tinnitus

I-tinnitus, evame ukuchazwa njengokukhala, ukubhayiza, noma ukuzwa komsindo lapho kungekho msindo wangaphandle okhona, ithinta izigidi emhlabeni jikelele, ikwenze kube ukukhathazeka okuvame kakhulu kubantu ngabanye kuwo wonke amaqembu obudala obuhlukahlukene. Izizathu ze-tinnitus zihluke ngendlela ebonakala ngayo, kusukela ekuchayekeni emsindweni omkhulu kuya ezimeni zempilo eziyisisekelo, ezikhomba ubunjalo bayo obuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesidingo sokuqonda okuphelele kanye namasu okuphatha. 

Le bhulogi iqala uhambo olunzulu ngokusebenzisa ubunkimbinkimbi be-tinnitus, kusukela kuzimpawu zayo ezichazayo kanye nezimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-tinnitus ezindleleni zokuxilonga kanye nokuhlola kokubili amakhambi asemtholampilo nawasekhaya e-tinnitus. 

Kuyini ama-Tinnitus?

I-tinnitus noma ukukhala ezindlebeni umbono/umuzwa womsindo ongenawo umthombo wangaphandle, okusho ukuthi umuntu othintekile kuphela ongawuzwa. Ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengokukhala, ukubhayiza, ukubhonga, ukuchofoza, ukuhayiza, noma ukuvungama kwendlebe eyodwa noma zombili.

Izinhlobo ze-tinnitus

Okulandelayo yizinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-tinnitus:

• I-Subjective Tinnitus: Lona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, lapho kuphela umuntu othintekile ongezwa umsindo we-phantom. Imisindo ingahluka ngokwephimbo ukusuka kokubhonga okuphansi kuye komsindo omkhulu.
• I-Tinnitus Yenhloso: Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-tinnitus ingazwakala ngabanye (ikakhulukazi odokotela), ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ukufinyela kwemisipha noma izinkinga zokugeleza kwegazi kungase kubangele lolu hlobo lwe-tinnitus.
• I-Somatosensory Tinnitus: Ngezinye izikhathi, ukunyakazisa ikhanda, intamo, noma amehlo noma ukuthinta izingxenye ezithile zomzimba kungase kuveze izimpawu ze-tinnitus noma kushintshe isikhashana ikhwalithi yomsindo ozwakalayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-somatosensory tinnitus.

Izimpawu 

Izimpawu ze-tinnitus zingahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Ungase uzwe imisindo ye-phantom endlebeni eyodwa, zombili izindlebe noma ekhanda lakho. Le misindo ye-phantom ingase ikhale, ibhonge, ibhonge, ishaye ikhwela, ihhale, ichofoze, ihayize, noma ikhwife. Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ingase ithambile noma inomsindo futhi ingase ibe phansi noma ibe phezulu. 
• Ingase ifike futhi ihambe noma ibe khona ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Kungase kuthinte indlebe eyodwa noma zombili (ezihlangene noma ezimbili).
• Ngezinye izikhathi, i-tinnitus ingase ihlotshaniswe nayo izinhlungu zekhanda, isiyezi, noma i-vertigo.
• Umuntu one-tinnitus angase abe nobunzima bokuwa noma ukuhlala elele ngenxa yomsindo, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, noma ukucasuka.

Yini Ebangela I-tinnitus?

Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile ze-tinnitus zimi kanje:

• Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa: Ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe, amangqamuzana oboya endlebeni yangaphakathi ayalimala noma agobe futhi angavuza amathonya kagesi angahleliwe, okubangela ubuchopho ukuzwa imisindo ye-phantom futhi kuholele ekubambeni kwendlebe.
• Izifo zendlebe noma Ukuvinjelwa: Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe noma ukuvinjelwa emgodini wendlebe kungashintsha ukucindezela endlebeni, okungase kubangele i-tinnitus. 

