I-Antral Gastritis

I-Antral gastritis ithinta ingxenye enkulu yabantu bomhlaba, ikakhulukazi abesilisa abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-70. Lesi simo esivuvukalayo se-antral yesisu singaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukopha. Ake sihlole izici ezibalulekile ze-antral gastritis, okuhlanganisa izimbangela zayo, izimpawu, izindlela zokuxilonga, kanye namakhambi asebenzayo e-antral gastritis.

Iyini i-Antral Gastritis?

Isisu siqukethe ungqimba oluvikela amafinyila olubizwa ngokuthi i-mucosa, oluvikela isitho ku-asidi yesisu egqwalayo ngesikhathi sokugaya futhi sigcine impilo yokugaya ukudla. I-Antral gastritis yenzeka lapho uketshezi lokugaya lulimaza lesi sivimbelo esifakwe amafinyila futhi sibangele ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engezansi yesisu (i-antrum). 

Lokhu kuvuvukala kungaqhubeka isikhathi esihlukene ngokuya ngohlobo lwakho:

• I-Acute Gastritis: Imvamisa ihlala phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2 kuye kweziyi-10
• I-gastritis engapheli: Ingaqhubeka amasonto noma iminyaka ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele

Izimpawu ze-antral gastritis ezithambile ngokuvamile zixazulula ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha. Nokho, izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Izimpawu ze-Antral Gastritis

Inkomba eyinhloko ibonisa ukuvuvukala kanye nomuzwa ovuthayo ngaphakathi kwesisu. Lesi simo sivame ukuletha ukungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla, ikakhulukazi endaweni engenhla yesisu. 

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezihambisana ne-antral gastritis zihlanganisa:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokusutha kwangaphambi kwesikhathi
• Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu nobuhlungu
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo okuqhubekayo, ngezinye izikhathi okuholela ekuhlanzeni
• Ukungagayeki ukudla kanye nobunzima bokugaya ukudla
• Ukubhodla njalo kanye nokwakheka kwegesi ngokweqile
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo ngenxa yokuncipha kokudla

I-Antral Gastritis Izimbangela kanye Nezici Zengozi

Imbangela eyinhloko yalesi simo kuseyibhaktheriya i-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), ethinta cishe u-78% wabantu ezindaweni ezithile.

Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) kuyimbangela yesibili evame kakhulu ye-antral gastritis. Le mithi, ngokuvamile ephuzwayo ukuze iqede ubuhlungu, ingaguguleka ulwelwesi lwesisu oluvikelayo, okuholela ekuvuvukeni. 

Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuseni i-antral gastritis ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi esiswini. Le acid eyeqile ingalimaza ulwelwesi lwesisu, ikakhulukazi kubantu ababa nezikhathi ezinde zokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo.

Ezinye izimbangela eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile
• Ukubhema noma ukuchayeka njalo entuthuni kagwayi
• Izifo ze-autoimmune ezithinta isisu
• I-bile reflux esuka emathunjini amancane
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma amagciwane ngale kwe-H. pylori
• Ukuhlanza okungapheli
• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba okuvela ekulimaleni okukhulu noma ukushiswa
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, ngenxa yokuncipha kwemvelo kolwelwesi lwesisu ngenxa yobudala, basengozini enkulu yokuvuvukala nokulimala.
• Ukusebenzisa ukudla okubabayo, iziphuzo ezine-asidi, ne-caffeine engacasula ulwelwesi lwesisu
• Ukungcoliswa kwendle okungekuhle nezimo zokuphila eziminyene zandisa ukuchayeka kubhaktheriya i-H. pylori
• Izimo ezithile zempilo zandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-antral gastritis:
  • Izifo ezizenzakalelayo
  • Izilonda ze-Peptic
  • Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-portal
  • Izimo zokulala isikhathi eside

