I-Albendazole

I-Albendazole

I-Albendazole, isidakamizwa esinamandla se-antiparasite, isithole ukunakwa ngokusebenza kwayo ekwelapheni okuhlukahlukene izikelemu. Lo muthi oguquguqukayo ungathinta zombili izimuncagazi zamathumbu nezicubu, okwenza kube ukukhetha kochwepheshe bezempilo emhlabeni wonke.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Albendazole kuhlukene, kusukela ekwelapheni izifo ezivamile zezikelemu kuya ekwelapheni izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlolisisa izinhlelo eziningi ze-albendazole, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwayo njengethebhulethi engu-400 mg. Sizohlola indlela yokusebenzisa amaphilisi e-albendazole ngendlela efanele, sixoxe ngemiphumela engemihle engaba khona, futhi sihlole nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile.

Yini i-Albendazole?

I-Albendazole iwumuthi obanzi we-anthelmintic oyingxenye yezidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-antihelmintics. Ikhono layo lokungena ezicutshini ezihlukene liyivumela ukuthi iqondise izimuncagazi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi komzimba, okuhlanganisa imisipha, ubuchopho, namehlo. Lo muthi, owethulwe ngo-1975 ukuze usetshenziswe ezilwaneni futhi wagunyazwa ukusetshenziswa abantu ngo-1982, unomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo ze-helminth.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Albendazole

I-albendazole ene-spectrum ebanzi ivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukukhomba izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikelemu ze-parasitic, njenge:

• I-Neurocysticercosis: Isifo esibi kakhulu sesimiso sezinzwa esibangelwa izikelemu zengulube.
• Isifo se-Cystic Hydatid: Lokhu kutheleleka, okubangelwa izikelemu zezinja, kuthinta isibindi, amaphaphu, kanye ne-peritoneum.
• Ukutheleleka Kwezikelemu: Lezi zifo zesikhunta esikhumbeni, izinwele, nezinzipho zisabela kahle ekwelashweni kwe-albendazole.
• Isifo sePinworm: Lesi sifo, esibangelwa i-Enterobius vermicularis, sithinta amathumbu kanye ne-rectum.
• Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Anthelmintic: I-Albendazole ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-trichinosis, i-hookworms, ne-strongyloidiasis.

Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Albendazole Tablets

Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamaphilisi e-albendazole kubalulekile ekwelapheni okuphumelelayo kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Iziguli kufanele zilandele imiyalelo kadokotela wazo ngokucophelela ukuze ziqinisekise imiphumela engcono kakhulu, njenge:

• Thatha amaphilisi e-albendazole ngomlomo ngokudla njengokuyalelwa ngudokotela, ngokuvamile kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Ukuthatha umuthi ngokudla, ikakhulukazi ukudla okunamafutha, kusiza umzimba ukuba umunce umuthi kangcono.
• Kulabo abanenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi, kuyenzeka ukuchoboza noma ukuhlafuna umthamo bese uwathatha namanzi.
• Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-albendazole njalo ukuze uthole inzuzo enkulu kuyo.
• Udokotela angase anikeze umjikelezo wokwelashwa kwezinye izimo, njengesifo se-hydatid. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuphuza umuthi kabili ngosuku ngokudla izinsuku ezingu-28, okulandelwa ikhefu lamasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuphinda umjikelezo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukumaka ikhalenda ngesikhumbuzo sokuthi kufanele uqale nini kabusha umuthi kungase kube usizo.
• Iziguli akufanele ziphuthelwe yinoma yimiphi imithamo. Uma uphuthelwe umthamo, thatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma cishe sekuyisikhathi somthamo olandelayo ohleliwe, yeqe futhi uqhubeke neshejuli yomthamo ojwayelekile.
• Qedela yonke inkambo yokwelashwa, ngisho noma izimpawu ziba ngcono ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Albendazole

I-Albendazole, njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ingabangela imiphumela engafuneki eceleni kwezinzuzo zayo ezihlosiwe. 

Imiphumela emibi evamile ye-albendazole ihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• I-nausea

Imiphumela engemihle engavamile umkhuhlane nokugodola.

