I-Allopurinol

I-Allopurinol

I-Allopurinol isidakamizwa esinamandla odokotela abavame ukusinikeza ukusiza ukuphatha i-gout kanye namazinga aphezulu e-uric acid. Lo muthi usebenza ngokwehlisa inani le i-uric acid emzimbeni futhi uguqule indlela abantu ababhekana ngayo nokuhlaselwa yi-gout kanye ezinso. I-Allopurinol inomthelela endleleni umzimba owenza ngayo i-uric acid, okuyenza ibe ngumdlali obalulekile ekwelapheni lezi zimo ezibuhlungu.

Lesi sihloko sizogxila ekutheni iyini i-allopurinol nokuthi isebenza kanjani. Sizobheka ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwethebhulethi ye-allopurinol, indlela eyiyo yokuyithatha, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona okufanele uyiqaphele. Abafundi bazofunda nangomthamo ojwayelekile we-allopurinol nokuthi ungawuthatha kanjani ngokuphepha. 

Iyini i-Allopurinol?

I-Allopurinol umuthi onamandla osesigabeni sezidakamizwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Kuthinta ukukhiqizwa komzimba kwe-uric acid, engabangela i-gout nezinso uma amazinga aphezulu kakhulu. Isebenza ngokwehlisa inani le-urate egazini, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-urate-lowing therapy (ULT). 

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Allopurinol Tablet

I-Allopurinol inomthelela omkhulu ekulawuleni izimo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene namazinga aphezulu e-uric acid, okuhlanganisa: 

• Odokotela bavame ukunikeza i-allopurinol 100mg yokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside nokuvimbela i-gout, uhlobo lwesifo samathambo lapho ukwakheka kwe-uric acid kwenzeka emalungeni, okubangela ukuhlaselwa kungazelelwe kobuhlungu nokuvuvukala. I-Allopurinol ingavimbela ukuhlasela kwe-gout ukuthi ingenzeki futhi isize ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamalunga uma ithathwa njalo. 
• Lo muthi uyasiza futhi ekwelapheni amazinga aphezulu e-uric acid kubantu abanomdlavuza othile imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. 
• Odokotela banquma i-allopurinol ukuphatha amatshe ezinso aphindelelayo kubantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-uric acid emchameni wabo. 

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Allopurinol Tablets

• I-Allopurinol ithathwa njengethebhulethi kanye ngosuku, okungcono ngemva kokudla, ukunciphisa ukucasuka kwesisu. 
• Geza ithebhulethi ngamanzi futhi uhlose ukuyiphuza ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. 
• Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke kubalulekile, njengoba lokhu kusiza umzimba wakho ukhiphe i-urate eyengeziwe ngezinso zakho. 
• Odokotela bazoqapha amazinga akho e-urate nge ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo emavikini angu-2-4 futhi ingase ilungise umthamo wakho ngokufanele. 
• Khumbula ukuthi i-allopurinol ayilaphi ubuhlungu be-gout ngokushesha kodwa iyisixazululo sesikhathi eside sokulawula amazinga e-urate. 
• Kufanele uqhubeke uthatha i-allopurinol ngisho noma uhlaselwa yi-gout ekuqaleni noma uma kubonakala kungasizi ngaso leso sikhathi. Udokotela wakho angase atuse imithi eyengeziwe yokulawula ukuhlasela kwe-gout phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa.
• Gcina amaphilisi e-allopurinol ebhokisini elivaliwe ekamelweni lokushisa.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Allopurinol Tablet

I-Allopurinol ingabangela imiphumela engemihle, nakuba abantu abaningi bengenayo noma imiphumela emincane kuphela. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa: 

• Ukuzizwa noma ukugula
• Uhudo
• Ukuphuza isikhumba
• Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa kokwehlisa i-urate, ukuqubuka kwe-gouty acute kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokungaqini kahle kwe-intra-articular uric acid microtophi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingaba yivelakancane futhi ingase ihlanganise: 

• Izinkinga zesibindi njengokuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo onombala omnyama, indle enombala okhanyayo, ukulunywa, noma ukukhathala okungajwayelekile
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi
• Izinkinga zezinso, njengokuphuma komchamo omncane, ukukhathala okungajwayelekile, nokuvuvukala ezinyaweni, emaqakaleni, noma emilenzeni
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu, njengomkhuhlane, ama-lymph node avuvukile, ukucinana komphimbo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuvuvukala ebusweni, emehlweni, ezindebeni, emlonyeni, olimini noma emphinjeni
• I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome (eyivelakancane), ebangela izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane okulandelwa ukuqubuka kwamabhamuza 
• I-Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), ebangela ukuqubuka okubomvu okubuhlungu noma amabhamuza esikhumbeni, emlonyeni, ekhaleni nasezithweni zangasese.

