I-Pemenopause

Ubuwazi ukuthi i-perimenopause ingaqala phakathi neminyaka yawo-30? Lesi sigaba soshintsho lwemvelo, esenzeka ngaphambili menopause, inomthelela ezigidini zabesifazane emhlabeni wonke. I-Pemenopause iletha izinguquko ezibalulekile zamahomoni ezingahlala iminyaka eminingana, zithinte izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kowesifazane.

Ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-perimenopause nokubona izimpawu zayo zakuqala kubalulekile kwabesifazane ukuze bazule kulesi sigaba ngokuzethemba nangokukhululeka. Ake sihlole ukuthi iyini i-perimenopause, izimpawu zayo ezijwayelekile, nokuthi iqala nini ngokujwayelekile. Ukwengeza, sizoxoxa ngokushintsha kwama-hormone okwenzeka phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinkinga ezingaba khona, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo. 

Iyini i-Perimenopause? 

I-Pemenopause yisigaba soshintsho esingokwemvelo esenzeka ngaphambi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, okuphawula ukuphela kweminyaka yokuzala yowesifazane. Lesi sikhathi ngokuvamile siqala eminyakeni engu-40 yowesifazane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kuqale phakathi neminyaka yawo-30. Ngesikhathi se-perimenopause, umzimba wesifazane uthola izinguquko ezinkulu ze-hormonal, ikakhulukazi ku- i-estrogen amazinga, angakhuphuka futhi ehle ngokungalingani. 

Igama elithi 'perimenopause' lisho 'isikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini' futhi laziwa nangokuthi inguquko yokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Lesi sigaba singahlala iminyaka eminingana, sihluka kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya kweyishumi. Phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi, abesifazane bangase babe nezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ezifana nalezi ezihlobene nokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, njengokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile, ukushisa okushisa, nokushintsha kwemizwelo. 

Yiziphi Izinguquko Ze-Hormonal Ngesikhathi Se-Perimenopause? 

• Ukushintshashintsha Kwamazinga E-Estrogen: Phakathi neminyaka ephakeme yokuzala yowesifazane, amazinga e-estrogen ayakhuphuka futhi ehle ngendlela ebikezelwayo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Kodwa-ke, njengoba abesifazane bengena esikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, ngokuvamile ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-30 noma ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-40, le bhalansi iqala ukushintsha. 
  • Ku-perimenopause, amazinga e-estrogen angashintshashintsha, ngezinye izikhathi akhuphuke kakhulu kunokuvamile noma ehle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, abesifazane bangase babe nezikhathi ezingavamile, ubude bomjikelezo nokugeleza kokuya esikhathini kuhluka kakhulu. 
• Ukukhiqizwa Kwe-progesterone Encane: Esikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, i-hormone ye-progesterone yehla kancane kancane kune-estrogen. Abesifazane bangase babe nokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile noma ukuphuthelwa kanye nokubona phakathi kwemijikelezo. 
• Izinguquko ku-FSH ne-LH: Umzimba uzama ukunxephezela izinguquko ze-estrogen ne-progesterone ngokwandisa amazinga e-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Amazinga e-FSH ayakhuphuka ukuze azame ukugqugquzela ama-ovari ukuthi akhiqize i-estrogen eyengeziwe. Amazinga e-LH nawo ayashintshashintsha, okunomthelela ekungajwayelekile kokuphuma kweqanda. 

Izimpawu ze-Perimenopause 

I-Perimenopause iletha uhla lwezimpawu ezingahluka kuye kowesifazane, njenge: 

• Izikhathi Ezingavamile: Imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini iba yinde noma ibe mifushane kunokuvamile. Ukugeleza kungase kube nzima noma kube lula. 
• Ukushisa Okushisayo Nokujuluka Kwasebusuku: Ukuzwa ukufudumala okungazelelwe okuhambisana nokujuluka nobuso obushayiwe 
• Ukushintsha kwemizwa: ukucasuka, ukudangala, noma ukukhathazeka 
• Ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane: Ukuncipha nokomiswa kwezicubu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kungaholela ekuphathekeni kabi ngesikhathi socansi. 
• Ukuncipha kwe-Libido: Isifiso socansi esiphansi 
• Izinkinga zokuchama: Ukwanda kwemvamisa noma ukuphuthuma 
• Ezinye Izimpawu: Inkinga yokugxilisa ingqondo, izinkinga zenkumbulo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqaqamba kwamalunga noma imisipha, noma ukuzuza isisindo. 

Izimbangela Nezingozi Zokunqamuka Kwesikhathi Esidlule 

Izinto ezimbalwa zinganquma ukuqala nobude be-perimenopause. Kunjalo: 

• I-Genetics: Ngokocwaningo oluthile, abesifazane abangafika ku-50% bangase babe ne-perimenopause beneminyaka efanayo nomama babo. Ukubhema: Abesifazane ababhemayo njalo bangena kulesi sigaba ngonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili ngaphambi kwabangabhemi. 

