Lupus

I-Lupus ibonisa ukuchema okuphawulekayo kobulili, okuthinta abesifazane abaningi kunabesilisa. Lesi simo se-autoimmune sikhula lapho umzimba izivikeli mzimba ihlasela izicubu zayo ezinempilo. Umonakalo udlulela ezithweni ezibalulekile, kuhlanganise nesikhumba, amalunga, izinso nenhliziyo. Ukuqubuka kobuso okumise okwemvemvane kubonakala kubantu abaningi abane-systemic lupus erythematosus.

Lesi sifo sidala impilo yansuku zonke engalindelekile enezikhathi ezishintshayo zokuvutha kanye nokukhululwa. Alikho ikhambi okwamanje, kodwa ukuphatha kahle kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yesiguli. Le bhulogi ihlanganisa izimpawu, izimbangela, izindlela zokwelapha, nezeluleko ezisebenzayo zokusiza noma ubani othinteke kulesi simo esiyinselele.

Siyini Isifo Se-Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)?

Amasosha akho omzimba kufanele avikele umzimba wakho, kodwa nge-lupus, ahlasela izicubu nezitho zakho esikhundleni salokho. Lesi sifo se-autoimmune sibangela ukuvuvukala okungasakazekela emalungeni akho, esikhunjeni, ezinso, kumangqamuzana egazi, ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni nakumaphaphu. Iziguli zithola imijikelezo yokugula engalindelekile (ama-flares) kanye nokuphila kahle (ukuxolelwa).

Izinhlobo ze-Lupus

Isifo se-Lupus siza ngezindlela ezine ezihlukene:

• I-Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu oluthinta izitho eziningi, ikakhulukazi isikhumba, amalunga kanye izinso.
• I-Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE): Iqondise esikhumbeni kuphela futhi ibangele ukuqubuka kwe-lupus nezilonda ezihlukahlukene.
• I-lupus ebangelwa izidakamizwa: Imithi ethile efana ne-hydralazine, i-procainamide, ne-isoniazid ingabangela lolu hlobo.
• I-Neonatal lupus: Isimo esingavamile esithinta izingane ezizalwa omama abanezivikeli mzimba ezithile.

Izimpawu ze-Lupus

Abantu abane-lupus bavame ukuzwa:

• Ukukhathala okukhulu
• Fever
• Amalunga abuhlungu, avuvukele
• Ukuqubuka okumise okwevemvane ebusweni
• Ukuzwela ilanga
• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
• Izilonda zomlomo
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Amehlo amile
• Izinkinga zenkumbulo kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu

Izinkinga ze-Lupus

Isizathu esiqondile se-lupus asaziwa kodwa izici ezithile zingaba nomthelela kulezi zimbangela: 

• Izakhi zofuzo: izici zofuzo zinomthelela engcupheni ye-lupus.
• Imvelo: Ukuchayeka elangeni, izifo ezithile (ikakhulukazi i-Epstein-Barr virus), nothuli lwe-silica kungabangela izimpawu.
• Amahomoni: Abesifazane baphezulu amazinga e-estrogen ukwandisa ingozi.

Izingozi Zezingozi 

Ubhekene nethuba eliphakeme lokuthuthukisa i-lupus uma:

• Ingabe abesifazane 
• Iba phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15-44
• Iba namagugu ase-African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian American, Native American, Native Hawaiian noma Pacific Islander
• Yiba nelungu lomndeni eline-lupus. 

Izinkinga ze-Lupus

Ukuvuvukala kwalesi sifo kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo:

• Ukulimala noma ukwehluleka kwezinso (lupus nephritis)
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo (imisipha yenhliziyo evuvukele noma ulwelwesi)
• Izinkinga zegazi (i-anemia, izinkinga zokujiyisa)
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• Izinkinga zobuchopho nezinzwa
• Isivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela
• Ingozi enkulu yomdlavuza
• Ukufa kwezicubu zethambo
• Izingozi zokukhulelwa

Sifo

Izimpawu zivame ukufana nezinye izimo, okwenza ukuxilongwa okucacile kudle isikhathi. Odokotela baqoqa ulwazi ngezindlela eziningana:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nomlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-antinuclear antibody (ANA), okubonisa imiphumela emihle ezigulini eziningi ze-lupus
• Ukuhlaziywa komchamo ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso
• Ama-biopsies ezicubu zesikhumba noma ezinso ukuze ahlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu
• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njengama-X-ray esifuba noma ama-echocardiogram ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yenhliziyo

Ukwelashwa kwe-Lupus

Okwamanje alikho ikhambi le-lupus, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, izimpawu zayo zingalawuleka ngempumelelo.

Ukugxila kusala ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala, ukumisa ama-flares, nokunciphisa ukulimala kwesitho. Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa izindlela ezimbalwa.

• IHydroxychloroquine isebenza njengengxenye enkulu yokulawulwa kwe-lupus enqamula ama-flares futhi ingase ivimbele ukucwila kwegazi. 
• Odokotela banikeza i-corticosteroids ngezimpawu ezinzima. 
• Ama-immunosuppressants asiza ukulawula amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi uma uthola ukuqubuka okungachazeki, umkhuhlane ongapheli, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo bamalunga, noma ukukhathala okungajwayelekile. Ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka uma uhlangabezana:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo

Ukuvimbela I-Lupus

Awukwazi ukuvimbela i-lupus, kodwa izinyathelo ezimbalwa zisiza ukugwema ukuqubuka. 

• Ukuvikela ilanga kubalulekile - sebenzisa i-sunscreen (okungenani i-SPF 50) futhi ugqoke izingubo zokuzivikela. 
• Imisebenzi engokwenyama efana nokuhamba, ukubhukuda noma i-yoga isiza ukulawula izimpawu.

Amakhambi Asekhaya E-Lupus

Izindlela zemvelo zisebenza kahle ngokwelashwa kwezokwelapha. 

• I-Salmon ne-flaxseeds iqukethe i-omega-3 fatty acids enciphisa ukuvuvukala. 
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-curcumin ye-turmeric ibonisa imiphumela ethembisayo yezimo ze-autoimmune. 
• Ukuzindla kanye ne-yoga kunganciphisa ukuvuleka okuhlobene nokucindezeleka. 

Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela wakho kufanele agunyaze lawa makhambi ngaphambi kokuthi uwazame.

Isiphetho

Ukuphila ne-lupus kuletha izinselele eziningi. Lesi simo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-autoimmune sithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Ukufunda ngezimpawu zayo, izimbangela, nezinketho zokwelapha kusiza iziguli ukuthi ziphathe impilo yazo yansuku zonke kangcono.

Ukuphathwa kwe-lupus kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho iziguli zibambisana nodokotela bazo. Imithi efana ne-hydroxychloroquine kanye ne-corticosteroids ilawula ukuvuvukala ngesikhathi sokuqubuka. Indlela yokuphila iyashintsha njengokuzivikela ekuchayekeni elangeni nokulawula ingcindezi kubaluleka ngendlela efanayo lapho izimpawu zokuncipha.

Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka, kodwa i-lupus ihlala ingelapheki. Noma kunjalo, usengaphila impilo evamile. Iziguli zifunda ukubona izimbangela zazo siqu nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso njengoba isikhathi sihamba. Bakha izindlela zokuhlala bephilile naphezu kwesimo esingalindelekile salesi sifo.

Imfundo iba yisikhali sakho esinamandla sokulwa ne-lupus. Ikhono lakho lokuqonda umzimba wakho, ukubona izimpawu kusenesikhathi, nokunamathela ezinhlelweni zokwelapha kunciphisa izinkinga. Ukuphila ne-lupus kudinga ukulungiswa, kodwa iziguli eziningi zifeza amaphupho azo kuyilapho zilawula isimo sazo ngempumelelo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-lupus isifo esiyingozi?

I-Lupus yisimo sesikhathi eside esidinga ukunakekelwa okufanele, kodwa ngokwelashwa kwanamuhla, abantu abaningi abane-lupus baphila impilo enempilo, eyanelisayo. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-systemic lupus erythematosus baphila ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Ngenxa yentuthuko yezokwelapha, umbono we-lupus uye waba ngcono kakhulu phakathi neminyaka edlule.

2. Ingabe i-lupus isifo somdlavuza?

I-lupus ihluke ngokuphelele kumdlavuza. Lezi zimo ezimbili zisebenza ngokuhlukile:

• Amasosha akho omzimba ahlasela izicubu ezinempilo nge-lupus (amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile)
• Amasosha akho omzimba ahluleka ukulwa namaseli ayingozi kumdlavuza (amasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle)

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuxhumana okuthile phakathi kwalezi zimo. Iziguli ze-lupus zinengozi ephezulu yomdlavuza uma ziqhathaniswa nabanye. Bangase bathuthukise:

• I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Umdlavuza we-Lung
• Umdlavuza wesibindi
• umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Le ngozi ephezulu akufanele ibangele ukukhathazeka ngokweqile. Ukuba nelupus akusho ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza.

3. I-lupus iqala eminyakeni emingaki?

I-lupus ivamise ukukhula phakathi kweminyaka engu-15 no-45. Izingane azivamile ukuthola i-lupus ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engu-5, kodwa izimo ngokuvamile ziqala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-12.

UDkt. Ashish Bagdi

MBBS, MD (Umuthi), DM (Neurology)
Izibhedlela ze-CARE CHL, e-Indore

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+91 406 810 6585