Inkinga Yenhliziyo

Izinkinga zenhliziyo zivame ukukhula buthule ngaphambi kokuba ubone noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso. Izigidi zabantu zibulawa isifo senhliziyo unyaka ngamunye, okusenza sibe imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa.

Ungase ucabange ukuthi izinkinga zenhliziyo zihlale zizimemezela ngobuhlungu besifuba obumangalisayo, kodwa lokho akuvamile ukuthi kusebenza kanjani. Izimo eziningi zenhliziyo zikhiqiza izimpawu ezicashile okulula ukuzikhipha njengezinye izinto ngokuphelele.

Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesifuba kusewuphawu olwaziwa kakhulu, kodwa izimpawu zenkinga yenhliziyo zingahluka kancane. Ungase uzwe ukuphelelwa umoya nobuhlungu entanyeni, emhlathini, emphinjeni, esiswini esingaphezulu noma emhlane. Uma ungowesifazane, omdala omdala, noma unayo sikashukela, ungase ube nobuhlungu obuncane besifuba noma ungabibikho nhlobo phakathi nesenzakalo senhliziyo, okwenza ukuqaphela inkinga kube nzima kakhulu.

Kwesinye isikhathi, izimpawu zokuqala zivela ngezindlela obungazilindele. Ukukhathala okukhulu, amaqakala avuvukele, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukuphatheka kabi esiswini, isiyezi, nobuhlungu obudlulela engalweni yakho konke kudinga ukunakwa. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuningi empeleni kuba nezimpawu ezimbalwa, futhi odokotela bazithola kamuva ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile.

Kungakho ukuqonda lezi zimpawu zezinkinga zenhliziyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni usizo lapho uludinga kakhulu.

Siyini Isifo Senhliziyo?

Isifo senhliziyo sihlanganisa izimo ezihlukahlukene ezithinta inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kuyigama lesambulela elihlanganisa isifo se-coronary artery, arrhythmias, izinkinga zevalvu yenhliziyo, nesifo semisipha yenhliziyo.

Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zezifo Zenhliziyo?

I-Coronary artery disease (CAD) iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ezithinta imithambo yegazi emikhulu enikeza imisipha yenhliziyo yakho. Ezinye izimo zenhliziyo zihlanganisa:

• I-Arrhythmias - ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okungabangela ukuzwa okuguquguqukayo esifubeni sakho.
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo – lapho inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi elanele.
• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kokuzalwa - izinkinga zenhliziyo ozalwa nazo.
• Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo - izinkinga zokuvula nokuvala kahle kwamavalvu.
• I-Cardiomyopathy - isifo semisipha yenhliziyo.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Zesifo Senhliziyo?

Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sakho esithile. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuhlungu entanyeni, emhlathini, emphinjeni, esiswini esingaphezulu noma emhlane
• Amaqakala avuvukele ngenxa yokwanda koketshezi
• Ukukhathala okukhulu
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo

Yini Ebangela Isifo Senhliziyo?

Izimo zenhliziyo ezihlukene zivela ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. 

Isifo se-coronary artery sivela lapho i-plaque inqwabelana emithanjeni yakho, inciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi. Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa:

• Izici zofuzo
• Izifo
• Imithi ethile
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kuhlanganise notshwala
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu

Yini Ekhulisa Ingozi Yakho Yesifo Senhliziyo?

Kunezici eziningana ezingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthuthukisa isifo senhliziyo:

• Ubudala (ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-55 kwabesilisa, ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane)
• Umlando womndeni (ikakhulukazi uma abazali bakho bawukhulisa kusenesikhathi)
• Ukubhema
• Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti kanye noshukela
• Ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu, cholesterol, nesifo sikashukela

Yiziphi Izinkinga Ezingabangela Isifo Senhliziyo?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, isifo senhliziyo singaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho igazi lihlehla emithanjeni yakho; ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, lapho ukunikezwa kwegazi kuvinjwa ngokuphelele; unhlangothi, uma amahlule egazi eya ebuchosheni bakho; kanye nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe, lapho inhliziyo yakho iyeka khona ukushaya. Ezinye izinkinga zihlanganisa ukulimala kwezinso, izinkinga zesibindi nesifo se-peripheral artery esithinta ukugeleza kwegazi ezithweni zakho.

Sitholakala Kanjani Isifo Senhliziyo?

Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo uzoqala ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi akubuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Bazolalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope futhi banga-oda ukuhlolwa ukuze bathole isithombe esicacile:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) irekhoda amasignali kagesi ahamba enhliziyweni yakho
• I-Echocardiogram (ECG) isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe zenhliziyo yakho eshayayo
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kuqapha indlela inhliziyo yakho esebenza ngayo phakathi nomsebenzi womzimba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubheka amaprotheni akhombisa ukulimala kwenhliziyo
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo ihlola ukuvaleka kwemithambo yakho yenhliziyo

Yiziphi Izinketho Zokwelashwa?

Ukwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho esithile nokuthi sibucayi kangakanani. Udokotela wakho angase ancome:

• Imithi yokulawula i-cholesterol yakho, umfutho wegazi, nesigqi senhliziyo.
• Indlela yokuphila iyashintsha, okuhlanganisa lokho okudlayo nokuthi uzivocavoca kangakanani.
• Izinqubo zokwelapha (isb. i-angioplasty, eyenziwa ukuvula imithambo evalekile).
• Ukuhlinzwa okufana nokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass noma ukubuyisela i-valve uma isimo sakho sisibi.