Ezinye izici eziyingozi ze-perimenopause zakuqala zihlanganisa: 

• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza (i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy) 
• Izinqubo ezithile zokuhlinzwa ezifana ne-hysterectomy noma i-oophorectomy 
• Ezinye izimo zezempilo, okuhlanganisa izifo ezizimele kanye nokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal 

Izinkinga ze-Perimenopause 

I-Perimenopause, ngenkathi inqubo yemvelo, ingaholela ezinkingeni eziningana zezempilo, kuhlanganise: 

• Ukwanda kwengozi kwamathambo 
• Umthelela empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, okungase kwandise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. 
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, njengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka 
• Umthelela empilweni yezocansi, okungase kuthinte ubudlelwano obusondelene. 
• Ukunyuka kwemvamisa ye ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract 
• Abanye besifazane bangase babe nezinguquko zomqondo ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, okuhlanganisa ubunzima benkumbulo nokugxilisa ingqondo, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inkungu yobuchopho". 

Sifo 

Ukuxilonga i-perimenopause kungaba nzima ngezinye izikhathi ngoba izimpawu zivame ukudlulana nezinye izimo. 

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Ukuxilongwa kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe ezimpawini zowesifazane nomlando wezokwelapha kunokuhlola okuthile. Odokotela ngokuvamile benza ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe ekubeni khona kwezimpawu ezivamile njengokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile, ukushisa okushisayo, nokushintsha kwemizwa. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwehomoni: 
  • I-Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Amazinga e-FSH aphakanyisiwe angabonisa ukuthi ama-ovari akhiqiza i-oestrogen encane. 
  • Amazinga E-Estrogen: Lawa angase ahlolwe; amazinga e-estrogen ayahlukahluka kuwo wonke umjikelezo. 
  • Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wegilo: Odokotela bangase benze ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wegilo ukuze bakhiphe izimo ezifana ne-hypothyroidism noma i-hyperthyroidism. 
• Ukuhlolwa Okwengeziwe: Kwesinye isikhathi, odokotela bangenza ezinye izivivinyo, okuhlanganisa: 
  • Ukuhlola ukuminyana kwamathambo 
  • Iphrofayela ye-Lipid 

Ukwelashwa Kwezimpawu Ze-Perimenopause 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Pemenopause kuhloswe ukudambisa izimpawu kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo. 

• I-Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Ukubuyisela amahomoni anciphayo emzimbeni. I-HRT ingasiza ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, okuhlanganisa ukukhanya okushisayo, ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukujuluka ebusuku nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo. 
• Ama-anti-depressants: I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiwe kanye neminye imithi elwa nokucindezeleka inganciphisa ukushisa okushisa. 
• I-Vaginal Oestrogen: Kulabo abanokoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukwelashwa kwe-estrogen yedosi ephansi kunganikeza impumuzo ngaphandle kokuthikameze umzimba wonke. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Ngenkathi abanye besifazane belawula izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha, abanye bangadinga usizo lochwepheshe. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezempilo: 

• Uma izimpawu ziphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke noma inhlalakahle 
• Uma usola ukuthi ubhekene ne-perimenopause 

Imithi Yasekhaya Ye-Perimenopause 

Amakhambi amaningana emvelo noma asekhaya angalawula izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Kunjalo: 

• Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi ye-aerobic nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla, kungathuthukisa ukulala, isimo sengqondo, nokuqina kwamathambo. 
• A ukudla okulinganiselayo okunothiswe ezithelweni, imifino, nokudla okune-calcium enothe njengobisi ne-kale kungasekela impilo yamathambo futhi kusize ukulawula isisindo. 
• Abanye besifazane bathola ukukhululeka ukushisa okushisayo ngokugqoka ukukhanya, izingubo eziphefumulayo ezenziwe ngezindwangu zemvelo ezifana nekotini noma ilineni. 
• Izithako zemithi (i-clover ebomvu, i-cohosh emnyama, namafutha e-primrose yakusihlwa) ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-perimenopause. Ekomeni kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, izithambisi ezisekelwe emanzini noma izinto zokuthambisa zinganikeza ukukhululeka. 
• Ukunciphisa ukuphuza i-caffeine notshwala kungasiza ngezinkinga zokulala nokushisa okushisayo. 
• Ukugcina indawo yokulala epholile kungathuthukisa ukunethezeka phakathi nokujuluka ebusuku. 
• Abanye besifazane bathola i-aromatherapy massage iwusizo ekuphumuleni nasekulawuleni izimpawu. 

Prevention 

Nakuba i-perimenopause kuyinqubo engokwemvelo engenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, ukukhetha okuthile kwendlela yokuphila enempilo kungalawula izimpawu futhi kukhuthaze impilo yonke phakathi nalolu shintsho. 