Izinkinga ze-Antral Gastritis

I-antral gastritis engalashwa ingaba yizinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo ezithinta uhlelo lokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Izilonda zesisu zimelela enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu, zakha izilonda ezivulekile kulwelwesi lwesisu. Lezi zilonda zingabangela ukopha emathunjini, okungase kuholele ku-anemia. Ukopha kungase kubonakale ngegazi emhlanzweni noma ezindle ezimnyama.
• Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kolwelwesi lwesisu kungaholela ezimweni ezinzima eziningana:
  • I-Gastric Outlet Obstruction: Izilonda ezivame ukubangela izibazi ezingase zibe mncane noma zivimbe izimbobo ezingezansi zesisu (pylorus)
  • I-Gastrointestinal Perforation: Izilonda ezingalashwa zingadala izimbobo odongeni lwesisu, okuvumela amagciwane ukuba abaleke angene emgodini wesisu.
  • I-Peritonitis: Ukusakazeka kwamagciwane emgodini wesisu kungabangela lesi simo esibucayi, okungase kuholele ku-septicemia.

I-antral gastritis yesikhathi eside ingase ibangele ulwelwesi lwesisu ukuba lunciphe, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-atrophy. Lokhu konakala kuthinta ikhono lesisu lokugaya nokumunca imisoco ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi:

• Iron
• Folic acid
• I-Vitamin B12, eholela ku-anemia eyingozi

Sifo

I-Antral Gastritis Endoscopy: I-endoscopy ye-Upper gastrointestinal (GI) iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuxilonga futhi ihilela ukufaka ishubhu eliguquguqukayo elifakwe ikhamera ngomphimbo liye esiswini. I-endoscope ivumela odokotela ukuthi bahlole ulwelwesi lwesisu ngokuqondile, babone izimpawu zokuvuvukala noma ukulimala futhi basize ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-antral gastritis kanye ne-antral gastropathy (ukuguguleka kwe-mucosa esiswini ngaphandle kokuvuvukala).

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuthola ukutheleleka kwe-Helicobacter pylori:

• Ukuhlolwa Kokuphefumula: Iziguli zisebenzisa uketshezi olulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile oluqukethe ikhabhoni enelebuli. Ukuba khona kwebhaktheriya i-H. pylori kuguqula i-urea ibe yi-carbon dioxide, odokotela abayithola kumasampula okuphefumula okukhishwe umoya
• Ukuhlolwa Kwendle: Ukuhlaziywa kwaselabhorethri kuhlola ubukhona be-H. pylori kanye nemikhondo yegazi engase ibe khona ebonisa ukopha kwesisu
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Odokotela bahlola amasampula egazi ukuze bathole amasosha omzimba axhumene ne-antral gastritis

Uchungechunge lwe-GI ephezulu lumelela elinye ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga. Le nqubo idinga iziguli ukuba zigwinye into enosholi ebizwa ngokuthi i-barium, evala umgudu wokugaya ukudla. I-X-ray imaging bese iveza izinto ezingavamile ezakhiweni zesisu.

Ukwelashwa

I-Antral Gastritis Medicine: Imithi elwa namagciwane idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni izifo ze-H. pylori, odokotela benquma inhlanganisela yemithi izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kweziyi-14. Ukulandela inkambo ephelele kuhlala kubalulekile emiphumeleni yokwelashwa eyimpumelelo. Kanye nama-antibiotics, odokotela bavame ukunikeza imithi yokuvimbela i-asidi ukuze bakhuthaze ukuphulukiswa.

Amakhambi Asekhaya: Ngaphandle kwemithi, amakhambi emvelo amaningana asekela ukululama:

• Ukudla amanzi kakhukhunathi
• Ukudla i-ginger entsha ngaphambi kokudla
• Ukufaka izikhwama zamanzi ashisayo ukuze ungakhululeki
• Kubandakanya ama-probiotics ngokusebenzisa i-curd ne-buttermilk
• Ukwandisa umthamo woketshezi

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kubaluleka ngaphansi kwalezi zimo:

• Ukuba khona kwegazi emhlanzweni
• Izihlalo ezimnyama noma ezilindile
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu
• Ukuqunjelwa okuqhubekayo
• Ubunzima bokudla ukudla

