I-acetylcysteine

I-acetylcysteine

I-Acetylcysteine ​​igqama njengenye yemithi eguquguqukayo kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwanamuhla. Lo muthi onamandla usebenza ngezinhloso eziningi, kusukela ekwelapheni izimo zokuphefumula kuya ekusebenzeni njengekhambi eliphuthumayo lezinhlobo ezithile zobuthi. Lo muthi uza ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi nezisombululo ezenzelwe izinjongo ezithile. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uchaza konke iziguli okudingeka zazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-acetylcysteine, kusukela emisebenzini yayo eyisisekelo kuya kuzinkombandlela ezifanele zokudosa kanye nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona.

Iyini i-Acetylcysteine?

I-Acetylcysteine ​​umuthi wokwenziwa osuselwa ku-amino acid yemvelo i-L-cysteine. Le nhlanganisela yemithi enamandla, eyavunywa yi-FDA ngo-1963, isebenza njengomuthi obalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwanamuhla. Isebenza njenge-ejenti ye-mucolytic esiza ukudiliza amafinyila aminyene ezimeni zokuphefumula futhi iyikhambi elibalulekile lokudlula ngokweqile kwe-acetaminophen.

Odokotela bawazisa kakhulu lesi sidakamizwa esinamandla sokulwa ne-antioxidant ngeqhaza laso elikabili ekunakekelweni kokuphefumula kanye nemithi ephuthumayo. Ikhono lomuthi lokunciphisa ukushuba kwamafinyila likwenza kube nenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinokuphazamiseka okungapheli kwe-bronchopulmonary, okuhlanganisa inyumoniya futhi i-bronchitis. Ukwengeza, indima yayo ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kwesibindi ngesikhathi sokudlula i-acetaminophen ikwenze kwaba umuthi obalulekile eminyangweni yezimo eziphuthumayo emhlabeni wonke.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Acetylcysteine

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-acetylcysteine ​​​​kuhlanganisa:

• Ukwelashwa kwezifo zokuphefumula ngamafinyila
• Ukulawulwa kwezimpawu ze-bronchitis engapheli
• Ukuvimbela ukuwa kwamaphaphu (atelectasis) ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwamafinyila
• Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwe-overdose ye-paracetamol
• Usizo lokulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwamaphaphu okuxilonga
• Ukusekela ekunakekelweni kwe-tracheostomy

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Acetylcysteine ​​Tablet

Inqubo yokuphatha eyisisekelo ihlanganisa ukuhlakaza ithebhulethi emanzini ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa. Ungalokothi ugwinye ithebhulethi ngokuphelele. Ukuze uthole umthamo ojwayelekile, iziguli kufanele:

• Chaza ithebhulethi eyodwa engxenyeni yengilazi yamanzi
• Govuza kuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele
• Phuza isixazululo phakathi namahora angu-2 wokulungiselela
• Thatha omunye umthamo uma ukuhlanza kwenzeka phakathi nehora elingu-1
• Sebenzisa ekuseni uma usukhulile noma unenkinga nge-mucus
• Qhubeka nokwelashwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela

Imiphumela emibi ye-Acetylcysteine ​​Tablet

Nakuba kungeyena wonke umuntu oba nemiphumela engemihle, iziguli kufanele ziqaphele ukusabela okungenzeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile.

• Imiphumela Emibi Evamile:
  • Isicanucanu esimaphakathi nokuphatheka kabi kwesisu
  • Ukuvota
  • Iphunga lomzimba elingemnandi
  • Ukukhwabanisa isikhumba
  • Umkhuhlane noma ikhala eligijimayo
  • Ukulala
  • Ukuqina kwesifuba
• Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu:
  • Ukungezwani nomzimba okukhulu (ukuluma, ukuqunjelwa, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuvuvukala kobuso/izindebe/ulimi/umphimbo)
  • Ukuhlanza okuqinile noma okuqhubekayo
  • Ukukhwehlela igazi
  • Umchamo omnyama noma indle enombala wobumba
  • Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo
  • Ubuhlungu besisu esingenhla
  • Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
  • Umbono ophundlekile
  • Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka

Ukuqapha

Ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha kudlala indima ebalulekile lapho uthatha amaphilisi e-acetylcysteine, futhi iziguli kufanele zilandele izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okuphephile nokusebenzayo. 