• Ukusebenzisa i-1,000 kuya ku-1,200 mg ye-calcium nsuku zonke ngokudla noma izithasiselo kungagcina amathambo aqinile. 
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo, okufana nemisebenzi ye-aerobic, nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla, kungathuthukisa ukulala, ukuma kwenhliziyo, nokuminyana kwamathambo. 
• Ukubona nokugwema izinto ezibangela ukushisa okushisayo kungaba usizo. Abanye besifazane bathola ukuthi utshwala, i-caffeine, noma ukudla okubabayo kungaletha lezi ziqephu ezingakhululekile. Ukugcina irekhodi lezinto ezingase zibangele kungasiza ukukhomba ukuzwela komuntu siqu. 
• Ucwaningo oluholwa yiNyuvesi yaseLeeds luthole ukuthi ukudla okunothe ngemidumba nenhlanzi kungase kubambezele ukuqala kwemvelo kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, kuyilapho ukudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi kungase kukusheshise. Ingxenye ngayinye yansuku zonke yenhlanzi kanye nemifino emisha yayihlotshaniswa nokubambezeleka okungaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ekuqaleni kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. 

Isiphetho 

I-Pemenopause iyisigaba esingokwemvelo nesibalulekile empilweni yowesifazane esiletha izinguquko ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqonda lezi zinguquko kanye nemiphumela yazo enhlalakahleni engokomzimba nengokomzwelo kungasiza abesifazane ukuthi bazule kulolu shintsho kalula. Kusukela ezikhathini ezingavamile ukuya ekushintsheni kwemizwelo, izimpawu ze-perimenopause zingaba nomthelela empilweni yansuku zonke, kodwa ziningi izindlela zokuzilawula ngempumelelo. 

Nakuba i-perimenopause ingenakuvinjelwa, ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni abesifazane ababhekana ngayo nalesi sigaba. Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha lapho kudingeka yizinyathelo ezibalulekile okufanele uzithathe. Khumbula, okuhlangenwe nakho kwawo wonke umuntu wesifazane nge-perimenopause kuhlukile, futhi lokho okusebenza komunye kungase kungasebenzi komunye. Ngokuhlala benolwazi futhi bematasa ngempilo yabo, abesifazane bangamukela lesi sigaba esisha sempilo ngokuzethemba nangomdlandla. 

FAQs 

1. I-perimenopause ihlala isikhathi esingakanani? 

I-Pemenopause ingahlala kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni eyishumi. Ngokuvamile, ihlala phakathi kweminyaka emine kuya kweyisishiyagalombili. Ubude besikhathi buyahluka kakhulu, abanye baba noshintsho olufushane kanti abanye banohambo olude. 

2. Ingabe i-perimenopause ithinta ukulala kwami? 

Yebo, i-perimenopause ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emaphethini okulala. Kufika ku-57% wabesifazane ababika ukuphazamiseka kokulala ngalesi sikhathi. Ukujuluka ebusuku, uphawu oluvamile lwe-perimenopause, kungaphazamisa ukulala ngokubangela ukuphaphama njalo. Ukwengeza, izinguquko ze-hormonal zingathinta ikhwalithi yokulala, okuholela ekuqwaleni noma ubunzima bokulala. 

3. I-perimenopause iqala eminyakeni emingaki? 

I-Pemenopause ngokuvamile iqala eminyakeni engu-40 yowesifazane, kodwa ingaqala phakathi nawo-30s. Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala bokuqala kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini siphakathi kweminyaka engama-45 nengama-47 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isipiliyoni sowesifazane ngamunye sihlukile, futhi isikhathi singahluka kakhulu. 

4. Ngingakwazi yini ukukhulelwa esigabeni se-perimenopausal? 

Yebo, kungenzeka ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi se-perimenopause. Nakuba ukuzala kuncipha ngalesi sikhathi, i-ovulation isengenzeka, nakuba kancane kancane. Kuze kube yilapho usuqede izinyanga eziyi-12 zilandelana ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini (okubonisa ukuqala kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini), lisekhona ithuba lokukhulelwa. 

5. Yini okungafanele ukudle ngesikhathi perimenopause? 

Ngesikhathi se-perimenopause, kuyanconywa ukuthi unciphise ukudla okungase kwandise izimpawu. Lokhu kubandakanya: 

• Ama-carbohydrate acutshunguliwe, angaphazamisa amazinga eglucose egazini 
• Ukudla okubabayo, okungase kubangele ukushisa kwabanye besifazane 
• Utshwala, obungaphazamisa ukulala kanye nezimpawu ezingase zibe zimbi nakakhulu 
• I-caffeine, engaphazamisa ukulala 

6. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-premenopause kanye ne-perimenopause? 

I-Premenopause ibhekisela kuso sonke isikhathi sokuzala ngaphambi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, kuyilapho i-perimenopause isho ngokuqondile isigaba soshintsho esiholela ekunqamukeni kokuya esikhathini. Ngesikhathi sangaphambi kokuya esikhathini, abesifazane banemijikelezo evamile yokuya esikhathini futhi abanazo izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. I-Perimenopause, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibonakala ngokushintshashintsha kwama-hormone, izikhathi ezingajwayelekile, kanye nokuqala kwezimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini njengokushisa nokushintsha kwemizwa. 

UDkt. Neha V Bhargava

MS, DNB (obgyn), MNAMS, Fellow (Gynae Oncology)
I-Ganga CARE Hospital Limited, eNagpur

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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