• Ukulimala: Noma ikuphi ukulimala endaweni yekhanda noma entanyeni kungathinta indlebe yangaphakathi, izinzwa ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuzwa noma ukusebenza kobuchopho okuhlobene nokuzwa. Ukulimala okunjalo kuvame ukuphumela endlebeni eyodwa i-tinnitus.
• Imithi: Imithi ethile, kuhlanganise nezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID), ama-antibiotics, izidakamizwa zomdlavuza, ama-diuretics, amaphilisi e-antimalarial, nama-antidepressants, angabangela noma enze i-tinnitus ibe yimbi kakhulu. 
• Izimo Zezokwelapha Ezingaphansi: Izimo eziningana zesistimu ziye zahlotshaniswa ne-tinnitus, kuhlanganise nesifo sika-Ménière, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-eustachian tube, i-otosclerosis, i-muscle spasms endlebeni yangaphakathi, ukuphazamiseka kwe-temporomandibular joint (TMJ), kanye ne-acoustic neuroma.

I-tinnitus itholakala kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-tinnitus kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-otolaryngologist (ENT udokotela) noma i-audiologist. Bangase benze:

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Udokotela wakho uzobuza ukuthi izimpawu zakho ze-tinnitus zaqala nini, ukuthi zenzeka kaningi kangakanani, nokuthi ziyithinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke. 
• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Odokotela bazosebenzisa izinsimbi ezikhethekile ukuze bakuhlole kahle izindlebe, ikhanda nentamo yakho. 
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa:
  • Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa: Odokotela bangase benze ukuhlolwa kokuzwa okuphelele, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-audiogram, ukuze bahlole ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezahlukene zendlebe yakho.
  • Ukuhlola I-Tinnitus: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuzwa, isazi sokuzwa singasebenzisa amasu akhethekile ukuze anqume ukuzwakala nokuqina kwe-tinnitus yakho. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesithombe: Isazi sokuzwa singase senze I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), i-Computed Tomography (CT) scan, noma i-ultrasound ukuze ibone izinkinga ezakhiweni zezindlebe noma ezindaweni ezizungezile.
• Ukuhlolwa Okwengeziwe: Ngokuya ngezimpawu kanye nezimbangela ezisolwayo, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kunconywe, okufana nalokhu:
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Imibiko yegazi ingahlola i-anemia, Izinkinga ze-thyroid, noma ezinye izimo zezempilo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekuthuleni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Vestibular: Ezigulini ezisolwa ngokuba yi-Meniere's disease noma okunye ukuphazamiseka kwe-vestibular, ukuhlolwa okufana ne-electronystagmography kungase kuhlole ibhalansi nokusebenza kwendlebe yangaphakathi.

Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha I-tinnitus?

Alikho ikhambi le-tinnitus, kodwa izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene ziyatholakala ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu nokwenza i-tinnitus ikhale ezindlebeni noma ukubhuza kungabonakali. 

