I-Acetazolamide

I-Acetazolamide

I-Acetazolamide, isidakamizwa esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi, isithole ukunakwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezinkulungwane emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Lo muthi onamandla, ovame ukubekwa njengamaphilisi e-acetazolamide, ungelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene njenge-glaucoma, ukugula kokuphakama, ngisho isithuthwane.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi iyini i-acetazolamide nokuthi isebenza kanjani emzimbeni. Sizobheka ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-acetazolamide 250 mg, kuhlanganise nendima yayo ekulawuleni i-glaucoma nokuvimbela ukugula kwe-altitude. Abafundi bazophinde bafunde ngendlela efanele yokusebenzisa umuthi i-acetazolamide, imiphumela yayo engemihle engaba khona, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo okufanele uzikhumbule. 

Iyini i-Acetazolamide?

I-Acetazolamide imithi ehlukahlukene eyingxenye yezidakamizwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Kubonakala njengempushana ecwebezelayo emhlophe ukuya kokumhlophe ukuya kokumhlophe engenaphunga noma ukunambitheka. Lo muthi uthinta kakhulu ibhalansi yoketshezi lomzimba futhi usetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene.

Umuthi uthinta i izinso, amehlo, nesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi, okuphumela emiphumeleni eminingana yokwelapha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Acetazolamide

Amaphilisi e-Acetazolamide anezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene, njenge: 

• Umuthi we-acetazolamide usiza ukwehlisa umfutho wamehlo ku-glaucoma. 
• Le carbonic anhydrase inhibitor nayo inomthelela ekugcineni uketshezi, isebenza njenge-diuretic ukubhekana nokunqwabelana koketshezi okungavamile emzimbeni.
• Odokotela bavame ukunikeza i-acetazolamide 250 mg ukuvimbela nokunciphisa izimpawu zokugula kokuphakama. Kungasiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, kanye ukuphelelwa umoya lapho ukhuphukela ezindaweni eziphakeme ngokushesha. 
• Imithi ye-acetazolamide nayo idlala indima ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezithile zesithuthwane, ikakhulukazi isithuthwane esimaphakathi. 
• Amaphilisi e-Acetazolamide ayasebenza ekulawuleni idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
• I-Acetazolamide iphinde isetshenziswe njengokwelashwa okuhambisanayo kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukuqunjelwa.

Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Acetazolamide Tablet

• Amaphilisi e-acetazolamide athathwa ngomlomo, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Uma umuthi uphazamisa isisu sakho, wuphuze ngemva kokudla.
• Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi ngesikhathi usebenzisa lo muthi kubalulekile. 
• Umthamo uyahlukahluka futhi uncike esimweni sokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokunembile futhi ungaguquli umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana kubalulekile. 
• Ukuze uthole inzuzo enkulu kuyo, thatha i-acetazolamide ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Ukuthatha umthamo wakho wokugcina we-acetazolamide ekuseni kakhulu kuzokusiza ukuthi ungavuki ebusuku uyochama.
• Odokotela bangase bakweluleke ukuthi udle ukudla okune-potassium (njengobhanana noma ijusi yewolintshi) ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi, njengoba i-acetazolamide yehlisa amazinga e-potassium egazini.
• Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, thatha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwalapho sekucishe kube yisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe.
• Lapho ukhuphuka, kufanele uqale ukuphuza i-acetazolamide okungenani izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba uqale, uqhubeke nokuyithatha ngesikhathi ukhuphuka, futhi okungenani amahora angu-48 ngemva kokuba usufinyelele ukuphakama kwakho kokugcina ukuvimbela ukugula kokuphakama. Ukuze ulawule izimpawu zakho ngenkathi usendaweni ephakeme, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uqhubeke uthatha lo muthi.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Acetazolamide

Amaphilisi e-Acetazolamide angabangela uhla lwemiphumela emibi, njenge: 

• Ukukhathala
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Isiyezi kanye nekhanda elilula
• I-Paraesthesia (inzwa yokuluma ezandleni nasezinyaweni) 
• Izinguquko ekunambithekeni
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Ukhuphula ukuchama 
• Umbono ophundlekile 
• Umlomo omile

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu, nakuba ingajwayelekile, ihlanganisa: 

