Ama-Triglycerides

I-Triglycerides iwuhlobo lwamafutha oluvame kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, kodwa abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi bayithinta kanjani impilo yenhliziyo. Abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke bane-triglycerides ephezulu, isimo sokuthula esikhulayo Isifo senhliziyo ingozi.

Lawa mafutha asebenza ngenjongo ethile emzimbeni wethu. Ama-Triglycerides agcina amandla ekudleni esikudlayo. Umzimba uguqula ama-calories eqile abe ama-triglycerides futhi uwagcine kumaseli amafutha kuze kube yilapho edingeka ukuze uthole amandla. Odokotela bacabangela ukufunda:

• Ibanga elijwayelekile le-Triglycerides - Amazinga angaphansi kuka-150 mg/dL 
• Amazinga aphezulu e-Triglyceride - Amazinga aphakathi kuka-200-499 mg/dL
• Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu - Amazinga angaphezu kuka-500 mg/dL 

Ukwenyuka kwamazinga e-triglyceride kungaqinisa imithambo futhi kuqinise izindonga zemithambo. Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-arteriosclerosis, siyakhuphuka unhlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, nesifo senhliziyo kuyingozi kakhulu. Amazinga e-Triglyceride angu-150 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu nawo abonisa ingozi ye-metabolic syndrome. Abantu abanalesi sifo babhekana namathuba aphindwe kaningi okuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma unhlangothi.

Umzimba wakho ngeke ubonise izimpawu ezisobala ze-triglyceride ephezulu, okwenza ukuqapha okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi simo sithinta ama-25% abantu abadala. Imbangela enkulu ukudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi, ikakhulukazi ekudleni okunoshukela. Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila nokwelashwa kungasiza ukulawula amazinga e-triglyceride.

Yini ama-Triglycerides?

I-Triglycerides yizici ezilula zokwakha izicubu ezinamafutha. I-Triglycerides yenziwe ngamaketanga amathathu e-fatty acid axhunywe i-molecule ye-glycerol. Lawa ma-lipids asebenza njengendawo yokugcina amandla omzimba wakho futhi agcinwa ngokuphephile kumaseli amafutha kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Amafutha okudla aqukethe i-95% triglycerides. Umzimba wakho uhlephula amafutha okudla abe ama-acids anamafutha ngemva kokudla bese uwahlanganisa kabusha abe ama-triglycerides ukuze agcinwe amandla. Amahomoni akhipha lawa mafutha agciniwe phakathi kokudla ukuze anike amandla umzimba wakho. Isibindi sakho singaphinda siguqule ama-carbohydrate engeziwe abe yi-triglycerides.

Izimpawu ze-Triglycerides ephezulu

Amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride awavamile ukubonisa izimpawu eziphawulekayo. Amazinga aphezulu kakhulu angabangela:

• Ukubomvu kwesikhumba kanye nokulimala
• Ubuhlungu besisu obuvela esibindini esikhulisiwe kanye nobende
• Ukulahlekelwa kwememori
• Ukushintsha umbala omhlophe-omhlophe wemithambo ye-retinal (lipemia retinalis)

Izinkinga ze-Triglycerides ephezulu

Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukudla okunekhalori eqile (ikakhulukazi ekudleni okunoshukela noma okune-carb ecebile)
• Ukukhuluphala 
• Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Utshwala obuningi
• ukukhulelwa
• umzimba syndrome
• Izimo zezokwelapha ezifana sikashukela, isifo sesibindi, isifo sezinso kanye Izinkinga ze-thyroid ngokuvamile akhuphula amazinga e-triglyceride.
• Eminye imithi efana nama-diuretics, ama-beta-blockers noma ama-immunosuppressant ingase ibangele ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga e-triglyceride.

Izinkinga ze-Triglycerides

Okulandelayo yimiphumela emibi evamile ye-triglycerides:

• Amazinga e-Triglyceride angaphezu kuka-500 mg/dL aphakamisa ingozi ye-pancreatitis eyingozi, ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe okubuhlungu. 
• Ama-triglycerides aphezulu afaka isandla ekuqineni komthambo futhi andise namathuba okuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.
• Ama-triglycerides aphezulu nawo andisa ingozi yokunqwabelana kwamafutha esibindini noma kumanyikwe.

Ingozi ye-Triglycerides

Okhokho baseNingizimu Asia kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-lipid metabolism okuzuzwa njengefa kuthwala ubungozi obukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhulelwa, ukuya esikhathini, i-HIV, kanye nemithi ethile kungakhuphula amazinga e-triglyceride.

Sifo

Udokotela wakho angaxilonga i-triglyceride ephezulu ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kwephaneli ye-lipid. Kuzodingeka uzile ukudla amahora angu-8-12 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile. Amazinga akho ajwayelekile uma ehlala ngaphansi kuka-150 mg/dL. Ukufundwa okuphakathi kuka-150-199 mg/dL wesignali yamazinga aphezulu asemngceleni. Iningi labantu abadala kufanele lihlolwe njalo eminyakeni emi-5. 

Abantu abanezici zobungozi badinga ukuhlolwa okuvamile. Udokotela wakho angase ahlele ukuhlolwa kwe-apolipoprotein B ukuze uthole isithombe esigcwele uma i-triglycerides yakho iphezulu emngceleni.