• Ukwelapha Imbangela Eyisisekelo: Uma isimo sezempilo esicashile sibangela i-tinnitus, ukwelapha leso simo kungasiza ekudambiseni izimpawu. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa:
  • Ukususwa kwe-Earwax
  • Ukwelapha izimo zemithambo yegazi
  • Ukushintsha imithi
  • Ukwelapha ukungezwa
• Ukwelashwa Komsindo: Uma imbangela ye-tinnitus ingaziwa noma ingelashwa, ukwelashwa komsindo kungasiza ukwenza ukukhala noma ukukhala kwe-tinnitus kungabonakali.
  • Imishini Yomsindo Omhlophe: Le mishini ikhiqiza umsindo ofana nemisindo emile noma engokwemvelo, njengemvula enethayo noma amagagasi olwandle, angasiza ukuvala umsindo we-tinnitus.
  • Amadivayisi Wokufihla: Lawa madivayisi akhiqiza umsindo osezingeni eliphansi kodwa oqhubekayo. Uma ugqokwa endlebeni, lo msindo ucindezela izimpawu ze-tinnitus, njengezinsiza-kuzwa.
• Ukwelulekwa kanye Nokwelashwa
  • Ukwelapha Ngokuziphatha: Lolu khetho lokwelapha luhlose ukusiza abantu ukuthi baphile ne-tinnitus ngokushintsha indlela abacabanga ngayo nabazizwa ngayo ngezimpawu zabo.
  • I-Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT): Ku-TRT, uzofaka idivayisi endlebeni yakho. Ivala izimpawu zakho ze-tinnitus ngenkathi uthola ukwelulekwa ngokuqondisa okuvela kuchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-TRT ingase ikusize uzizwe ucindezelekile kancane ngenxa yezimpawu zakho ze-tinnitus futhi uqaphele kancane.
• Idivayisi ye-Lenire: Ingobunye bobuchwepheshe bakamuva obusetshenziswa ekulawuleni i-tinnitus. Le divayisi engahlaseli, egunyazwe yi-FDA ngo-2023, ihlanganisa ukuvuselela ugesi kanye nokwelapha okuzwakalayo ukuze kwehliswe umbono we-tinnitus. Iqondise ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho nezinzwa ezihlobene ne-tinnitus, okungenzeka iqeqeshe kabusha ubuchopho ukuze buzwe umsindo ngendlela ehlukile.
• Imithi: Odokotela bangase banikeze imithi yokunciphisa ubunzima bezimpawu noma izinkinga.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimo ezilandelayo mayelana ne-tinnitus:

• Uma une-tinnitus njalo noma njalo
• I-tinnitus yakho iba yimbi kakhulu
• Uma i-tinnitus ithinta ukulala kwakho nokugxilisa ingqondo noma ikwenza uzizwe ukhathazekile futhi ucindezelekile
• Une-tinnitus eshaya ngesikhathi ngenhliziyo yakho
• Une-tinnitus ngemva kokulimala ekhanda
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungazelelwe, ubuthakathaka emisipha yobuso, noma a umuzwa wokuphotha (i-vertigo)

Izingozi Zezingozi

Nakuba i-tinnitus ingathinta noma ubani, izici ezithile zingase zandise ingozi yokuthuthukisa noma ukubhekana nalesi simo:

• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisindweni ephezulu
• Ukuguga
• Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi amadoda asemathubeni amaningi okuba ne-tinnitus kunabesifazane
• Ukubhema nokuphuzwa kotshwala ngokweqile 
• Izimo ezithile zesistimu, njenge ukukhuluphala, izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ephezulu ukushaya kwegazi, isifo samathambo, nomlando wokulimala ekhanda 

Izinkinga

I-tinnitus ingaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene ezithinta kakhulu izinga lempilo nempilo yengqondo yomuntu. Ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona ezihlobene ne-tinnitus zihlanganisa:

• ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala nokukhathala
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo njengokugxilisa ingqondo nenkumbulo. 
• I-hyperacusis (ukwanda kokuzwela kwemisindo ethile) kanye ne-misophonia (ukusabela okungekuhle kwemizwa emisindweni ethile). 

Amakhambi Asekhaya E-tinnitus

Amakhambi amaningana asekhaya angasiza ekudambiseni izimpawu noma enze ukukhala, ukubhayiza, noma ukuhayiza kulawuleke. 

• Gcina umbhalo obhaliwe ukuze uhlonze izibangeli zakho futhi uzigweme esisodwa ngesikhathi. Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa i-caffeine, i-nicotine, utshwala, nokuchayeka ngokweqile komsindo.
• Misa uhlelo lwezikhathi zokulala olungaguquki futhi udale isimiso sokulala esiphumuzayo. 
• Faka izindlela zokuphumula ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke, njengokuzindla ne-yoga, ukuvivinya umzimba kokuphefumula okujulile, noma ukuphumula kwemisipha okuqhubekayo.
• Zama ukuvala ukukhala ngemisindo epholile engemuva, njengomculo opholile, amaphodikasti, noma izisetshenziswa ezinomsindo ezimhlophe ezidala imisindo yemvula noma amagagasi olwandle. 
• Gqoka ama-earplugs noma ama-headphone akhansela umsindo uma ubhekene nezindawo ezinomsindo, njengamakhonsathi, amasayithi okwakha, noma amathuluzi okusebenza kagesi.
• Gcina i Ukudla okunazo zonke okucebile ngemifino enamahlamvu, amafutha omnqumo, imbewu, amantongomane, nezinhlanzi ezinamafutha acebile nge-omega-3 njenge-salmon, ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala. 