• Ukushintsha kwengqondo/imizwelo, njengokudideka, ubunzima bokugxila
• Izinkinga zokuzwa
• Ukukhala ezindlebeni
• I-Metabolic acidosis
• Izimpawu zesifo sesibindi, njengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza, umchamo omnyama, umbala ophuzi wesikhumba namehlo, nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu.
• Izinkinga zezinso, njengokuchama okubuhlungu, igazi emchameni
• Ukusabela okukhulu kwesikhumba okungase kubonakale njengokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa
• Ukungezwani komzimba okubonakala njengokuphefumula kanzima noma ukuvuvukala kobuso nomphimbo 
• Ukukhathala okungajwayelekile
• Ukopha kalula/ukulimala
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo/okungajwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu beso obusha noma obuba bubi nakakhulu
• Ukulahleka kombono

Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imiphumela eqhubekayo noma ephathelene nemiphumela engemihle ngenkathi uthatha imithi ye-acetazolamide.

Ukuqapha

Lapho uthatha i-acetazolamide, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha, njenge: 

• Izimo Zezokwelapha: Iziguli ezinesifo sezinso noma isibindi esikhona, izinkinga ze-adrenal gland, i-gout, noma i-hyperthyroidism kufanele zisebenzise lo muthi ngokucophelela, njengoba ungase uthinte lezi zitho. Labo abanezinkinga zokuphefumula (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona noma i-emphysema) kufanele nabo baqaphele, njengoba i-acetazolamide ingenza i-acidosis ibe yimbi kakhulu. 
• Diabetes: Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lo muthi ungabangela izinguquko emazingeni kashukela egazini. Ngakho-ke, abantu ngabanye sikashukela noma ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose okukhubazekile kufanele kuqaphe amazinga abo eduze. 
• Utshwala: I-Acetazolamide ingadala isiyezi. Ngakho-ke, gwema utshwala nensangu, njengoba lokhu kungandisa isiyezi nokozela.
• Ukungalingani kwe-Electrolyte: I-Acetazolamide ingase futhi iholele ekungalinganini kwe-electrolyte, okuhlanganisa amazinga aphansi e-sodium ne-potassium. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezempilo kanye nophenyo lwegazi kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe imiphumela engadingeki. 
• Isifo esibi kakhulu se-Altitude: Yize lo muthi usiza ekulawuleni ukugula kobude futhi usiza ukuthi ubekezelele ukukhuphuka ngokushesha, i-acetazolamide ayikwazi ukukunqanda ngokuphelele ukugula okungathi sína kokuphakama kwendawo.
• Ukukhulelwa: abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele isebenzise i-acetazolamide kuphela uma izinzuzo zingaphezu kokubi, njengoba ukuphepha kwayo phakathi nokukhulelwa akukaqinisekiswa ngokugcwele.
• Ukuvezwa kwelanga: I-Acetazolamide ingase ikwenze uzwele kakhulu elangeni. Ngakho-ke, nciphisa ukuchayeka elangeni, imibhede yokushuka, namalambu elanga.

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Acetazolamide

I-Acetazolamide, i-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, inomthelela ebhalansini yoketshezi lomzimba. Ibangela ukunqwabelana kwe-carbonic acid ngokuvimbela ukuwohloka kwayo, okuholela ekubeni ne-pH yegazi ephansi. Lo muthi uthinta izinso, amehlo, nesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi. Ezinso, kuvimbela ukumuncwa kabusha kwe-bicarbonate, sodium, ne-chloride ku-proximal tubule, okuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa komchamo nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi. Lo mphumela we-diuretic usiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi kanye nomfutho we-intracranial. Emehlweni, i-acetazolamide yehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahlaya ane-aqueous, yehlisa umfutho we-intraocular. Lokhu kwenza kube usizo ekwelapheni i-glaucoma. Ngesifo sokuwa, umuthi ushintsha ukuphuma kukagesi okungavamile kuma-neuron, usize ukulawula ukuquleka.

Ngingathatha I-Acetazolamide Ngeminye Imithi?

I-Acetazolamide ingaxhumana neminye imithi eminingi, okuhlanganisa: 

• aspirin
• I-Cyclosporine
• I-Dextroamphetamine
• Izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela
• Lithium
• I-Memantine
• I-Methenamine
• Ama-NSAID afana ne-ibuprofen, naproxen
• I-Orlistat
• Phenytoin
• I-Primidone
• I-Quinidine
• Imithi yokwelapha efana ne-topiramate

Ukwengeza, i-acetazolamide ingaphazamisa ukuhlolwa okuthile kwelebhu, okungase kubangele imiphumela engamanga. Ngaso sonke isikhathi wazisa abasebenzi baselebhu kanye nodokotela bakho mayelana nokusebenzisa kwakho lo muthi ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela yokuhlolwa enembile.

