endaweni yokuhlinzwa.

Ukuvimbela i-Osteomyelitis 

Nazi izinto ezimbalwa okufanele zenziwe ukuze uvimbele i-osteomyelitis:

• Ukuhlanza noma yimaphi amanxeba amasha noma ukusikeka 
• Ukugcina indawo yokuhlinza ingenalutho
• Ukugeza izandla njalo lapho ubamba amanxeba nokusikeka 
• Ukuhlanza ukusikeka nama-scrape ngamanzi afudumele, anensipho.

Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezempilo uma kukhona inxeba elijulile lokusikeka noma ukubhoboza noma ukuhlukumezeka.

Isiphetho

Uma i-osteomyelitis ishesha ukwelashwa, kuyoba ngcono kakhulu ukuvimbela ukulimala okungapheli kwamathambo nezinye izinkinga. Ukwelashwa okufanele kanye nokulandela izinqubo zokuhlanzeka ukugcina isilonda sihlanzekile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-osteomyelitis engapheli. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa 

1. I-osteomyelitis ivame kangakanani?

I-Osteomyelitis ayivamile futhi empeleni ayivamile, kunabantu abangaphansi kwama-25 kubantu abayi-1,00,000 ababhekana nayo minyaka yonke.

2. Ubani Othola I-Osteomyelitis?

I-Osteomyelitis ayivamile kodwa ingase ikhule kubantu abanezici ezithile zobungozi, okuhlanganisa:

• Diabetes 
• Isifo se-sickle cell 
• HIV noma ingculaza 
• rheumatoid arthritis
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngomjovo
• Ukuphuza utshwala 
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-steroids
• I-Hemodialysis
• Ukungahambi kahle kwegazi
• Ukulimala kwakamuva

Abantu abaye bahlinzwa amathambo, okuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kwe-hip namadolo, nabo banengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa i-osteomyelitis.

3. Ingabe i-osteomyelitis ingazelapha ngokwayo?

Ngeshwa, i-osteomyelitis ayibi ngcono noma yelapheke ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubonana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze ayelaphe.

4. I-osteomyelitis iyingozi kangakanani?

I-osteoporosis yisimo esibucayi esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuvimbela izinkinga. Ngokuvamile isabela kahle ekwelashweni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi.

UDkt. Hari Chaudhari

I-MBBS, MS (Orthopedics)
Izibhedlela Ezihlangene ze-CIIGMA (Iyunithi Yezibhedlela ze-CARE), Chh. Sambhajinagar

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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