I-Pericarditis

Inkinga yenhliziyo evamile, i-pericarditis ithinta isikhwama sokuzivikela esizungeze inhliziyo yakho, ibangele ukungakhululeki nokukhathazeka kwabaningi. I-Pericarditis yenzeka lapho lesi sac, esibizwa ngokuthi i-pericardium, sivutha. Kungenzeka kunoma ubani kunoma ibuphi ubudala futhi kuthinte impilo yonke yenhliziyo. Ukuqonda i-pericarditis kubalulekile ekuboneni izimpawu zayo nokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Lesi sihloko singena emhlabeni we-pericarditis ukuze sikunikeze isithombe esicacile. Sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-pericarditis, ukuthi ibangelwa yini, nezimpawu okufanele uziqaphele. Uzofunda mayelana nezici zobungozi, izinkinga ezingaba khona, nokuthi odokotela basixilonga kanjani lesi simo. 

Iyini i-Pericarditis?

I-Pericarditis ukuvuvukala kwe-pericardium, isaka elincanyana, elinezingqimba ezimbili, eligcwele uketshezi elivala ingaphandle lenhliziyo. Lolu lwelwesi oluyisivikelo lunikeza ukuthambisa, luvikela inhliziyo ekuthelelekeni, futhi luyigcine inganwebeki kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka i-pericarditis, i-pericardium iba bomvu futhi ivuvuke, efana nesikhumba esivuvukele esizungeze ukusikeka. Le nkinga yenhliziyo ingathinta noma ubani kodwa ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engu-16 kuya ku-65. I-pericarditis ivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo futhi ingase ithathe amasonto noma izinyanga. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ekuphumeni kwe-pericardial, lapho uketshezi olwengeziwe lunqwabelana phakathi kwezingqimba ze-pericardial. 

Izinhlobo ze-Pericarditis

I-Pericarditis inezinhlobo eziningana ngokusekelwe ubude bayo nezimbangela: 

• I-acute pericarditis iqala ngokuzumayo, nezimpawu ezihlala ngaphansi kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha.
• I-pericarditis engapheli iqhubeka amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha kodwa ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu naphezu kokwelashwa. 
• I-pericarditis engapheli ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu.
• I-pericarditis ephindaphindayo kwenzeka lapho izimpawu zibuya ngemva kwesikhathi esingenazimpawu okungenani samasonto amane. 
• I-pericarditis ethathelwanayo ebangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma isikhunta.
• Idiopathic pericarditis ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.
• I-Traumatic pericarditis ibangelwa ukulimala kwesifuba. 
• I-pericarditis ye-uremic iqala ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinso.
• I-pericarditis eyingozi ihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza.

Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza ukuxilonga ngokufanelekile nokuphatha le nkinga yenhliziyo.

I-Pericarditis Izinkinga 

I-Pericarditis inezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kokubili ezithathelwanayo nezingezona ezithathelwanayo. 

• I-Pericarditis ethathelwanayo:
  • Amagciwane yizigebengu ezivame kakhulu, kuhlanganise nama-coxsackieviruses, i-echovirus, nama-adenoviruses. 
  • Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu emazweni athuthukile, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingaholela ku-pericarditis. 
  • Isifo sofuba sidlangile emazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-HIV. 
  • Ezimweni ezingavamile, isikhunta esifana ne-Histoplasma noma izinambuzane ezifana ne-Toxoplasma zingabangela i-pericarditis, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.
• I-Pericarditis engatheleleki:
  • Izifo ezizimele ezifana ne-lupus kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Izimo ze-metabolic ezifana nokuhluleka kwezinso.
  • Ukuhlukumezeka, okungaba ngenxa yokulimala noma izinqubo zezokwelapha, kungase futhi kubangele i-pericarditis.
  • Eminye imithi, kuhlanganise nokwelapha umdlavuza, ingase ibangele le nkinga yenhliziyo.
• I-Idiopathic Pericarditis:
  • Ezimweni ezifika ku-90%, imbangela ayikaziwa, okuholela ekuxilongweni kwe-idiopathic pericarditis.

Izimpawu ze-Pericarditis Okufanele Uzazi 

• I-Pericarditis ivame ukudala ubuhlungu besifuba obubukhali, obuhlabayo obufika ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kuphatheka kabi ngokuvamile kwenzeka maphakathi noma ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesifuba futhi kungase kudlulele kwelinye noma ehlombe womabili. 
• Ubuhlungu buya ngokuya ulele noma uphefumula ngokujulile, kodwa ukuhlala ubheke phambili kunganikeza impumuzo. 
• Abantu bangase babe nemfiva, babe buthakathaka, futhi babe nenkinga yokuphefumula. 
• Abanye abantu baphathwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuzwa inhliziyo yabo yeqa noma ishaya ngokungajwayelekile. 
• Ezimweni ezingapheli, ukukhathala nokuphefumula kuvamile. 
• I-pericarditis enzima ingaholela ekuvuvukeni esiswini, ezinyaweni nasemilenzeni, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi. 
• Uma unesinye salezi zimpawu noma izimpawu ze-pericarditis, ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu besifuba, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izingozi Zezingozi