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo we-acetazolamide uyahlukahluka futhi uncike esimweni eselashwayo. 

Ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo eqinile, abantu abadala ngokuvamile baqala ngo-250 kuya ku-375 mg kanye ngosuku ekuseni. 

Ukuze ulawule i-edema ebangelwa eminye imithi, odokotela banquma amamiligremu angu-250 kuya kwangu-375 kanye ngosuku usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, phakathi nosuku lokuphumula.

Abantu abadala bathatha i-500 kuya ku-1000 mg ngemithamo ehlukanisiwe yokuvimbela ukugula kwezintaba, kusukela emahoreni angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngaphambi kokukhuphuka nokuqhubeka amahora angu-48 endaweni ephakeme. 

Ekwelashweni kwe-glaucoma evulekile, umthamo wokuqala ngu-250 mg nsuku zonke, ongashintshwa ube yi-1 gm nsuku zonke.

Ngokuquleka, umthamo ususelwa esisindweni somzimba, esisuka ku-8 kuye ku-30 ​​mg ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba, esithathwe ngemithamo ehlukanisiwe. Abantu abadala ngokuvamile baqala ngo-250 mg kanye ngosuku uma besetshenziswa namanye ama-anticonvulsants.

Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho kahle, njengoba ingase ilungise imithamo yakho ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho kanye nezimpendulo zomuthi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma ukhohlwa ukuphuza i-acetazolamide, yithathe ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Uma ususeduze nesikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe, yeqa ogejiwe futhi uqhubeke nokudosa kwakho okujwayelekile. Ungathathi umthamo ophindwe kabili ukuze wenze ithebhulethi eyakhohliwe.

2. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

Uma kwenzeka ukweqisa, thintana nodokotela wakho owelaphayo ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze. Thatha noma yimaphi amaphilisi asele kanye nokupakishwa kwawo ukuze abasebenzi bezokwelapha bakwazi ukuhlonza lokho okuphuzile.

3. Yini okufanele uyigweme lapho uthatha i-acetazolamide?

Gwema utshwala nensangu, ngoba zingakhula isiyezi kanye nokozela. Ungashayeli noma usebenzise imishini uze uqiniseke ukuthi ungakwenza ngokuphepha. Qaphela lapho usukuma ngokushesha ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuquleka.

4. Ingabe i-acetazolamide iphephile?

I-Acetazolamide ngokuvamile iphephile uma ithathwa njengoba kushiwo. Nokho, kungase kubangele imiphumela engemihle futhi kuhlanganyele neminye imithi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi wazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimo ezivele zikhona kanye neminye imithi eqhubekayo.

5. Isidakamizwa i-acetazolamide sivame ukusetshenziselwa ini?

Ngokuvamile odokotela banikeza i-acetazolamide ukuze yelaphe i-glaucoma, isithuthwane, ukugula kokuphakama kwendawo, ukugcinwa koketshezi olungavamile, umfutho ophakeme wokungena enhliziyweni, kanye nohlobo oluthile lwesithuthwane.

6. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-acetazolamide?

Abantu abanenkinga enkulu yesibindi noma yezinso, ukwehluleka kwezindlala ze-suprarenal, noma i-hyperchloremic acidosis akufanele baphuze i-acetazolamide. Iphinde iphikiswe ezigulini ezine-cirrhosis ngenxa yengozi ye-hepatic encephalopathy.

7. Uyithatha nini i-acetazolamide?

Thatha i-acetazolamide njengoba uqondiswa udokotela wakho. Ukuze uvimbele ukugula kwe-altitude, qala amahora angu-24-48 ngaphambi kokukhuphuka futhi uqhubeke okungenani amahora angu-48 endaweni ephakeme.

8. Isetshenziselwa ini i-acetazolamide 250mg?

Ithebhulethi ye-Acetazolamide 250mg isiza ekwelapheni i-glaucoma, isithuthwane, kanye nesifo se-altitude. Kuyasiza futhi ekwelapheni ukugcinwa koketshezi kanye nokulawula umfutho ophakeme we-intracranial.

9. Ungakwazi yini ukuthatha i-acetazolamide isikhathi eside?

Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-acetazolamide kungaholela ekungalinganini kwe-electrolyte kanye ne-metabolic acidosis. Odokotela ngokuvamile batusa ukuqapha njalo kwe-serum electrolyte ezigulini ekwelapheni isikhathi eside.