Ukwelashwa

Imithi iyadingeka uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingasebenzi. Nazi izinketho zakho:

• Ama-statins - lawa ahlose i-cholesterol kodwa anganciphisa i-triglycerides 
• Ama-Fibrates 
• I-Omega-3 fatty acids - uwoyela wezinhlanzi wencwadi kadokotela wehlisa amazinga ngempumelelo.
• I-Niacin - lokhu kunganciphisa i-triglycerides 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Kufanele ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa amazinga e-triglyceride aphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-500 mg/dL). Lawa mazinga aphakamisa ingozi yakho ye-pancreatitis. Noma ubani onobuhlungu besisu obungachazeki obunama-triglycerides aphezulu udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukuvimbela i-Triglycerides ephansi noma ephezulu

Ungagcina amazinga e-triglyceride enempilo ngalokhu: 

• Hlala Unyakaza - Khomba okungenani imizuzu engu-30 yokuhamba ngezinyawo, ukugibela ibhayisikili, nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi okugcina uhamba. 
• Yidla Okuhlakaniphile - Faka okusanhlamvu okuphelele, imifino, izithelo, inyama engenamafutha, namafutha amahle ekudleni kwakho.
• Gcina Isisindo Sakho Sihlolisisiwe - Ukulahlekelwa ngisho nenani elincane lesisindo esingeziwe kungasiza ekunciphiseni ama-triglycerides.
• Buka Utshwala Bakho - Gwema noma ubeke umkhawulo ekuphuzeni utshwala, ngoba utshwala bungakhuphula amazinga e-triglyceride.
• Yehlisa Ukudla Okunoshukela - Gwema ukudla okulula okunoshukela, iziphuzo ezibandayo, nama-carbohydrate acolisisiwe njengesinkwa esimhlophe namadonathi.

Izindlela Zemvelo Zokwehlisa I-Triglycerides

• Izinhlanzi ezicebile nge-Omega-3 njenge-salmon ne-mackerel zisiza ukwehlisa amazinga e-triglyceride ngokwemvelo. 
• Ukudla okune-fibre ephezulu kusebenza kangcono kunamafutha e-trans ukuze kufundwe kangcono. 
• Ukushintshela kuwoyela we-olive noma uwoyela we-canola emafutheni agcwele kuyasiza. 
• Izithako zikawoyela wezinhlanzi zingasiza ekugcineni amazinga e-triglyceride enempilo. Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuwathatha.

Isiphetho

Ama-Triglycerides adlala indima ebalulekile endleleni umzimba ogcina ngayo amandla, kodwa umthelela wawo empilweni yenhliziyo ngokuvamile awunakwa. Ama-triglycerides aphezulu alimaza imithambo yegazi futhi andise ubungozi bezinkinga ezinzima zenhliziyo kwabaningi. Cishe oyedwa kwabane abadala ubhekana nalesi simo, kodwa abaningi bayakubona lapho ezinye izinkinga zempilo ziqala ukuvela.

Nazi ezinye izindaba ezinhle. Awudingi ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze wehlise i-triglyceride. Izinguquko ezincane endleleni ophila ngayo zingasiza kakhulu. Ukunciphisa ukudla okulula okunoshukela, ukudla izinhlanzi ezinothe nge-omega-3s, nokuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 kungathuthukisa amazinga akho.

Izinga elinempilo le-triglyceride lenza okungaphezu kokuvimbela isifo senhliziyo. Le ndlela isiza ukuthuthukisa impilo ngokukhuthaza imikhuba emihle yokudla nokuzivocavoca. Ukutshala kwakho imali ekulawuleni ama-triglycerides namuhla kuholela ekubeni ube nempilo kusasa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iliphi izinga le-triglycerides eliyingozi?

Amazinga akho e-triglyceride awela kulezi zigaba zobungozi:

• Okuvamile: Ngaphansi kuka-150 mg/dL
• Ukuphakama komngcele: 150-199 mg/dL
• Phezulu: 200-499 mg/dL
• Okuphezulu kakhulu: 500 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu

Amazinga angaphezu kuka-200 mg/dL akhuphula isifo senhliziyo nobungozi bohlangothi. Amanani angaphezu kuka-500 mg/dL angadala i-pancreatitis eyingozi. 

2. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-triglycerides ne- cholesterol?

Lawa ma-lipids egazi adlala izindima ezihlukene emzimbeni wakho. I-Triglycerides igcina ama-calories engeziwe njengezinqolobane zamandla. Umzimba wakho usebenzisa i-cholesterol ukwakha amaseli namahomoni athile. I-Triglycerides inikeza amandla kuyilapho i-cholesterol ikusiza ukugaya ukudla futhi imunce amafutha.

3. Ingabe ama-triglycerides mabi kune-cholesterol?

Womabili amafutha angalimaza impilo yakho lapho ephakanyisiwe. Ama-triglycerides aphezulu ahlanganiswe ne-LDL ephezulu noma i-cholesterol ephansi ye-HDL adala ingozi enkulu kakhulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Lawa mafutha athinta umzimba wakho ngendlela ehlukile kodwa womabili anomthelela ezinkingeni zenhliziyo.

4. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwehlisa i-triglyceride?

Uzobona izinguquko phakathi nenyanga yokwenza izinguquko zendlela yokuphila. Amazinga akho angehla ngaphezu kuka-50% ngokushintsha ukudla, ukuzivocavoca, nokuncipha kwesisindo. Ukuthatha izithako ze-omega-3 kungase kubonise imiphumela emavikini amane nje.

5. Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungabangela i-triglycerides ephezulu?

Ukucindezeleka kukhipha i-cortisol ne-adrenaline, okwenza umzimba wakho ukhiqize ama-triglyceride engeziwe. Ucwaningo luxhumanisa izenzakalo zokuphila ezicindezelayo namazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride, ikakhulukazi emadodeni aneminyaka ephakathi. Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kungakhuphula amazinga e-LDL futhi kwehlise i-cholesterol enhle ye-HDL.

UDkt. Sunil Kumar Sharma

I-MBBS, MD, i-DNB
Izibhedlela ze-CARE CHL, e-Indore

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