• Izimo Zesistimu: Iziguli ezinezimo ezithile zezokwelapha zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile lapho zisebenzisa i-acetylcysteine. Lezi zihlanganisa abantu abopha esiswini, i-oesophageal varices, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, noma isifo sezinso. 
• Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Okhulelwe noma ibele abantu ngabanye kufanele baqaphe ngokukhethekile. Nakuba i-acetylcysteine ​​ingase yamukeleke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengoba izifundo zezilwane zibonisa ingozi encane, iziguli kufanele zixoxe ngesimo sazo nodokotela. Imiphumela yomuthi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa ibele ihlala ingacacile, okuqinisekisa ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
• Isifuba Somoya: Iziguli ezinesifuba somoya zidinga ukuqashwa eduze lapho zisebenzisa i-acetylcysteine. Odokotela kufanele babheke izimpawu ze-bronchospasm, ezingase zidinge ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngama-bronchodilator. Uma izinkinga zokuphefumula ziba zimbi, ukwelashwa kufanele kuyekwe ngokushesha.
• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Imithi ingase ihlangane nezinye izidakamizwa, okuhlanganisa imithi kadokotela, imikhiqizo ethengiswa ngaphandle, amavithamini, nezithako zemithi. Iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo ngayo yonke imithi yamanje ukuvimbela ukusebenzisana okungase kube khona. 

Indlela Ithebhulethi ye-Acetylcysteine ​​​​esebenza ngayo

Umuthi usebenza ngezindlela eziningi ezibalulekile:

• Ukukhiqizwa Kwe-Antioxidant: Iguqula ibe yi-glutathione, i-antioxidant enamandla kakhulu emzimbeni
• Isenzo se-Mucolytic: Iphula izibopho zamafinyila, iyenze ibe ne-viscous encane
• Usekelo Lokukhipha Ubuthi: Isiza ukususa izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni
• I-Brain Chemistry Regulation: Ilawula amazinga e-glutamate ebuchosheni
• Imithelela elwa nokuvuvukala: Yehlisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wonke

Ngingathatha I-Acetylcysteine ​​Ngeminye Imithi?

Ngenkathi i-acetylcysteine ​​​​ikhombisa iphrofayili yokusebenzisana ephephile, izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha zihlala zidingekile lapho ihlanganiswa neminye imithi.

Odokotela kudingeka babuyekeze umlando ophelele wemithi yesiguli ngaphambi kokunikeza i-acetylcysteine. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi ethengwayo kanye nekadokotela, kanye nanoma yiziphi izithasiselo noma imikhiqizo yamakhambi. Okunye ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okujwayelekile yilokhu:

• Ama-antibiotics, kuhlanganise ne-azithromycin, i-chloramphenicol, ne-tetracycline
• I-Anticoagulant
• I-Chloroquine
• Imithi ye umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kokwelapha, i-acetylcysteine ​​​​ilandela lawa maphethini okudosa ajwayelekile:

Abantu abadala: 600-1200 mg ngosuku

Ezigulini ezinesisindo esiphakathi kuka-20-40 kg, odokotela bavame ukunikeza:

• Ilayisha umthamo: 150 mg/kg ku-diluent efanele
• Umthamo wesibili: 50 mg/kg amahora ama-4
• Umthamo wesithathu: 100 mg/kg amahora ama-16

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, njengokudlula umthamo we-acetaminophen, kuyasebenza amaphrothokholi ahlukene. Ukwelashwa kuhilela umthamo we-300 mg/kg, osetshenziswa ngemithamo emithathu ehlukene phakathi namahora angama-21. Odokotela baqapha ngokucophelela iziguli ngalesi sikhathi, belungisa ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni komtholampilo kanye namanani aselabhorethri.

Isiphetho

I-Acetylcysteine ​​​​imi njengomuthi omangalisayo osebenza izindima eziningi ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwanamuhla. Odokotela bathembele kulo muthi oguquguqukayo ukuze welaphe izimo zokuphefumula, ukuphatha ukweqisa kwe-acetaminophen, nokusekela izidingo ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha. Ikhono eliyingqayizivele lomuthi lokusebenza njenge-ejenti ye-mucolytic kanye ne-antioxidant enamandla liyenza ibe wusizo ezigulini ezinezinselele zezempilo ezihlukene, kusukela ku-bronchitis engapheli kuya ezimeni eziphuthumayo ezidinga ukungenelela ngokushesha.

Ukuphepha kwesiguli kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwemithi kuhlala kubalulekile lapho uthatha amaphilisi e-acetylcysteine. Odokotela kufanele bahlole ngokucophelela izidingo ezithile zesiguli ngasinye, izimo ezikhona, kanye nemithi yamanje ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Ukugadwa njalo kwezokwelapha kusiza ukuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle kuyilapho kunciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nemiphumela engemihle. Iziguli kufanele zilandele imiyalelo kadokotela wazo kahle futhi zibike ngokushesha noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile, zigcine ukukhulumisana okuvulekile kulo lonke uhambo lwazo lokwelashwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-acetylcysteine ​​iphephile?

I-acetylcysteine ​​ngokuvamile iphephile uma ithathwa njengoba kunqunywe odokotela. I-FDA igunyaze lo muthi ukuze usetshenziswe okuhlukahlukene, okubonisa iphrofayili yokuphepha esungulwe kahle. Imiphumela eminingi engemihle imnene futhi iyalawuleka ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

2. Ubani okufanele athathe i-acetylcysteine?

Iziguli ezinezimo zokuphefumula ezikhiqiza amafinyila aminyene zizuza kakhulu ku-acetylcysteine. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abane:

• I-bronchitis engapheli
• I-pneumonia
• I-cystic fibrosis
• Izinkinga zamaphaphu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa

3. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-acetylcysteine?

Iziguli ezinezimo ezithile kufanele zigweme i-acetylcysteine, kuhlanganise nalezo ezine:

• I-allergies eyaziwayo ye-acetylcysteine
• I-bronchospasm esebenzayo
• ezinzima ufuba
• Umlando wokungezwani komzimba okukhulu

4. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthatha i-acetylcysteine ​​nsuku zonke?

Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwe-acetylcysteine ​​​​kuphephile uma kunqunywe udokotela. Umthamo ojwayelekile wansuku zonke usukela ku-600-1200 mg, kuye ngesimo esiphathwayo.

5. Ngingathatha isikhathi esingakanani i-acetylcysteine?

Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa buhluka kuye ngesimo sezempilo. Iziguli eziningi zingasebenzisa i-acetylcysteine ​​ngokuphepha kuze kube amasonto ayi-12 ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela.

6. Ingabe i-acetylcysteine ​​ikwenza ulale?

Nakuba i-acetylcysteine ​​ingabangeli ngokuqondile ukozela, ezinye iziguli zingase zithole ukukhathala njengomphumela omubi. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yezinguquko kumfutho wegazi kunemiphumela eqondile yokulalisa.

7. Ingabe i-acetylcysteine ​​​​yehlisa ukukhwehlela?

I-Acetylcysteine ​​​​isiza ukunciphisa ukukhwehlela ngokunciphisa uketshezi lwamafinyila, okwenza kube lula ukusula emigudwini yomoya. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhwehleleni okukhiqizayo okunamafinyila.

8. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Acetylcysteine ​​​​ne-N-acetylcysteine?

La magama abhekisela kunhlanganisela efanayo. I-N-acetylcysteine ​​(NAC) igama lamakhemikhali elinembe kakhulu le-acetylcysteine.

9. Ingabe i-acetylcysteine ​​iphephile ezinso?

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-acetylcysteine ​​iphephile ekusebenzeni kwezinso futhi inganikeza izinzuzo zokuvikela ezimweni ezithile. Nokho, iziguli ezinesifo sezinso kufanele zithintane nodokotela wazo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

10. Ingabe i-acetylcysteine ​​ilungele amaphaphu?

I-Acetylcysteine ​​​​izuzisa impilo yamaphaphu ngokuphula amafinyila aminyene futhi inikeze isivikelo se-antioxidant. Isiza ukugcina imigudu yokuphefumula ecacile futhi isekela umsebenzi wokuphefumula jikelele.

11. Ingabe i-acetylcysteine ​​​​yokukhwehlela okomile noma okumanzi?

I-Acetylcysteine ​​​​isebenza kangcono ekukhwehleleni okumanzi, okukhiqizayo okunamafinyila. Akunconyelwe ukukhwehlela okomile njengoba kungase kwandise ukucasuka.

12. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthatha i-acetylcysteine ​​ngaphambi kokulala?

Ukuthatha i-acetylcysteine ​​ngaphambi kokulala kuyamukeleka, kodwa ukuphathwa kwasekuseni kuvame ukufakazela ukuthi kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhishweni kwe-mucus. Iziguli kufanele zilandele izincomo zesikhathi zikadokotela eziqondile.