I-vitiligo 

I-Vitiligo ibangela ukuba iziqephu zesikhumba zilahlekelwe umbala noma umbala wazo. Amabala e-Vitiligo avela lapho ama-melanocyte (amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-melanin) esikhumbeni ebhujiswa. I-Melanin unikeza isikhumba umbala wayo futhi iyivikele emisebeni yelanga e-ultraviolet. Ku-vitiligo, amasosha omzimba abhubhisa ama-melanocyte - iseli elikhiqiza i-melanin. Abantu abaningi balungile ngombala wesikhumba - kodwa abanye bafuna ukwelashwa, okungase kuhlanganise - ubude beza beza bokukhanya kwe-UV kanye nemithi yokubuyisela umbala womzimba wemvelo futhi ibambezele ukukhula kwamapeshi amasha angasekho. Emhlabeni wonke u-1% wabantu abaningi une-vitiligo. 

Iyini i-Vitiligo?

I-Vitiligo yinkinga yesikhumba eyenza isikhumba silahlekelwe umbala, kodwa futhi sithinta amehlo, ngaphakathi komlomo, futhi izinwele kanjalo. Kwezinye izimo isikhumba somuntu sihlala sishintsha umbala, kuyilapho okunye ukugqama kuyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuvamile, i-vitiligo iqala njengama-macule ambalwa amhlophe noma ama-patches angase asakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Nakuba i-vitiligo ivame ukuqala ezandleni, ezingalweni, ezinyaweni nasebusweni, ingathinta noma iyiphi indawo yomzimba wakho, okuhlanganisa nolwelwesi lwamafinyila emehlweni akho, ezindlebeni zangaphakathi, emlonyeni, ekhaleni, nasezifundeni zesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nama-rectal. 

Iziqephu ezinkulu zingaqhubeka zikhula futhi zisakazeka ngezikhathi ezithile, nakuba ngokuvamile zihlala endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingi. Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izingxenye zesikhumba zilahlekelwa futhi zithole umbala phakathi nesikhathi, indawo yama-macules amancane iyahlukahluka. Isikhumba esithintekile siyahluka kuye ngokuthi umuntu othola ukuxilongwa kwe-vitiligo. Ngenkathi abanye abantu benezindawo ezimbalwa zokususa umbala, abanye balahlekelwa ngokuphelele ithoni yesikhumba. 

Izinhlobo ze-Vitiligo

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-vitiligo kukhona: 

• Okujwayelekile: Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-vitiligo, oluholela ekutheni ama-macules avele emzimbeni wakho wonke, yilolu. 
• I-Segmental: Lolu hlobo luthinta kuphela uhlangothi olulodwa noma ingxenye yomzimba, njengezandla noma ubuso. 
• I-Mucosal: I-Mucosal vitiligo ithinta ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwangasese kanye/noma lomlomo. 
• Okugxilwe kukho: Phakathi nonyaka kuya eminyakeni emibili, ama-macules ohlobo oluyivelakancane lwe-vitiligo akhula endaweni encane futhi awasakazeki ngephethini ethile. I-bullseye enesikhungo esimhlophe noma esingenambala, isifunda esinemibala ekhanyayo, kanye nendawo yethoni yesikhumba sakho semvelo kubangelwa ama-trichome. 
• Indawo yonke: Ngaphezu kuka-80% wesikhumba sakho ngeke sibe ne-pigment ngenxa yalolu hlobo olungajwayelekile lwe-vitiligo. 

Izimpawu 

Izimpawu ze-vitiligo zihlanganisa: 

• Ukulahleka kombala wesikhumba okubhanyazayo okuvamise ukuqala ezandleni, ebusweni, nasezindaweni eziseduze nezitho zangasese nezivulo zomzimba. 
• Ukumpunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukwenza mhlophe kwentshebe yakho, amashiya, izinkophe, noma izinwele zekhanda 
• Ukulahlekelwa umbala kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, izicubu ezingaphakathi kwekhala nomlomo
• Nakuba ingaqala kunoma ibuphi ubudala, i-vitiligo ivamise ukuvela ngaphambi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwakho lwe-vitiligo, ingaba nomthelela kulokhu: 