Ukuqapha

• Umlando Wemithi: Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-allopurinol, yazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba kulo muthi noma ezinye izidakamizwa, kanye nayo yonke imithi eqhubekayo, amavithamini, nezithako zemithi. 
• Izimo Zezokwelapha: Abantu kufanele batshele udokotela wabo uma benesifo sesibindi, izinkinga zezinso, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, noma izinkinga zegilo. 
• Ubuhlanga: Abantu bomdabu wase-Han Chinese, Thai, noma Korean bathambekele ekubeni nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yalo muthi.
• Ukumisa: I-Allopurinol ingadlula obisini, ngakho-ke abesifazane abancelisayo kufanele bazise udokotela wabo.
• Isiyezi: I-Allopurinol ingabangela isiyezi noma ukozela, ngakho gwema ukushayela imoto uma uhlangabezana nale miphumela. 
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-Gout: Ukuqala i-allopurinol kungase kubangele ukuhlaselwa yi-gout ekuqaleni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqhubeka uthatha umuthi njengoba uyaliwe. Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi eyengeziwe ukuze unciphise ingozi yalokhu kuhlaselwa. 

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Allopurinol

I-Allopurinol ithinta ukukhiqizwa komzimba kwe-uric acid ngokuvimbela i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-xanthine oxidase. Le enzyme iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuguquleni i-hypoxanthine ibe yi-xanthine bese iba yi-uric acid. Ngokumisa le nqubo, i-allopurinol yehlisa inani le-urate egazini, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-urate-lowing therapy (ULT). Lapho amazinga e-urate ehla, amakristalu amasha ayayeka ukwakheka, futhi amakristalu akhona ancibilika kancane. Le nqubo ingathatha iminyaka embalwa, lapho ungase usahlaselwa yi-gout. Kodwa-ke, uma wonke amakristalu ehlakazeka, ngeke kube khona ukulimala okuhlangene noma ukuhlaselwa kwegout ngenxa yalawa makristalu inqobo nje uma uqhubeka nokuthatha i-allopurinol. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-allopurinol ayilaphi ubuhlungu be-gout ngokushesha kodwa iyisixazululo sesikhathi eside sokulawula amazinga e-urate.

Ngingathatha I-Allopurinol Neminye Imithi?

I-Allopurinol ingasebenzisana nemithi eminingana, njenge:

• Ama-ACE inhibitors
• Amoxicillin
• I-Ampicillin
• aspirin
• I-Azathioprine
• Imithi yomdlavuza
• I-Cyclosporine
• I-Furosemide
• Ama-antibiotics e-penicillin 
• I-Probenecid
• Theophylline
• Thiazide diuretics 
• Warfarin

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo wokuqala we-allopurinol wokwelapha i-gout ngu-100 mg ngosuku. Odokotela bakwandisa kancane kancane lokhu ngama-milligram ayi-100 njalo emasontweni amabili kuya kwamahlanu kuze kube yilapho izinga le-uric acid elihlosiwe lifinyelelwa. 

Ezigulini ezinezinkinga zezinso, umthamo wokuqala uphansi ngo-50 mg nsuku zonke, ukhuphuke ngo-50 mg njalo emavikini ama-2 kuya kwayi-5. 

Ukuvimbela i-tumor lysis syndrome, umthamo wokuqala we-allopurinol yizinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi uyaqhubeka izinsuku ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-7 ngemuva kwalokho. Umthamo walokhu kusetshenziswa ngu-300 mg/m² nsuku zonke ngemithamo emithathu ehlukanisiwe, kufika ku-800 mg nsuku zonke.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma ukhohlwa ukuphuza i-allopurinol, yithathe ngokushesha nje uma ukhumbula ngaphandle uma sekusondele isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kuleso simo, yeqa okugejiwe bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ngesikhathi esijwayelekile. 

2. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

Uma uthatha ngaphezu komthamo wakho owunqunyiwe we-allopurinol futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nalezi isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, isiyezi, ukukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma ubuhlungu besisu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Hamba ku-A&E uma kunesidingo futhi uphathe iphakethe le-allopurinol, noma yimuphi umuthi osele, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyiphuzayo.

3. Yini okufanele uyigweme lapho uthatha i-allopurinol?

Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile ngenkathi uthatha i-allopurinol, ngoba ingakhuphula izinga le-urate egazini futhi ibangele ukuhlaselwa yi-gout. Qaphela lapho ushayela imoto, njengoba i-allopurinol ingase ibangele ukozela noma isiyezi kwabanye abantu. Xoxa nganoma yimiphi imithi emisha nodokotela wakho owelaphayo ngaphambi kokuyiqala, njengoba i-allopurinol ingasebenzisana nemithi ethile.

4. Ingabe i-allopurinol iphephile?

I-Allopurinol ngokuvamile iphephile uma ithathwa njengoba kushiwo. Nokho, kungabangela imiphumela emibi kwabanye abantu. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa ukuqubuka, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukozela, isiyezi, isicanucanu, nokushintsha kokunambitha. Hlala ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho futhi ubike noma yiziphi izimpawu eziphathelene nezimpawu ngokushesha.

5. Yini i-allopurinol evame ukusetshenziselwa yona?

I-Allopurinol isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside nokuvimbela i-gout. Isebenza ngokunciphisa amazinga e-urate egazini, okusiza ukumisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-gout nokuvimbela ukulimala kwamalunga. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu e-uric acid ezinhlotsheni ezithile zeziguli ezinomdlavuza ezilashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokuvimbela amatshe ezinso aphindelelayo kubantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-uric acid womchamo.

6. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-allopurinol?

I-Allopurinol ingase ingafaneli wonke umuntu. Abantu abaye baba nokungezwani komzimba ne-allopurinol ngaphambili akufanele bayithathe. Labo bomdabu wase-Han Chinese, Thai, noma Korean bangadinga ukuhlolwa kofuzo ngaphambi kokuqala i-allopurinol ngenxa yamathuba aphezulu okuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Iziguli ezinezinkinga zesibindi noma zezinso zingadinga ukulungiswa komthamo. 

7. Kungani i-allopurinol ithathwa ebusuku?

Asikho isincomo esithile sokuthatha i-allopurinol ebusuku. Ithathwa kanye ngosuku, futhi isikhathi sosuku asithinti kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bakuthole kukulungele ukuyithatha ebusuku njengengxenye yendlela yabo yokulala. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyithatha ngokungaguquki ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.

8. Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-allopurinol zonke izinsuku?

Odokotela bavame ukunikeza i-allopurinol ukuthi iphuzwe nsuku zonke. Ukuyithatha zonke izinsuku kungase kungagcini amazinga e-uric acid egazini lakho, okunganciphisa ukusebenza kwayo ekuvimbeleni ukuhlasela kwe-gout. Hlala ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nomthamo we-allopurinol kanye nemvamisa. 

9. Ingabe i-allopurinol iyingozi ezinso?

Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, i-allopurinol ayinabungozi ezinso. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-allopurinol ingasiza ekubambezeleni ukuqhubeka kwesifo sezinso kwezinye iziguli. Ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ezigulini ezinezinkinga zezinso, nakuba umthamo ungadinga ukulungiswa. 

10. Ingabe i-colchicine ne-allopurinol ziyefana?

Cha, i-colchicine ne-allopurinol imithi ehlukene esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-gout. I-Colchicine isiza ekwelapheni i-gout eyingozi futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-allopurinol iyindlela yokwelapha yesikhathi eside eyehlisa amazinga e-uric acid ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwegout. Zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukene zokulawula i-gout.

11. Ungamisa nini i-allopurinol?

I-Allopurinol ngokuvamile iyindlela yokwelapha yesikhathi eside; akufanele uyeke ukuyithatha ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Ngokungazelelwe, ukuyeka i-allopurinol kungase kubangele ukuhlaselwa yi-gout. Yeka kuphela ukuthatha i-allopurinol uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka ukuba wenze kanjalo.