H3N2

I-H3N2 ime njengomunye wezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zomkhuhlane. Igciwane le-H3N2 lingavusa ukukhwehlela okungapheli okungase kuqhubeke kuze kube amasonto amathathu, okwenza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekululameni kwesiguli.

Ake sihlole izici ezibalulekile ze-H3N2, okuhlanganisa izimpawu zayo, izici eziyingozi, ukuxilongwa, nezinketho zokwelashwa ezihlukahlukene zomkhuhlane we-A H3N2, kusize abafundi baqonde futhi baphathe lokhu kukhathazeka kwezempilo okubalulekile ngempumelelo.

Iyini i-H3N2?

I-subtype ye-influenza A virus H3N2 (A/H3N2) imele uhlobo olubalulekile lomkhuhlane wesizini ovele ngokushintsha kofuzo okumangalisayo ukusuka ku-H2N2. 

Igama elithi H3N2 lisuka kumaprotheni athile atholakala emvilophini yegciwane - H3 ibhekisela kuphrotheni ye-hemagglutinin yohlobo-3 kanye ne-N2 ekhombisa uhlobo lwe-2 ye-neuraminidase protein. Izici ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo zichaza i-H3N2:

• Inomqondo ongemuhle, ohlukene we-RNA genome ovumela ukuhlukahluka kofuzo
• Igciwane lisakazeka ngokuphumelelayo ngamaconsi okuphefumula phakathi kwabantu ngabanye
• Ithinta kakhulu izindawo eziminyene njenge:
  • Amakhaya asezihlengikazi
  • Izindawo zokusebenzela
  • Ukuthuthwa komphakathi
  • Izikole

Selokhu yagqashuka, i-H3N2 iye yaba nezinguquko ezinkulu zofuzo. Igciwane libonisa ikhono eliyingqayizivele lokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokuhlanganiswa kabusha kofuzo, okulivumela ukuba lithole izici ezintsha futhi ligweme ukungatheleleki komsingathi. Ukwengeza, izinga lokuguquguquka elisheshayo le-H3N2 liholela ekuveleni kwamagciwane amanoveli e-antigenical njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-5. I-World Health Organization's Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System iqapha kakhulu okuhlukile kwe-H3N2. Njengamanje, amagciwane amaningi e-H3N2 omkhuhlane A ayingxenye yezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: 3C.2a kanye no-3c.3a. 

Izimpawu ze-H3N2 Influenza

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-H3N2 zihlanganisa:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu (imvamisa ingaphezu kuka-38°C)
• Ukukhwehlela okomile okuqhubekayo okuthatha amasonto amabili
• Umphimbo obuhlungu ohambisana nokungakhululeki
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba nemisipha
• Ukukhathala okukhulu nobuthakathaka
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• Ikhala eligijimayo noma eliminyene
• Ukugodola nokujuluka

Nakuba abantu abaningi belulama emkhuhlaneni ohlobene ne-H3N2 phakathi nesonto ngaphandle kokudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela, ezinye izinkinga zingase zibe khona kwezinye izimo. Lezi zinkinga zingabandakanya:

• I-bacterial pneumonia- ethinta amaphaphu
• Izifo zendlebe
• Izifo ze-Sinus
• Ukubhebhetheka kwezimo ezingapheli ezikhona ezifana nalezi:
  • Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukulahla
  • Asthma
  • Diabetes

Izingozi Zezinkinga

Amaqembu alandelayo abhekene nezingozi eziphakeme zezinkinga:

• Abesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yesibili neyesithathu
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 ubudala
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu
• Abantu abanezimo zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona:
  • Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo
  • Izifo zamaphaphu
  • Izinkinga zezinso
  • Izinkinga ze-metabolic
  • Izimo ze-Neurodevelopmental
  • Izifo zesibindi
  • Izifo ezihlobene negazi

Ukuxilongwa kwe-H3N2 Virus

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela zokuxilonga ezihlukahlukene ukuze baqinisekise ukutheleleka nge-H3N2 futhi banqume amasu okwelapha afanelekile.

• Ukuhlolwa Kokuxilongwa Komkhuhlane Osheshayo (RIDTs): Ama-RIDT ayithuluzi lokuqala lokuhlola, elihlinzeka ngemiphumela phakathi nemizuzu engu-15 ngokuswayipha kwekhala noma komphimbo. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR): Lokhu kuhlola kubhekwa njengezinga legolide lokutholwa kwe-H3N2. Le nqubo yamangqamuzana ikhomba i-RNA yegciwane kumasampula okuphefumula ngokunemba okumangalisayo. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwendawo yokunakekelwa kwe-RT-PCR: Lokhu kuhlola kunikeza isixazululo esisebenzayo sezilungiselelo zomtholampilo, okuvumela ukuxilonga ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthumela amasampula kumalabhorethri amaphakathi. 
• Izindlela ze-Viral Culture: Isiza ekuhlukaniseni igciwane. 
• Iphaneli yegciwane le-Flu-Xpert: Le ndlela yokuxilonga ethuthukisiwe ithola amagciwane amaningi okuphefumula ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kuhlola okuphelele kukhomba:
  • Umkhuhlane A
  • Umkhuhlane B
  • H1N1
  • H3N2
  • I-Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Ukwelashwa kwe-H3N2

Ukuphatha izifo ze-H3N2 kudinga indlela enezici eziningi, ehlanganisa imithi elwa namagciwane nezinyathelo zokunakekela ezisekelayo. I-Indian Medical Association igcizelela ukugwema ukuzelapha kanye nezimpendulo zokwethuka lapho ubhekene nalolu hlobo lomkhuhlane.

Imithi elwa namagciwane ime njengesivikelo esiyinhloko ezifweni ezinzima ze-H3N2. Le mithi ibonakala iphumelela kakhulu uma inikezwa phakathi namahora angu-48 kuqale izimpawu. Imithi elwa namagciwane evame ukunikezwa ihlanganisa:

• I-Oseltamivir phosphate 
• I-Zanamivir 
• I-Peramivir 
• I-Baloxavir Marboxil 

Ezimweni ezingavamile, odokotela batusa izinyathelo zokunakekela ezimbalwa ezisekelayo:

• Ukuphumula kombhede okwanele ukusiza ukululama
• Ukuphuza uketshezi njalo ngamanzi, amajusi, namasobho
• Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta yokulawula imfiva nobuhlungu
• Izicindezelo zokukhwehlela njengoba kudingeka

Ukuvimbela Ukutheleleka kwe-H3N2

Ukuvimbela izifo ze-H3N2 kudinga inhlanganisela yokugoma kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezingokoqobo. Ngaphandle kokugoma, izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo zisiza ukunciphisa ukudluliswa kwe-H3N2:

• Ukugcina inhlanzeko efanele yezandla ngokuwasha njalo
• Ukusebenzisa imaski yobuso ezindaweni eziminyene
• Ukugwema ukuthintana eduze nabantu abanaleli gciwane
• Ukuvala umlomo nekhala ngenkathi ukhwehlela noma uthimula
• Ukubulala amagciwane ezindaweni ezithintwa njalo

Abazali badlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ngokugcina izingane ezinezimpawu ekhaya, ngaleyo ndlela behlise ukusuleleka komphakathi. Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo ngokuzivocavoca, ukulala ngokwanele nokudla okunomsoco kuqinisa amasosha omzimba ngokumelene nezifo.

Isiphetho

I-H3N2 idinga ukunakwa okucophelelayo nokuphathwa okusebenzayo. Ubufakazi bezokwelapha bubonisa ukuthi nakuba lolu hlobo lomkhuhlane lungathinta noma ubani, amaqembu athile abhekana nezingozi ezinkulu zezinkinga, ikakhulukazi abantu abadala nalabo abanezimo zempilo ezikhona.

Ukuqonda izimpawu ze-H3N2 kusiza abantu ukuthi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha olufika ngesikhathi, nakuba ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kuhlala kubalulekile ukuze kuhlonzwe kahle. Imithi elwa namagciwane isebenza kangcono uma iqalwa kusenesikhathi, okwenza isinyathelo esisheshayo sibaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni okusebenzayo. Ukwengeza, izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifana nokugoma okuvamile kanye nemikhuba efanele yenhlanzeko idlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni izingozi zokutheleleka.

Ososayensi bayaqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo wokwenza imithi yokugoma esebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nezinhlobonhlobo ze-H3N2. Nakuba imithi yokugoma yamanje inikeza amazinga ahlukene okuvikela, ihlala iyisivikelo esibalulekile ekuguleni okunzima. Abantu kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi ukuhlanganisa ukugoma nezindlela zokuvimbela kuvikela kulokhu songo oluqhubekayo lwegciwane.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ihlala Isikhathi Esingakanani I-H3N2 Flu?

Isikhathi somkhuhlane we-H3N2 ngokuvamile sithatha izinsuku ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-7. Isifo sitholakala ngezindlela ezihlukile:

• Izinsuku 1-3: Ukuqala ngokuzumayo umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bemisipha, nokukhwehlela okomile
• Usuku 4: Umkhuhlane uyadamba, ukukhwehlela kugqama kakhulu
• Usuku 8: Izimpawu eziningi ziyehla, nakuba ukukhwehlela kungase kuqhubeke

2. Isakazeka Kanjani I-H3N2?

Ukudluliselwa kwe-H3N2 kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Igciwane lisakazeka ngempumelelo uma:

• Umuntu onaleli gciwane uyakhwehlela noma athimula
• Othile uthinta izindawo ezingcolile, bese kuba umlomo, ikhala, noma amehlo
• Abantu bahlangana ezindaweni eziminyene njengamahhovisi, izikole, noma izithuthi zomphakathi

3. Ingabe i-H3N2 iyawathinta amaphaphu?

Ngempela, i-H3N2 ithinta kakhulu uhlelo lokuphefumula. Igciwane liqala ukutheleleka emgudwini wokuphefumula ophezulu, okubangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana e-epithelial. Lokhu kungaholela kokuthi:

• Ukulimala okunamandla kwamaphaphu kudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela
• Izinkinga ze-bronchitis kanye ne-pneumonia
• Ukwanda kokungenwa yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esibili

UDkt. KL Prajapati

I-MBBS, MD
Izibhedlela ze-CARE CHL, e-Indore

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+91 406 810 6585