Kufanele Ngimbone Nini Udokotela?

Kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obuhlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa
• Ukuphelelwa umoya ngomsebenzi omncane kakhulu
• Ukuquleka okungachazeki noma isiyezi esinzima
• Ubuhlungu obudlulela engalweni, entanyeni, emhlathini noma emhlane
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile nesiyezi

Ngingazigwema Kanjani Izinkinga Zenhliziyo?

Izimo eziningi zenhliziyo zingavinjelwa ngezinguquko ezilula:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco ngenani elifanele lezithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele namaprotheni angenalutho. 
• Hlala umatasa—zama okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yokuzivocavoca isonto ngalinye. 
• Gwema ugwayi ngokuphelele futhi ulinganisele ukuthi uphuza utshwala obungakanani.
• Ukuhlola njalo kusiza ukubamba izinkinga kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi njengomlando womndeni, isifo sikashukela, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme. 
• Inhliziyo yakho igijima ekukhetheni okuhle kwempilo. Amasu okuphumula futhi amahora ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye okulala kwekhwalithi ubusuku ngabunye uqedela isu lakho lokuvikela inhliziyo.

Isiphetho

Izinkinga zenhliziyo zithinta izigidi zabantu, kodwa ukuqaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezigabeni ezisafufusa kungenza umehluko. Manje uyazi ukuthi izimpawu azihlali zifana nalokhu okubona kumafilimu - ubuhlungu besifuba buvamile, kodwa ungase uzwe ukukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ukuvuvukala esikhundleni salokho.

Uma unezici engcupheni njengomlando womndeni, isifo sikashukela, noma usukhulile, naka ukuthi umzimba wakho uzizwa kanjani. Izimpawu zenkinga yenhliziyo kwabesifazane kanye nabantu abadala zihlukile. Ikakhulukazi badinga ukubheka izimpawu ezingase zingabandakanyi ubuhlungu besifuba obusobala.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi eziningi zezinkinga zenhliziyo zingavinjelwa noma zilawulwe ngempumelelo. Ukudla kahle, ukuhlala umatasa, nokugwema ugwayi konke kusiza ukuvikela inhliziyo yakho. Ukuhlolwa njalo kokuzivikela nodokotela wakho kungabamba izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi.

Inhliziyo yakho isebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi empilweni yakho ngaphandle kokuthi ucabange ngakho. Ungazibi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso - uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, kufanelekile ukuthi uhlolwe. Uwazi umzimba wakho kangcono kunanoma ubani omunye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ziyini izimpawu zokuqala zesifo senhliziyo?

Umzimba wakho uvame ukuthumela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ngaphambi kokuba kuvele inkinga enkulu yenhliziyo, kodwa lezi zimpawu kungase kube lula ukuzigeja.

Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesifuba kusewuphawu oluyisixwayiso olwaziwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengokucindezela, ukuminya, ukugcwala noma ubuhlungu endaweni emaphakathi nesifuba sakho obuhlala ngaphezu kwamaminithi ambalwa. 

Kufanele futhi ubheke:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle ezingalweni zakho, emhlane, entanyeni, emhlathini noma esiswini
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ngaphandle kokuphatheka kabi kwesifuba
• Ejuluke emakhazeni anekhanda elilula
• Ukukhathala okungajwayelekile, ngisho nangesikhathi semisebenzi elula
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni, emaqakaleni noma ezinyaweni ngenxa yokwakheka koketshezi
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ukuzwa inhliziyo yakho igijima

Abesifazane bavame ukuzwa ukukhathazeka okukhulu, isicanucanu, noma ukukhathala okungajwayelekile kunobuhlungu besifuba obuvamile.

2. Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha engingazithatha ukuze ngigweme isifo senhliziyo?

Izinguquko ezilula kodwa ezinamandla emikhubeni yansuku zonke zingavikela inhliziyo yakho. Ukulungiswa okuncane kwenza umthelela omkhulu.

Ukukhetha kwakho ukudla kubaluleke kakhulu. Ama-salmon nama-walnuts anikeza i-omega-3 fatty acids ebalulekile. Izithelo ezintsha, imifino kanye nokusanhlamvu kufanele kuthathe indawo yokudla okugayiwe okufakwe usawoti, ushukela namafutha angenampilo.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuhamba ngokushesha okuyimizuzu engama-30 izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto kunciphisa ubungozi bakho kakhulu.

Ukuyeka ukubhema kusiza inhliziyo yakho ngokushesha. 

Gcina lezi zinombolo ezinempilo njengokuhlosiwe:

• I-cholesterol ephelele ingaphansi kwama-200 mg/dL
• Umfutho wegazi ku-120/80 mmHg noma ngaphansi
• I-BMI phakathi kuka-18.5 no-24.9

UDkt. Sunil Kumar Sharma

I-MBBS, MD, i-DNB
Izibhedlela ze-CARE CHL, e-Indore

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+91 406 810 6585