I-Eczema
I-eczema ibalwa phakathi kwezimo zesikhumba ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ezithinta izigidi zabantu. Lokhu ukuvuvukala okungapheli isikhumba sengozi idala ukulunywa, okubomvu, nokuvuvukala kwamabala esikhumba okungaphazamisa kakhulu ukunethezeka kwansuku zonke kanye nezinga lempilo.
Abantu bayo yonke iminyaka bangahlakulela i-eczema. Cishe u-10% kuya ku-20% wezingane ukhombisa izimpawu zalesi simo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ingxenye yezingane ezine-eczema iyakhula noma ibone ukuthuthuka okukhulu njengoba ikhula. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela "njengama-flare-ups" angahlala izinsuku noma amasonto.
I-atopic dermatitis igqama njengohlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-eczema.
Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele umayelana nokuthi iyini i-eczema, izimpawu zayo, kungani yenzeka, izinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokwelashwa okusebenzayo. Ulwazi nge-eczema lusiza abantu ukuthi balawule lesi simo kangcono, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banaso noma banakekele othile onaso.
Yini i-Eczema?
Iqembu lezimo zesikhumba ezivuvukalayo elaziwa ngokuthi i-eczema libangela isikhumba esomile, esilumayo. Odokotela bavame ukukubiza ngokuthi "i-itch that rashes" ngoba ukunwaya isikhumba esicasuliwe kuholela ekuvuvukeni okubonakalayo. Umgoqo wokuvikela wesikhumba uba sengozini, okwenza kube nzima ukugcina umswakama futhi uvimbele izinto ezicasulayo.
Izinhlobo ze-Eczema
Udokotela wakho angase akutshele ngezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ze-eczema. Lezi izi:
- I-atopic dermatitis: Ungase uhlakulele lolu hlobo oluvamile phakathi nobuntwana bakho
- I-dermatitis yokuxhumana: Ukusabela kwesikhumba kwenzeka ngenxa yokuchayeka ezintweni ezicasulayo noma ezingezwani nazo
- I-Dyshidrotic eczema: Amabhamuza amancane, agcwele uketshezi avela ezandleni nasezinyaweni
- I-Neurodermatitis: Ukunwaya okuphindaphindiwe kudala amabala aluma kakhulu
- I-Nummular noma i-discoid eczema: Iziqephu ezimise okwenhlamvu yesikhumba esithukuthele ziyakhula
- I-seborrheic dermatitis: Izindawo ezinamafutha njengesikhumba sekhanda nobuso zibonisa izimpawu
- I-Stasis dermatitis: Ukungahambi kahle kwegazi emilenzeni engezansi kubangela lolu hlobo
Izimpawu ze-Eczema
Ukuluma okukhulu, ukoma, nokubabomvu kugqama njengezimpawu ezibalulekile. Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama bangabona amabala ansomi, ansundu, noma ampunga esikhundleni sokubomvu. Izimpawu ze-eczema zingahluka kuye ngobukhulu:
- Ama-scaly noma ama-crusty patches
- Amabhamuza agcwele uketshezi olungase luvuze
- Isikhumba esiqhekeka noma esopha
- Ukunwaya okungapheli kuholela ezindaweni ezijiyile, ezinesikhumba
Izinkinga ze-Eczema
Ososayensi abakayisho imbangela yangempela, kodwa izici ezimbalwa zidlala indima:
- izivikeli mzimba ukungasebenzi: Umzimba usabela ngokweqile ezintweni ezicasulayo futhi udala ukuvuvukala
- Izici zofuzo: Phakathi kuka-20-30% weziguli zinezakhi zofuzo ze-filaggrin ezithinta umgoqo wesikhumba sazo.
- Izimbangela zemvelo: Ama-Allergens, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, nezinto ezicasulayo zingadala ukuqubuka.
Ingozi ye-Eczema
Umlando womndeni wokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile wandisa ubungozi bothile. Ezinye izici zobungozi zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlala emadolobheni aphezulu ukuchayeka kokungcola
- Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezibandayo ezikude nenkabazwe
- Ukuba yingxenye yamaqembu aphezulu ezenhlalo nezomnotho
Izinkinga ze-Eczema
I-Eczema ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele:
- Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba: Amagciwane (ikakhulukazi i-Staphylococcus aureus), amagciwane, noma isikhunta singangena esikhumbeni.
- Izinkinga zokulala: Ukulunywa njalo kuphazamisa amaphethini avamile okulala
- Impilo yengqondo izinselele: Izimpawu ezingapheli zivame ukubangela ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka
- Izimo zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile: Umzimba uba sengozini yokuthola isifuba somoya kanye nokungezwani nokudla okuthile
Sifo
Odokotela bangena ezindaweni ezithintekile zesikhumba futhi babuze ngezimpawu zezimpawu kanye nomlando womndeni wesiguli wezimo zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Ukuhlola okuningana kungasiza ezimeni ezingacacile:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-patch kukhomba izinto ezingezwani nezifo ezidala i-contact dermatitis
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuhlola amazinga e-immunoglobulin E (IgE).