Ukusabela okunzima kakhulu kwe-albendazole kufaka:

• Okumnyama, indle ephuzile
• Izinsini zokuphuza
• Igazi emchameni noma ezindle
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Isikhukhula
• Ukuchama kanzima
• Khomba amabala abomvu esikhumbeni
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Izigulane ezivuvukalayo
• Ukusuka okungavamile noma ukulimaza
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka

Kwezinye izimo, i-albendazole ingabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu, kuhlanganise:

• Amabhamuza, ukuxebuka, noma ukuxega kwesikhumba
• Umbono ophundlekile
• Izinkinga zesibindi
• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, okuhlanganisa isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo besisu, ukuhlanza
• Izimpawu ze-neurological, njengekhanda elibuhlungu, ukuthuthumela
• Ukuphendula kwe-allergen
• Ukuphelelwa amandla

Ukuqapha

Iziguli ezithatha i-albendazole kufanele ziqaphele futhi zilandele imihlahlandlela ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo, okufana nalokhu:

• Izinyathelo Zokukhulelwa: Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abahlela ukukhulelwa kufanele bazise udokotela wabo ngokushesha.
• Ingozi Yokutheleleka: Umuthi ungehlisa okwesikhashana ama-WBC kanye nezibalo zeplatelet, okwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka nokopha. Iziguli ezinomthamo wegazi eliphansi kufanele zigweme ukuthintana nabantu abanezifo futhi zifune ukungenelela ngokushesha kwezokwelapha ngezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengokushisa, ukugodola, noma ukukhwehlela.
• Ukunakekelwa Kwenhlanzeko: Qinisekisa ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngaphambi kokuthinta amehlo noma ikhala. Ukwengeza, qaphela kakhulu lapho usebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlanzeka kwamazinyo.
• Izimpawu zokuqapha: Iziguli ezilashelwa i-neurocysticercosis kufanele ziqaphele ukuthi i-albendazole ingandisa ingozi yokucindezela okuphakeme ekhanda noma ukuquleka. Kufanele babike ngokushesha noma yiziphi izimpawu ezihlobene nodokotela wabo.
• Izifo Zesibindi Nezinso: Iziguli ezinokukhubazeka kwesibindi noma izinso kufanele ziqaphele lapho zithatha i-albendazole, njengoba umuthi uhlanganiswa kulezi zitho. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwesibindi nezinso kungase kudingeke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Ukungabekezelelani kwe-Lactose: Abantu abanokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose kufanele baqaphele ukuthi i-albendazole iqukethe i-lactose, engathinta ukumuncwa nokusebenza kahle kwemithi.

Indlela I-Albendazole Tablets Asebenza ngayo

Umuthi usebenza ngokukhomba ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezimuncagazi kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo. I-Albendazole ibophezela endaweni ethile ku-tubulin, iphrotheni ebalulekile ekwakheni ama-microtubules kumaseli ezinambuzane. Lesi senzo esibophayo sivimbela i-polymerisation noma ukuhlangana kwe-tubulin kuma-microtubules, abalulekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yamaselula, okuhlanganisa nokuthatha i-glucose.

Ngenxa yalesi simiso, i-albendazole ibangela imiphumela eminingana eyingozi kuma-parasite:

• Ukuncipha kwamandla: Ikhono lama-parasite lokumunca i-glucose liyaphazamiseka, liqede ngokushesha izitolo zazo ze-glycogen.
• Ukulimala Kwesakhiwo: Ukulahleka kwama-microtubules e-cytoplasmic kubangela izinguquko eziwohlokayo embozweni yangaphandle yama-parasites namaseli amathumbu.
• Ukuphazamiseka kweMetabolic: Umuthi uthinta i-endoplasmic reticulum ye-parasite kanye ne-mitochondria, wehlise ikhono lazo lokukhiqiza i-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), imali yamandla yamaseli.

Le miphumela ehlanganisiwe ekugcineni iholela ekungakwazini ukuhamba nokufa kwezimuncagazi, kususe ngempumelelo ukutheleleka emzimbeni womsingathi.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Albendazole Ngeminye Imithi?

I-Albendazole isebenzisana nenani elikhulu lemithi, njenge:

• I-Acetaminophen
• aspirin
• Amalahle Asebenze
• I-Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine
• Amoxicillin
• I-Carbamazepine
• I-Ciprofloxacin
• I-Cimetidine
• I-diphenhydramine
• I-Furosemide
• I-Methotrexate
• I-Metronidazole
• Phenobarbital
• Phenytoin
• Rifampin
• Vitamin B complex
• Ijusi lamagilebhisi

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo we-albendazole uyahlukahluka futhi uncike esimweni sokwelashwa kanye nesisindo sesiguli.

Ngesifo se-hydatid samaphaphu, isibindi, ne-peritoneum, abantu abadala abanesisindo esingu-60 kg noma ngaphezulu bathatha ama-400 mg kabili ngosuku ngokudla izinsuku ezingama-28, kulandelwa ikhefu lezinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphandle kokuthatha umuthi imijikelezo emithathu.

Abantu abadala abanesisindo esingaphansi kwama-60 kg bathatha i-15 mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba nsuku zonke, bahlukaniswe ngemithamo emibili, ngokudla izinsuku ezingama-28. Umthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke ngu-800 mg.