• Lolu hlobo lwe-vitiligo, olwaziwa nge-vitiligo yomhlaba wonke, lushintsha umbala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zesikhumba ezithinta cishe yonke indawo yesikhumba. 
• Ohlotsheni oluvame kakhulu, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-vitiligo ejwayelekile, amabala ashintshile avamise ukusabalala ngokulinganayo (ngendlela efanayo) phezu kwezingxenye zomzimba ezifanayo. Lolu hlobo, olwaziwa nge-segmental vitiligo, ngokuvamile luqala kusenesikhathi empilweni, luqhubeke unyaka noma emibili, bese luyayeka. 
• Lolu hlobo lwaziwa ngokuthi i-focal, noma i-vitiligo yendawo, ethinta isitho somzimba esisodwa noma esincane. 
• Izandla nobuso. Lokhu okuhlukile kwe-vitiligo, okwaziwa nge-acrofacial vitiligo, kuthinta isikhumba sezandla nobuso, kanye nezindawo ezizungezile ukuvuleka komzimba okuhlanganisa izindlebe, ikhala, namehlo. 
• Kunzima ukusho ukuthi lesi sifo sizokhula kanjani. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ama-patches angase ayeke ukukhula ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukulahleka kwe-pigment ngokuvamile kuqhubekela phambili futhi ekugcineni kuthinte iningi lesikhumba. Isikhumba kwesinye isikhathi siphinde sibe nombala waso wokuqala. 

Izinkinga ze-Vitiligo 

Lapho ama-melanocyte, amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-melanin, i-pigment enikeza isikhumba sakho, izinwele, namehlo umbala wawo, efa noma eyeka ukusebenza, imiphumela ye-vitiligo. Izindawo zesikhumba ezithintekile ziyakhanya noma zibe mhlophe. Isizathu esiqondile sokwehluleka noma ukufa kwalawa maseli e-pigment asaziwa. Kungase kuhlobane nokuthi: 

• Isifo se-immune system (isifo se-autoimmune) 
• ufuzo 
• Isigameko esidala ukusabela kweketango, ukushuba, ukushiswa yilanga okubi, noma ukulimala kwesikhumba ngamakhemikhali 

uphethwe 

Ukuhlolwa okubonwa ngumhlinzeki wezempilo ngokuvamile kuholela ekuxilongweni okunembile kwe-vitiligo. Uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo angase ahlole isikhumba ngesibani sikaWood. Lesi sibani sisiza udokotela ukuba ahlukanise i-vitiligo kwezinye izifo zesikhumba ngokukhanyisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) endaweni ethintekile yesikhumba. Udokotela angase futhi abuze ngomlando wezempilo womndeni wesiguli ngaphezu kwalokho." 

Ukwelashwa

Njengoba i-vitiligo iyinhle kuphela futhi ingenazo izingozi zempilo, asikho isidingo sokwelashwa. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakusiza ekutholeni inketho yokwelashwa ukuze uzuze isikhumba esifanayo ngokukhipha umbala (ukukhipha umbala osele esikhumbeni sakho) noma ukufaka kabusha umbala (ukubuyisela umbala) uma une-vitiligo ebanzi noma izimpawu zakho zomzimba zithinta inhlalakahle yakho yengqondo. 

Ukwelashwa kwe-vitiligo kuhlanganisa: 

• Imithi - Nakuba ungekho umuthi othize kadokotela ongavimba i-vitiligo ukuthi ingalimazi isikhumba, kuneminye engasiza ukwakha kabusha ama-melanocyte, inciphise izinga lokulahleka kwe-pigmentation, noma ukubuyisela umbala esikhumbeni sakho. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-vitiligo kukhona: 
  • Corticosteroids 
  • Ama-anti-calcineurin agents 
  • Ama-topical inhibitors we-Janus kinase (ruxolitinib) 
• Ukwelashwa Okukhanyayo - Isikhumba singelashwa ngokwelashwa okukhanyayo noma nge-phototherapy ukusiza ukubuyisela umbala waso. Isikhathi esifushane, udokotela angase asebenzise amabhokisi okukhanya, amalambu e-ultraviolet B (UVB), noma amalaser asezingeni lezokwelapha esikhumbeni sakho. Ukuze ubone ukuthuthukiswa esikhumbeni, kungase kudingeke izikhathi eziningi zokwelapha ukukhanya - udokotela uvame ukusikisela lokho. 
• I-Depigmentation - Umgomo wokwelashwa kokukhishwa kwepigmentation ukufanisa umbala wezingxenye ezithintekile ze-vitiligo zesikhumba sakho nethoni yakho evamile yesikhumba. I-Monobenzone imithi esetshenziswa ekwelapheni kokususwa kwe-pigmentation, engasetshenziswa ezindaweni zesikhumba sakho ezinemibala. Lokhu kuzobangela ukuthi izingxenye zesikhumba sakho ezine-vitiligo zibe mhlophe. 
• Ukuhlinzwa - Inketho yokwelashwa kulabo abane-vitiligo ukuhlinzwa. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungabandakanya: 
  • Ukufakwa kwesikhumba: Ingxenye yesikhumba somzimba wakho iyasuswa futhi isetshenziselwe ukumboza esinye. Izinkinga zingabandakanya ukutheleleka, izibazi, noma ukungakwazi ukuphinda wenze umbala. Elinye igama lalokhu i-micro grafting. 
  • Ukuxhunyelelwa kwamabhamuza: Le nqubo ihilela ukufaka ukumuncwa esikhunjeni sakho ukuze kwakheke iqhubu, elibuye likhishwe uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo ukuze lixube leli bhamuza engxenyeni yesikhumba sakho ehlaselwe yi-vitiligo. 
• Ukwelulekwa - Kwabanye abantu abane-vitiligo, ukufuna ukwelashwa noma ukubona uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo kungase kube usizo ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlobene nokudabuka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuzethemba okuphansi okungenzeka kubangela izinguquko zesikhumba. Ngaphezu kokuthinta umbono womuntu nobudlelwano bomphakathi, i-vitiligo ingaholela ekungaphatheki kahle okungokwengqondo. Uma kwenzeka lokhu, umnakekeli wakho angase akweluleke ukuthi uye eqenjini lokusekela noma uhlele iseshini yokwelulekwa. 