Prevention 

Nakuba i-tinnitus ingagwemeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, unganciphisa ubungozi bakho:

• Vikela izindlebe zakho emisindweni ephezulu
• Gqoka ukuvikela izindlebe ezindaweni ezinomsindo.
• Gada amazinga womsindo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone.
• Nciphisa ivolumu uma usebenzisa ama-headphone.
• Gcina imikhuba enempilo
• Zivocavoce futhi udle ukudla okulinganiselayo.
• Nciphisa utshwala, i-caffeine, ne-nicotine.
• Lawula ingcindezi ngokuzindla noma nge-yoga.
• Phatha izimo ezikhona

Isiphetho

I-tinnitus, nakuba inselele, ayisona isimo esingenakunqotshwa. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokuhlolwa kwezindlebe okuvamile kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe i-tinnitus, njengoba kungasiza ekuboneni nasekuxazululeni izimbangela ezinjengokulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngaphambi kokuba kube kubi. Ngokuqonda ukubonakaliswa kwayo okuhlukahlukene, izimbangela ezingase zibe khona, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokuxilonga nezokwelashwa ezitholakalayo, abantu bangathatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile ekulawuleni izimpawu zabo ngempumelelo. Uhambo olusuka ekuboneni izimpawu zakuqala ukuya ekusebenziseni amasu afanelana nawe lugcizelela ukubaluleka kwendlela ekhuthele, enemikhakha eminingi yokunakekelwa kwe-tinnitus.

FAQ sika

1. Ngibhekana kanjani ne-tinnitus yami?

I-tinnitus ingaba yisimo esiyinselele, kodwa amasu amaningana angakusiza ukuthi ubhekane naso ngempumelelo:

• Khomba futhi ugweme izibangeli
• Lawula ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka
• Thuthukisa imikhuba yokulala
• Faka ukwelashwa komsindo
• Vikela ukuzwa kwakho
• Yamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo

2. Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala ze-tinnitus?

Uphawu lokuqala oluvame kakhulu lwe-tinnitus umbono wokukhala, ukubhayiza, ukukhala, ukuhayiza, ukuhayiza, noma ukushaywa kwezwi endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili noma ekhanda. Lo msindo we-phantom ungase uhlale njalo noma unqamule futhi uhluke ngephimbo kanye nokuqina.

3. Ingabe i-tinnitus ingaphela?

Amathuba okuthi i-tinnitus ihambe ancike kumbangela ewumsuka. Ngokuvamile ixazulula ngokwelashwa uma kungenxa yokunqwabelana kwe-earwax noma ukungenwa yizindlebe. I-tinnitus evela ekuvezweni komsindo omkhulu ingase ibe ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma kungekho monakalo unomphela. Uma kuhlotshaniswa nesimo sezempilo esinjengomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ukuphazamiseka kwegilo, kungase kube ngcono uma isimo seselashiwe.

4. Ingabe bukhona ubungozi noma imiphumela engemihle yokwelashwa?

Ukwelashwa okuningi kwe-tinnitus ngokuvamile kuphephile futhi kunemiphumela emibi emincane. 

5. Ingabe i-ear eax ingabangela i-tinnitus?

Yebo, i-ear wax buildup ingabangela noma ifake isandla ku-tinnitus. I-earwax eyeqile ingavimbela indlebe futhi iphazamise ukudluliswa komsindo, okuholela ekuboneni ukukhala, ukubhuza, noma eminye imisindo ye-phantom.

UDkt. Vikrant Vaze

MD - Udokotela, DNB - ENT
Izibhedlela Ezihlangene ze-CIIGMA (Iyunithi Yezibhedlela ze-CARE), Chh. Sambhajinagar

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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