I-Pericarditis ingathinta noma ubani, kodwa izici ezithile zandisa ingozi, njenge: 

• Abesilisa abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-16 no-65 banamathuba amaningi okuthi babe nale nkinga yenhliziyo. 
• Abantu abake bamelwa yinhliziyo, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe basengozini enkulu. 
• Izifo ezizimele, ukwehluleka kwezinso, kanye ne-HIV/AIDS nakho kuphakamisa amathuba okuba ne-pericarditis. 
• Labo abanomlando we-rheumatic fever noma i-hypothyroidism babhekana nengozi eyengeziwe. 
• Imithi ethile efana ne-phenytoin ne-heparin ingase ibangele i-pericarditis ezimeni ezingavamile. 
• Abantu abakhwehlela njalo okomile, izinga lokushisa lomzimba elingavamile, noma abanemithambo yegazi ephukile emaphashini nasemehlweni abo basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo. 
• Cishe u-15% kuya ku-30% walabo abalashelwa i-acute pericarditis bangase baphinde babuye uma benganikezwa imithi efanele.

Izinkinga ze-Pericarditis

I-Pericarditis ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu uma ishiywe ingalashwa, njenge:

• I-tamonade yenhliziyo (uketshezi lwakha ngokushesha ku-pericardium, lucindezela inhliziyo) 
• I-pericarditis ecindezelayo 
• I-pericarditis engapheli esebenzayo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Pericarditis

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pericarditis kuhilela inhlanganisela yezindlela. 

• Umlando Wezokwelapha kanye Ne-Auscultation: Odokotela ngokuvamile bahlola iziguli futhi babuze ngezimpawu zazo nomlando wezokwelapha. Balalela inhliziyo besebenzisa i-stethoscope, behlola umsindo ohlukile obizwa ngokuthi i-pericardial rub. Lo msindo uvela lapho izingqimba ezivuthayo ze-pericardium zithintana. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlukene kusiza ukuhlola izimpawu zokuvuvukala, ukutheleleka, noma isifo senhliziyo. 
• I-Electrocardiogram: I-ECG irekhoda amasignali kagesi wenhliziyo, ebonisa izinguquko zesici ku-pericarditis. I-Pericarditis ku-ECG ibonisa ukuphakama kwe-ST-segment kanye nokucindezeleka kwesigaba se-PR.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: I-X-ray yesifuba ingaveza inhliziyo ekhulisiwe
• I-Echocardiogram: Le ultrasound idala izithombe zenhliziyo, ithola ukugcwala koketshezi noma izinkinga zokupompa. 

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase baqhube izithombe ezithuthukisiwe njenge-CT scans noma i-MRIs ukuze baqinisekise ukuxilongwa futhi bakhiphe ezinye izimo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Pericarditis

Ukukhethwa kokwelashwa kwe-pericarditis kuncike ekuqineni kwayo kanye nembangela eyisisekelo:

• Linda futhi Ubuke: Izimo ezibucayi zingathuthuka ngaphandle kokungenelela, kuyilapho ezibucayi kakhulu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. 
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Pericarditis: Odokotela bangase banikeze izidambisi zobuhlungu ukuze balawule ukungakhululeki futhi banciphise ukuvuvukala. I-Colchicine, imithi elwa nokuvuvukala, ingase yelaphe i-pericarditis eyingozi noma ivimbele ukuphindaphinda. 
• Kwezinye izimo, i-corticosteroids noma ama-immunosuppressants ayadingeka ukulawula ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo. 
• Uma ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kuyimbangela, odokotela bangase banikeze ama-antibiotic. 
• Ukungenelela Ngokuhlinzwa: Ukuze uthole uketshezi oluzungeze inhliziyo, odokotela benza izinqubo ezifana ne-pericardiocentesis ukukhipha uketshezi okweqile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-pericarditis ecindezelayo, ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwengxenye noma yonke i-pericardium kungase kudingeke.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

• Uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha zobuhlungu besifuba, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. 
• Izimpawu eziningi ze-pericarditis zifana nezezinye izimo zenhliziyo namaphaphu, ngakho-ke ukuxilonga okuphelele kuchwepheshe wezempilo kubalulekile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unomlando we-acute pericarditis futhi uqaphele ukubuyisela izimpawu noma izinguquko esimweni sakho ngesikhathi sokululama. 
• Qaphela ubuhlungu besifuba, imfiva, nokuphefumula kanzima.

Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kubalulekile ekuxilongeni okufanele kanye nokwelashwa kwe-pericarditis nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo ezingaba khona.

Ukuvimbela

Nakuba ukuvimbela i-pericarditis kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, kunezinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yesimo, njenge: 

• Vikela indawo yesifuba ngesikhathi semisebenzi ukuze uvimbele i-pericarditis ehlobene nokulimala.
• Ukuphatha izimo zesistimu ezingamahlalakhona, njengezifo ezizimele (njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis), isifo sezinso, noma umdlavuza, kubalulekile.
• Ukudla okunempilo, ukugwema ikhofi notshwala, ukuyeka ugwayi, nezindlela zokunciphisa ingcindezi njengokuzindla kungasiza. 
• Ukunakekelwa kokulandelela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo noma isifo senhliziyo kubalulekile, njengoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-pericarditis. Ukuphumula, ukuvivinya umzimba okusesilinganisweni, nokudla okunempilo kuvimbela kakhulu izinkinga. 