Uyombona Nini Udokotela? 

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izifunda zesikhumba sakho, izinwele, noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lulahlekelwa umbala, thintana nochwepheshe bakho bezempilo. Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-vitiligo. Nokho, ukwelapha kungase kukwazi ukuhlehlisa noma kunciphise ukushintsha kombala futhi kubuyisele ingxenye yombala wemvelo wesikhumba sakho. 

Ikhambi Lasekhaya Le-Vitiligo? 

Nakuba lingekho ikhambi lasekhaya eliqinisekisiwe lokwelapha i-vitiligo, ezinye izindlela zemvelo zingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu noma zibambezele ukuqhubeka kwayo. Lokhu kubandakanya - 

• Izithako ze-Ginkgo biloba, ezingasiza ekubuyiseleni isikhumba 
• Ukufaka ijeli yenhlaba ezindaweni ezithintekile ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuqeda ukuvuvukala 
• Ukudla ukudla okucebile kuma-antioxidants kanye amavithamini, ikakhulukazi B12, C, kanye no-E Ukufaka i-turmeric ekudleni kwakho noma ukukusebenzisa ngokwezihloko 
• Ukusebenzisa amafutha emvelo afana nekakhukhunathi, i-olive, noma amafutha embewu emnyama esikhumbeni 
• Ukuzijwayeza izindlela zokunciphisa ingcindezi njengokuzindla noma i-yoga kungenzeka kungenzeki 

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lawa makhambi awafakazelwa ngokwesayensi futhi asebenzela wonke umuntu. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wesikhumba ngaphambi kokuzama noma yikuphi ukwelashwa okusha, njengoba angakunikeza izeluleko ezinengqondo zezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa okufanelana nezidingo zakho. 
icala. 

Prevention 

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokugwema i-vitiligo ngoba ingase ibe nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokwehlisa amathuba akho e-vitiligo - 

• Ukwamukela izinqubo ezinengqondo zokuchayeka elangeni. 
• Ukusebenzisa i-moisturizer nsuku zonke ukuze unakekele isikhumba sakho. 
• Ukuvimbela ukulimala ngokomzimba noma ukucindezeleka emzimbeni wakho. 
• Ukunakekela noma iyiphi i-autoimmune izifo okungenzeka kube khona. 
• Gcoba i-sunscreen nge-SPF 30 noma ngaphezulu 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa 

Q1. Ingabe i-vitiligo iyathelelana?

Izimpendulo. I-Vitiligo ayitheleleki futhi ayisakazeki ngokuthintana, igazi, amathe, noma ukwabelana ngempahla yomuntu siqu. 

Q2. Ingabe isikhumba sizothola umbala waso? 

Izimpendulo. Cishe i-10-20% yabantu abane-vitiligo ithola umbala wesikhumba - ngakho yebo, amathuba okuthi isikhumba singase sithole umbala. 

Q3. I-vitiligo iqala eminyakeni emingaki? 

Izimpendulo. Noma ubani angathinteka yi-vitiligo - akukho mkhawulo weminyaka ethile. Kodwa-ke, ngokwezibalo, ngokuvamile abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 bathola i-vitiligo. 

Q4. Ingabe ilanga alibi ku-vitiligo? 

Izimpendulo. Yebo. Ukuchayeka elangeni akulungile ku-vitiligo - ngakho hlala ubeke i-sunscreen futhi umboze isikhumba sakho ngenkathi ungaphandle elangeni. 

CARE Medical Team

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