Ukudla Okufanele Udle Futhi Ugweme Nge-Antral Gastritis

Izinketho zokudla zithonya kakhulu ukuphathwa kwezimpawu ze-antral gastritis.
Ukudla Okuwusizo kwe-Antral Gastritis:

• Izithelo ezine-asidi ephansi: ubhanana, ama-apula, namakhabe
• Imifino enamaqabunga aluhlaza: isipinashi, izaqathe, ne-zucchini
• Okusanhlamvu okuphelele: irayisi elinsundu, i-oats, ne-quinoa
• Amaprotheni angenalutho: inkukhu engenasikhumba, inhlanzi namaqanda
• Ubisi olunamafutha aphansi: iyogathi ne-cottage shizi
• Iziphuzo ezipholile: itiye le-chamomile kanye nemihluzi ecacile

Ukudla Okufanele Ukugweme:

• Izithelo ezimuncu: izithelo ezisawolintshi notamatisi
• Imifino ebabayo: u-anyanisi, u-garlic, nopelepele
• Imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha agcwele: ibhotela nokhilimu
• Amaprotheni anamafutha: inyama ebomvu nesibindi sezinkukhu
• Ukudla okugayiwe: amakhekhe, ushokoledi, nama-chips
• Iziphuzo: ikhofi, utshwala, neziphuzo ezine-carbonated

Ukudla okuncane, ukudla okuvamile kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi esiswini. Ukugwema ukucambalala ngokushesha ngemva kokudla kuvimbela i-acid reflux.

Isiphetho

I-Antral gastritis ihlala ilawuleka lapho iziguli zithola ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi zilandela izinqubo zokwelashwa ezinconyiwe. Odokotela bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokungenelela kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngoba amacala angelashiwe angaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu njengezilonda noma umdlavuza wesisu. Ukuphatha ngempumelelo i-antral gastritis kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Iziguli kufanele zilandele izimiso zemithi ezishiwo, zigcine imingcele yokudla, futhi ziye njalo lapho zihlolwa nodokotela. Ukwengeza, ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuphindaphinda kwezimpawu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-antral gastritis iyingozi?

Odokotela babheka ukuthi i-antral gastritis iyalawuleka uma ixilongwa futhi ilashwa ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, amacala angelashiwe angase athuthukele ezinkingeni ezinzima, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza wesisu, ngokukhula kwesilonda. 

2. Zingaki izinsuku zokwelapha i-antral gastritis?

Izimo ezibucayi ngokuvamile zixazulula phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-2-10. Izimo ezingalapheki zingase ziqhubeke amasonto noma iminyaka ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele. 

3. Usiphatha kanjani i-antral gastritis ekhaya?

Amakhambi amaningana asekhaya abonakala esebenza kahle ekulawuleni izimpawu:

• Ukudla ukudla okuvutshiwe okuqukethe ama-probiotics afana ne-kimchi, i-kombucha, neyogathi
• Ukuphuza itiye eliluhlaza ngoju oluluhlaza
• Ukuthatha i-garlic extract, esiza ukulwa namagciwane e-H. pylori
• Ukugcina ukudla okuncane, okuvamile usuku lonke

4. Ingabe ukusetshenziswa kobisi kuphephile ku-antral gastritis?

Naphezu kokunikeza usizo lwesikhashana, ubisi luvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi esiswini. Lokhu kukhiqizwa kwe-asidi ephakeme kuvame ukubhebhethekisa ukuvuvukala ngemva kokudamba kokuqala. 

5. Ingabe i-Antral gastritis ibangela ukuncipha kwesisindo?

Ngempela, i-antral gastritis ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo okungahlosiwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa:

• Ukungagayeki okungapheli okuthinta ukumuncwa kwezakhi
• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla ngenxa yokungakhululeki kwesisu
• Ukuqunjelwa njalo okubangela ukusutha ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Ubunzima bokugcina amaphethini okudla ajwayelekile

UDkt. Mohit Jain

MBBS, MD (General Medicine), DNB (Gastroenterology)
Izibhedlela ze-CARE CHL, e-Indore

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+91 406 810 6585