- I-Skin biopsy iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, nakuba lokhu kwenzeka kuyaqabukela
Ukwelashwa kwe-Eczema
I-Eczema ayinalo ikhambi elihlala njalo, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukuphatha izimpawu:
- Ukuthambisa kwansuku zonke kudinga imikhiqizo ewugqinsi, engenawo amakha
- Imithi yokwelapha isiza ngesikhathi sokuqubuka:
- Amakhilimu e-Corticosteroid anciphisa ukuvuvukala
- I-Calcineurin inhibitors inikeza ukukhululeka
- I-PDE4 inhibitors isiza iziguli
- Imithi yomlomo iphatha izimo ezinzima:
- Ama-Antihistamine anciphisa ukulunywa
- I-Corticosteroids ibhekana nokuvutha okukhulu
- Ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe kubhekana ne-eczema emaphakathi kuya kokuqina:
- I-Biologicals inikeza usizo
- I-Phototherapy isebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-UV
- I-JAK inhibitors inikeza izinketho ezengeziwe
Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela
Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuyadingeka uma:
- I-eczema iphazamisa ukulala noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke
- Izimpawu ziyaqhubeka naphezu kokwelashwa ekhaya
- Qaphela izimpawu zokutheleleka - isikhumba sakho singababomvu, sifudumale, sivuvuke, noma sibe nobomvu, futhi ungase uthole imfiva.
Prevention
Iziguli zingakwazi ukuvimbela ukuvutha ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela:
- Sebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza ezithambile zokuhlanza isikhumba
- Ukumanzisa njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokugeza kuvimbela ukuvutha
- Ukuhlala kude nezibangeli ezaziwayo kuyasiza
- Amabhati afudumele asebenza kangcono kunezihlambi ezishisayo
- Izindwangu ezithambile, eziphefumulayo zivikela isikhumba
- Ukulawula ingcindezi kudlala indima ebalulekile
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Iyini imbangela eyinhloko ye-eczema?
Kunezici eziningana ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze kubangele i-eczema. Abantu abane-eczema banamasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile abangela ukuvuvukala lapho behlangabezana nezimbangela ezithile. Izakhi zakho zofuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile - uma umndeni wakho unomlando wokungezwani komzimba noma i-eczema, ubhekene nengozi enkulu. Umgoqo wesikhumba obuthakathaka, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-protein filaggrin, uholela esikhumbeni esomile ngempela. Izinto ezisendaweni yangakini njengentuthu, amakhemikhali, izinguquko ezinkulu zokushisa, nengcindezi zingenza izimpawu zibe zimbi nakakhulu.
2. Yikuphi ukudla okubangela i-eczema?
Ubisi, amaqanda, ukolweni, amantongomane, amantongomane esihlahla, inhlanzi, izinhlanzi, nesoya ngokuvamile kubangela i-eczema. Kodwa wonke umuntu usabela ngendlela ehlukile ekudleni. Ukusabela kokudla kuvame ukuvela emahoreni angama-6-24 ngemuva kokudla. Izingane eziningi ezine-atopic dermatitis zinayo ukudla kokudla.
3. I-eczema ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Iningi le-eczema flare-ups lihlala cishe izinsuku ezingu-15, kodwa lokhu kungahluka kakhulu. Lesi simo sihamba ngezigaba ezibucayi, ze-subacute, nezingamahlalakhona. Izindaba ezinhle zezingane - iningi liphuma eczema ngeminyaka yobusha noma lapho selikhulile. Abanye abantu babhekana nakho impilo yabo yonke, izimpawu zibuye zidlule. I-eczema yabantu abadala ingaba nzima ukuyiphatha, futhi abantu abadala abaningi bathola izimpawu kamuva ekuphileni.
4. Ungalulama kanjani ku-eczema ngokushesha?
Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kusiza ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuvutha.
- Sebenzisa ama-moisturiser aqinile, angenawo amakha nsuku zonke ukuze uvikele umgoqo wesikhumba sakho.
- Unganqanda ukuvutha okusha ngokuhlala kude nezinto ezibangisayo zakho.
- Odokotela bavame ukunikeza ama-topical steroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kanye nama-antihistamine ukusiza ngokuluma.
- Izimo ezinzima zingadinga ama-immunomodulators noma ama-biologics.
- Izinyathelo ezilula njengokugcina isikhumba sakho sipholile, ukusebenzisa izinsipho ezithambile, nokugqoka izingubo zikakotini ezithambile zingaletha impumuzo.
5. Nini ukukhathazeka mayelana eczema?
Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma:
- I-Eczema yenza kube nzima kuwe ukuthi ulale noma ithinte indlela yakho yansuku zonke.
- Qaphela izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane noma isikhumba esiba bomvu, esifudumele, esivuvukele, noma esiqala ukuphuma ubomvu.
- Izingane ezine-eczema enzima zingase ziziphathe kabi ngoba zizizwa zingakhululekile noma zinenkinga yokulala.
- Futhi, thintana nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi naphezu kokwelashwa.
6. Ngelaphe kanjani i-eczema yami ngokwemvelo?
Abantu abaningi bathola impumuzo ngokushintsha ukudla kwabo nokulawula ukucindezeleka. Ukudla okulwa nokuvuvukala, okufana nesaumoni, i-herring, ama-apula, amajikijolo, iyogathi, ne-kefir kungasiza ekwehliseni izimpawu. Ukuthatha izithasiselo zikavithamini D kuzisizile ezinye iziguli. Ama-moisturiser emvelo angagcina umgoqo wesikhumba sakho usebenza kahle. Khumbula ukuthi amakhambi emvelo asebenza kangcono uma uwasebenzisa kanye nokwelashwa okuvamile, hhayi njengokuthatha indawo.
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