Isiphetho

I-Pericarditis yisimo senhliziyo esithinta izimpilo zabantu abaningi. Ngokuqaphela izimpawu ze-pericarditis nezici zayo eziyingozi, abantu bangafuna usizo lwezokwelapha olufika ngesikhathi, olubalulekile ekuxilongweni nasekulashweni okufanele. Izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuxilonga kanye nezinketho zokwelapha okuxoxwe ngazo zinikeza ithemba kulabo abathintwe yilesi simo.

Ukuqonda i-pericarditis kunika amandla iziguli nabathandekayo bazo ukuthi babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulawuleni lesi simo. Nakuba ukuvimbela kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo enempilo kanye nokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuphinda. Khumbula, uma uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba noma ezinye izimpawu, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ngokunakekelwa nokuphathwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-pericarditis bangaphila impilo egcwele futhi esebenzayo.

FAQ sika

1. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-myocarditis ne-pericarditis?

I-Myocarditis ithinta imisipha yenhliziyo, kuyilapho i-pericarditis ihilela ukuvuvukala kwe-pericardium, isaka elivikelayo elizungeze inhliziyo. Zombili izimo zingabangela ubuhlungu besifuba, kodwa ubuhlungu be-pericarditis buvame ukuba ngcono lapho uhlezi futhi uncike phambili. I-Myocarditis ngokuvamile ibangela ukukhathala nokuphefumula. Kokubili kungabangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kodwa i-pericarditis ivame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ine-prognosis engcono.

2. I-pericarditis ithinta bani?

I-Pericarditis ingathinta noma ubani, kodwa ivame kakhulu emadodeni aneminyaka engu-16 kuya ku-65. Abantu abanomlando wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe basengozini enkulu. Labo abanezifo ezizimele, ukwehluleka kwezinso, noma i-HIV/AIDS nabo babhekana nethuba elikhulayo lokuthuthukisa i-pericarditis.

3. I-pericarditis iwuthinta kanjani umzimba wami?

I-Pericarditis ibangela ukuvuvukala kwe-pericardium, iyenze ibe bomvu futhi ivuvuke. Lokhu kungaholela ebuhlungu besifuba, ikakhulukazi lapho uphefumula ujule noma ulele phansi. Kwezinye izimo, uketshezi lunganqwabelana phakathi kwezingqimba ze-pericardial, okungase kuthinte ikhono lenhliziyo lokupompa ngokuphumelelayo.

4. Ibi kangakanani i-pericarditis?

Nakuba i-pericarditis ivame ukuba mnene futhi ikwazi ukuzikhawulela, ingaba yingozi kwezinye izimo. Izinkinga zingase zihlanganise i-cardiac tamponade, lapho ukugcwala koketshezi okuzungeze inhliziyo kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo, noma i-constrictive pericarditis, lapho i-pericardium iba ugqinsi futhi iqine. Lezi zinkinga zingabulala uma zingalungiswa ngokushesha. Nokho, ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-pericarditis bayalulama ngokugcwele.

5. Ingabe i-pericarditis izozihambela yodwa?

Izimo ezithambile ze-pericarditis zingaxazululeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, izimo eziningi zidinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ukuphatha izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela imithi elwa nokuvuvukala nokuphumula. Lesi simo ngokuvamile siyaphela phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu, kodwa kwezinye izimo, singaba yisifo esingelapheki noma siphindeke. Kufika ku-30% weziguli zingase zibe nokuphindeka phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-18 zesiqephu sokuqala.

6. Ingabe ukuhamba kulungile nge-pericarditis?

Ngesikhathi se-pericarditis esebenzayo, kubalulekile ukugwema umsebenzi onzima. Ukuhamba kancane kungase kwamukeleke kodwa hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Njengoba ululama ku-pericarditis, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ukuthi ukwandise umsebenzi wakho womzimba kancane kancane. Kubasubathi abaqhudelanayo, ukuvinjelwa okuncane kwezinyanga ezintathu kuvame ukutuswa, okulandelwa ukuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile ukuze kukhishwe isifo esisebenzayo ngaphambi kokubuyela kwezemidlalo.

7. Yikuphi ukudla okungalungile nge-pericarditis?

Nakuba kungekho ukudla okuqondile kwe-pericarditis, ukudla okuthile kungase kukhulise ukuvuvukala. Kuyafaneleka ukugwema ukudla okuthosiwe, okunamafutha, nokubabayo, inyama egayiwe, nokudla okunosawoti omningi. Kunconywa ukunciphisa utshwala, i-caffeine, nokudla okunoshukela omningi. Ukudla okunempilo okunempilo nokudla okugaywe kancane ngokuvamile kunenzuzo. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe ngokudla.

UDkt. Chanakya Kishore Kammaripalli

MBBS, MD, DM (Cardiology) (AIIMS), FACC, FSCAI
CARE Medical Center, Tolichowki, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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