Ekwelapheni i-neurocysticercosis, abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezinesisindo esingu-60 kg noma ngaphezulu bathatha ama-400 mg kabili ngosuku ngokudla izinsuku eziyi-8 kuye kwezingama-30. Kulabo abanesisindo esingaphansi kuka-60 kg, umthamo ngu-15 mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba nsuku zonke, ihlukaniswe ngemithamo emibili, ethathwe ngokudla izinsuku ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-30.

Kwezinye izifo ze-parasitic, umthamo kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa kuyehluka.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imithamo yezingane ivame ukuhluka kweyabadala. Isibonelo, ezifweni zepinworm, izingane ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwama-20 kg zithatha ama-200 mg njengomthamo owodwa, kanti ezinesisindo esingu-20 kg noma ngaphezulu zithatha ama-400 mg.

Iziguli kufanele zihlale zithatha i-albendazole kanye nokudla ukuze zithuthukise ukumuncwa.

Isiphetho

I-Albendazole igqame njengesikhali esinamandla ekulweni nezinhlobo eziningi zezifo ezinamagciwane, kusukela ku-neurocysticercosis kanye nesifo se-hydatid kuya ku-ringworm kanye nezibungu ezihlukahlukene. Indlela yayo eyingqayizivele yokwenza nokuguquguquka kuyenza ibe ithuluzi eliyigugu ekwelapheni lezi zimo, ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zeziguli eziningi emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba i-albendazole inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile, ukuyisebenzisa ngokucophelela kubalulekile. Iziguli kufanele zilandele imiyalelo kadokotela wazo eduze, ziqaphele imiphumela emibi, futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphephile nokusebenzayo.

FAQ sika

1. Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuphuza i-albendazole?

Odokotela batusa ukuthatha i-albendazole ngokudla, ikakhulukazi ukudla okunamafutha, ukusiza umzimba ukumunca umuthi kangcono. Ukuze kusebenze kahle, iziguli kufanele ziphuze lo muthi ngomlomo ngokudla njengoba ziqondiswa udokotela wazo, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-2 nsuku zonke.

2. Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-albendazole kanye kuphela?

Ukuvama kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-albendazole kuncike ekuthelelekeni kwe-parasitic ethize eselashwayo. Kwezinye izimo, umthamo owodwa ungase wanele. Kodwa-ke, ezifweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nesifo se-hydatid noma i-neurocysticercosis, odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza izifundo zokwelashwa ezinde, ngokuvamile ezibandakanya imithamo eminingi phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto.

3. Isebenza ngokushesha kangakanani i-albendazole?

Ijubane i-albendazole esebenza ngalo liyahlukahluka futhi lincike ohlotsheni lwe-parasitic infection kanye nokusabela komuntu ekwelashweni. I-Albendazole iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngokuvimbela izikelemu ekumunceni ushukela (glucose), okuzenza ziphelelwe amandla futhi zife. Nokho, iziguli zingase zingakuboni ukukhululeka kwezimpawu ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukuqeda yonke inkambo ebekiwe yomuthi, noma ngabe izimpawu zinyamalala ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukumisa imithi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungase kubangele ukubuya kokutheleleka.

4. Iyini iminyaka yobudala ye-albendazole?

I-Albendazole isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izifo ze-parasitic emaqenjini eminyaka ahlukene. Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2-18 ubudala, odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza umthamo owodwa we-400 mg ezimeni ezifana ne-whipworm, threadworm, hookworm, ne-ascariasis. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa i-albendazole ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili kungase kudinge ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile, futhi umthamo uvame ukulungiswa ngokusekelwe kwesisindo somntwana.

5. Yini ongayidli ngemva kokuthatha i-albendazole?

Nakuba ingekho imingcele ethile yokudla ngemva kokuthatha i-albendazole, iziguli kufanele zigweme ukudla amagilebhisi noma ukuphuza ijusi yamagilebhisi ngenkathi zisebenzisa le mithi. I-Grapefruit ingakhuphula amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle ngalo muthi. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuthi i-albendazole ingase ibangele izinkinga zesibindi, kuyatuseka ukugwema noma ukunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi.

6. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthatha i-albendazole ngaphambi kokulala?

Nakuba abanye odokotela bangase batusa ukuthatha i-albendazole amahora angu-2 ngemva kokudla ebusuku, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana nesikhathi nokuthatha imithi ngokudla. Isihluthulelo siwukugcina isimiso somthamo ovamile futhi uphuze imithi ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku nosuku ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo.

7. Ingabe ithebhulethi ye-Albendazole iyi-antibiotic?

I-Albendazole ayiyona i-antibiotic. Ihlukaniswa njengemithi elwa namagciwane noma i-anthelmintic futhi isebenza ngokusobala ngokumelene nochungechunge olubanzi lwezibungu ze-parasitic (helminths). Kuphazamisa ikhono lezimuncagazi lokumunca imisoco, okuholela ekufeni kwazo, kwenze kube ngempumelelo ekwelapheni izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane.