I-Acyclovir

I-Acyclovir

I-Acyclovir ime njengesisekelo ekwelashweni ngezidambisigciwane. Lo muthi omangalisayo ube nomthelela omkhulu ekulawuleni izifo ze-herpes simplex virus, i-chickenpox, kanye shingles. Amaphilisi e-Acyclovir anikeza ukukhululeka ezigidini zabantu emhlabeni wonke, ekhulula izimpawu futhi asheshise izikhathi zokululama.

Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola umhlaba we-acyclovir. Sizophinde sihlole ukusetshenziswa kwayo, indlela yokuyithatha ngendlela efanele, kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Uzofunda mayelana nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile, ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni, nokusebenzisana kwawo neminye imithi. 

Iyini i-Acyclovir?

I-Acyclovir iyisidakamizwa esinamandla esilwa namagciwane esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Kungokwesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-synthetic nucleoside analogues. Odokotela banquma i-acyclovir ukuphatha izifo ezibangelwa izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane, ikakhulukazi lawo omndeni we-herpes.

Nakuba i-acyclovir iphatha ngempumelelo izimpawu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ayelaphi lezi zifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Amagciwane ayaqhubeka ehlala emzimbeni phakathi kokuqubuka kwezifo. Nokho, i-acyclovir ingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yalabo abathintwe yilezi zimo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Acyclovir

• Amaphilisi e-Acyclovir anethonya ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zegciwane. Okulandelayo ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-acyclovir:
• I-Acyclovir isiza ekwelapheni izilonda ezibandayo, ama-shingles, kanye nenkukhu ebangelwa yi-herpes simplex (HSV) kanye namagciwane e-herpes zoster. Nakuba i-acyclovir ingalaphi i-herpes, ikhulula izimpawu futhi inciphise isikhathi sokuphulukisa.
• I-Acyclovir isiza ukuphatha izitho zangasese i-herpes ukuqubuka nokuvimbela ukuphindeka 
• Le mithi ye-antiviral inciphisa ubuhlungu, isheshise ukuphulukiswa kwezilonda, futhi inciphise imvamisa yokuqubuka.
• Kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, i-acyclovir isiza ukuvikela igciwane ukuthi lingasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. 
• I-Acyclovir futhi yelapha i-eczema herpeticum kanye ne-leukoplakia enoboya bomlomo Iziguli ezine-HIV. 
• Nakuba i-acyclovir ivimbela igciwane le-herpes ekusakazeni emzimbeni, ingase ingavimbeli ukudluliselwa kwe-herpes yobulili kwabanye. 

Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Acyclovir Tablet

• Abantu kufanele baphuze amaphilisi e-acyclovir ngomlomo ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla njengoba udokotela wabo ebayala, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5 ngosuku. 
• Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uthatha le mithi kubalulekile ngaphandle uma uyalwe ngenye indlela. 
• Abantu kufanele baqale ukuthatha i-acyclovir ekuqaleni kokuqubuka kwesifo ukuze basebenze kahle. Umthamo uncike esimweni sesistimu, impendulo yokwelashwa, futhi, ezinganeni, isisindo sabo. 
• Ukuze kugcinwe amazinga ezempilo angaguquki emzimbeni, iziguli kufanele ziphuze i-acyclovir ngezikhathi ezihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo, okungcono ngezikhathi ezifanayo usuku ngalunye. 
• Kufanele baqhubeke nemithi kuze kube yilapho inani elinqunyiwe seliphelile, ngaphandle kokushintsha umthamo noma ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela.
• Umuntu ngamunye kufanele anyakazise ibhodlela kahle futhi asebenzise inkomishi yokulinganisa ekhethekile ukuze aqinisekise ukulinganisa okunembile uma usebenzisa ifomu eliwuketshezi.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Acyclovir

I-Acyclovir ingabangela imiphumela emibi kwabanye abantu. Abantu abaningi abayitholi imiphumela engemihle noma emincane kuphela. Imiphumela emibi evamile yamaphilisi e-acyclovir ihlanganisa: 

• Isihlungu esiswini
• Ukuphalaza, isifo sohudo
• isiyezi
• Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• ubuhlungu Joint
• Umbono uyashintsha

Nokho, eminye imiphumela engemihle ingaba yingozi, njenge: 

• Ukungezwani komzimba; izimpawu zingase zihlanganisa ukuqubuka, ukuqubuka, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukulimala noma ukopha okungajwayelekile
• Igazi emcimbini nokuchama kwehle
• Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-acyclovir ingabangela ukungezwani okukhulu okubizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis

Ukuqapha

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Labo abanezinkinga zezinso noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kufanele baxoxe ngomlando wabo wezokwelapha nodokotela wabo. 
• Gwema Umsebenzi Wocansi: I-Acyclovir ayikuvimbi ukudluliselwa kwe-herpes, ngakho-ke iziguli kufanele zigweme ukuya ocansini ngesikhathi sokuqubuka. Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu e-latex kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokutheleleka. 
• Ukuhambisa amanzi: Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokulimala kwezinso.
• Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele basebenzise i-acyclovir kuphela uma kunesidingo, futhi omama abancelisayo kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo. 
• Ukuvikelwa kwelanga: Imithi ingase ikhulise ukuzwela kwelanga, ngakho-ke abantu kufanele bagqoke izinto ezivimbela ilanga nezingubo zokuzivikela. 
• Gwema Utshwala: Abantu kufanele bakugweme ukuphuza utshwala njengoba uphuzo oludakayo lungenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni futhi senze imiphumela engemihle ibe mibi kakhulu. 
• Abantu Abadala: Abantu asebekhulile bangase bazwele kakhulu emiphumeleni engemihle, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zezinso kanye nokushintsha kwengqondo. 

Isebenza kanjani i-Acyclovir Tablet

I-Acyclovir, i-synthetic purine nucleoside analogue, isebenza ngokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-viral DNA nokuphindaphinda. Le ejenti ye-antiviral ihlose amagciwane athile, okuhlanganisa i-herpes simplex virus (HSV) izinhlobo 1 no-2 kanye ne-varicella-zoster virus. Lapho i-acyclovir ingena emzimbeni, iba nochungechunge lwezinguquko. Okokuqala, i-viral thymidine kinase iyiguqulela ku-acyclovir monophosphate. Khona-ke, ama-enzyme eselula aphinde ayiguqule ibe i-acyclovir triphosphate, uhlobo olusebenzayo lomuthi. Leli fomu linokuhambisana okuphezulu kwe-viral DNA polymerase kune-DNA polymerase yeselula. Izifaka ku-DNA yegciwane, ibangele ukuqedwa kweketango futhi ivimbele ukuhlangana okuqhubekayo. Kwezinye izimo, i-acyclovir triphosphate incintisana kakhulu ne-viral DNA polymerase kangangokuthi yenza i-enzyme, imise ngempumelelo ukuphindaphinda kwegciwane.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Acyclovir Neminye Imithi?

I-Acyclovir ingasebenzisana nemithi eminingana, okuhlanganisa:

• Abacavir 
• Abemaciclib
• IBupropion 
• Dichlorphenamide
• I-Foscarnet
• I-Fosphenytoin 
• Leflunomide
• Phenytoin 
• I-Teriflunomide
• I-Valproic Acid
• Warfarin

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Odokotela banikeza imithamo ye-acyclovir ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yesiguli, isisindo, nesimo esithile. 

Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu abane-herpes yobulili, umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-200 mg othathwa ngomlomo izikhathi ezinhlanu nsuku zonke izinsuku eziyishumi. Ukuvimbela ukuqubuka okuphindaphindekayo, iziguli zingathatha ama-200 kuya ku-400 mg izikhathi ezimbili kuya kweziyisihlanu ngosuku kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili.

Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-chickenpox, abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-88 bathatha i-800 mg izikhathi ezine nsuku zonke izinsuku ezinhlanu. Izingane ezingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-88 zithola umthamo osekelwe isisindo, ngokuvamile u-20 mg/kg wesisindo somzimba, kufika ku-800 mg, izikhathi ezine ngosuku izinsuku ezinhlanu.

Ukwelapha ama-shingles, abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu ngokuvamile bathatha ama-800 mg ngomlomo izikhathi ezinhlanu ngosuku izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi. 

Nge-herpes simplex encephalitis, umthamo onconywayo ngu-10 mg/kg ngokufakwa emithanjeni njalo emahoreni ayisishiyagalombili izinsuku eziyishumi kuya kwezingamashumi amabili nanye.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe i-acyclovir iyi-antibiotic noma i-steroid?

I-Acyclovir ayiyona i-antibiotic noma i-steroid. Ingokwesigaba semithi elwa namagciwane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-synthetic nucleoside analogues. Odokotela banquma i-acyclovir yokwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane athile, ikakhulukazi lawo omndeni we-herpes.

2. Isikhathi esingakanani sokuphuza i-acyclovir yenkukhu?

Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-chickenpox, abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-88 ngokuvamile bathatha i-800 mg izikhathi ezine nsuku zonke izinsuku ezinhlanu. Izingane ezingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-88 zithola umthamo osekelwe isisindo, ngokuvamile u-20 mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba, kuze kufike ku-800 mg, izikhathi ezine ngosuku izinsuku ezinhlanu.

3. Isetshenziselwa ini i-acyclovir ngokuyinhloko?

I-Acyclovir ngokuyinhloko yelapha izifo ze-herpes simplex virus, i-chickenpox, nama-shingles. Kuyasiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu futhi kusheshise ukuphola kwezilonda noma amabhamuza ahambisana nalezi zimo. Odokotela baphinde bayinqumele ukuphatha ukuqubuka kwe-herpes yangasese futhi ivimbele ukuphindaphinda.

4. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-acyclovir?

Abantu abangezwani ne-acyclovir noma i-valacyclovir akufanele bayithathe. Iziguli ezinezinkinga zezinso noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kudingeka zixoxe ngomlando wazo wezokwelapha nodokotela wazo. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele basebenzise i-acyclovir kuphela uma kunesidingo, futhi omama abancelisa ibele kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo.

5. Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-acyclovir izinsuku ezimbili?

Ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi umthamo omkhulu wokwelapha i-episodic nge-acyclovir we-herpes yesitho sangasese uyasebenza ngisho nalapho kusetshenziswa izinsuku ezimbili kuphela. Lolu hlobo lwemithi olufushane (800 mg olunikezwa ngomlomo kathathu ngosuku izinsuku ezimbili) lunciphise kakhulu ubude bezilonda, izimpawu, nokuchitheka kwegciwane.

6. Ingabe i-acyclovir iyingozi ezinso?

Nakuba i-acyclovir ngokuvamile ibekezelelwa kahle, i-nephrotoxicity enzima kuye kwabikwa kwezinye izimo. Ukulimala okunamandla kwezinso okulandela i-acyclovir kungakhula phakathi namahora angu-12-48 okuphathwa komuthi. Iziguli ezinesifo sezinso esivele zikhona noma eziphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni zisengozini enkulu. Umthamo ofanele kanye ne-hydration eyanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zezinso.

7. Ingabe kuphephile ukuphuza i-acyclovir nsuku zonke?

Yebo, i-acyclovir ingathathwa isikhathi eside. Kwezinye izimo, njenge-herpes yobulili ephindaphindayo, odokotela bangase banikeze i-oral acyclovir isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyishumi. Kodwa-ke, funa njalo isiqondiso kudokotela ukuze usetshenziswe isikhathi eside ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha nokuqapha imiphumela emibi engaba khona.