I-Ambroxol

I-Ambroxol

I-Ambroxol igqama njengomuthi onqunyelwe kabanzi osiza ukusula amafinyila emgudwini womoya futhi enze ukuphefumula kube lula. Lo muthi udlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula futhi unikeza impumuzo ezigulini ezibhekene nokuminyana. Le ndatshana ichaza yonke into mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-ambroxol, umthamo ofanelekile we-ambroxol, imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, nolwazi olubalulekile lokuphepha ukusiza abafundi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa kwabo.

Iyini i-Ambroxol?

I-Ambroxol umuthi okhethekile ophula amafinyila ashubile emgudwini wokuphefumula. Yaqala ukwethulwa ngo-1979, isebenza njengesithako esisebenzayo emithini eminingana eyaziwayo yokukhwehlela nokuminyana. Lo muthi ungowesigaba sezidakamizwa ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-mucoactive agents, asiza ukubuyisela ukuphefumula okuvamile ngokususa imigudu yokuphefumula.

Umuthi utholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zesiguli ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi, isiraphu, ama-pastilles, amasaka empushana eyomile, izixazululo zokuhogela, amaconsi, namaphilisi asebenza kahle. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuvumela odokotela kanye nama-pulmonologists ukuthi banikeze ifomu elifanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zesiguli ngasinye kanye nezimo ezithile zokuphefumula.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Ambroxol

Ukusetshenziswa kokwelapha kwamaphilisi e-ambroxol kunwebeka kuzo zonke izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamafinyila ngokweqile kubangela inselele. Amaphilisi e-Ambroxol aphatha ngempumelelo izimo ezimbalwa zokuphefumula:

• Izifo Eziphuthumayo Zokuvimbela Izifo (COPD): Isiza ukuphatha ukukhiqizwa kwamafinyila ngokweqile futhi ithuthukise ukucaciswa
• I-bronchitis: Yelapha kokubili izinhlobo ezinzima nezingamahlalakhona ngokunciphisa ukujiya kwamafinyila
• I-asthma ye-Bronchial: Isiza ekususeni i-phlegm ewugqinsi futhi ithuthukise ukuphefumula
• I-pneumonia: I-Aids ekususweni kwamafinyila ngesikhathi sebhaktheriya noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane
• I-Bronchiectasis: Isiza ukulawula ukwakheka kwamafinyila ngokweqile okwenza amaphaphu athambekele ekuthelelekeni
• I-Tracheobronchitis: Ikhulula ukuvuvukala kwe-trachea futhi inciphise isikhwehlela esiwugqinsi

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Ambroxol

Ukuphathwa kahle kwamaphilisi e-ambroxol kuqinisekisa izinzuzo ezilungile zokwelapha. Abantu kufanele baphuze umuthi ngomlomo ngamanzi ukuze banciphise ukungaphatheki kahle kwesisu, okungcono ngemva kokudla. Ukuqala kwesenzo ngokuvamile kuqala phakathi nemizuzu engama-30 yokuthatha ithebhulethi.

Abantu kufanele bathathe umthamo ngokushesha nje lapho bekhumbula uma umthamo weqiwe. Ungalokothi wenze umthamo ophindwe kabili ukuze unxephezele ogejiwe.

Ngokubambelela ngokuqinile emithini, iziguli zingakwazi:

• Setha izikhumbuzi zansuku zonke noma ama-alamu
• Thatha imithi ngezikhathi ezimisiwe
• Gcina umbhalo walokho imithamo usebenzisa idayari yemithi
• Gcina amaphilisi ekamelweni lokushisa kude nelanga eliqondile

Abantu akufanele basebenzise lo muthi isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-7 ngaphandle kokuqondiswa udokotela. Ukubonana nodokotela kubalulekile uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi ngemva kokusetshenziswa njalo.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Ambroxol Tablet

Imiphumela engemihle evamile iziguli ezingase zibe nayo ihlanganisa:

• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Ukungaphatheki kahle kwamathumbu
• Umlomo omile noma umphimbo
• Uhudo
• Isisu sithukuthele
• Iziphazamiso zokunambitha
• Ukushisa isikhumba esincane
• Iphutha le-Runny

Yize kungavamile, ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nokungezwani okukhulu ne-ambroxol. Lokhu kusabela kudinga ukunakwa ngokushesha uma izimpawu ezinjengokuqubuka okukhulu kwesikhumba, ukuvuvukala kobuso, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma isiyezi. Izimo ezibucayi njenge-Stevens-Johnson syndrome kanye ne-Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ziye zabikwa ezimweni ezingavamile.

Ukuqapha

• Izimo Zezokwelapha: Iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo ngezimo zezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa kwe-ambroxol. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka kulabo abana:
  • Izilonda zesisu noma izinkinga zesisu
  • Izimo zesibindi
  • Ukukhubazeka kwezinso
  • Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yomzimba
  • I-pneumonia
  • Izimo zamaphaphu ezihlala njalo njenge-COPD
• Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagweme i-ambroxol, ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yokuqala. Abesifazane abancelisa ibele kufanele futhi baqaphele njengoba umuthi udlulela obisini lwebele. 
• Imihlahlandlela eqondene nobudala: Izingane zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile lapho zithatha amaphilisi e-ambroxol:
  • Akunconyelwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 (ifomu lethebhulethi elingu-30mg)
  • Ifomu lesiraphu (15mg/5ml) alilungele izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2
  • Konke ukusetshenziswa kwezingane kudinga ukugadwa kwezokwelapha

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Ambroxol

Umuthi ngokuyinhloko usebenza njenge-ejenti ye-mucolytic, okusho ukuthi iphula futhi inciphise amafinyila asemigwaqweni yokuphefumula, okwenza kube lula ukudlula. ukukhwehlela.

Lapho isiguli sithatha ithebhulethi ye-ambroxol, umuthi uqala ukusebenza phakathi nemizuzu engama-30. Iqondisa ngokucacile imicu ye-asidi ye-mucopolysaccharide ku-mucus, iwaphule ukuze kuncishiswe i-viscosity. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokwelashwa, igcina isimo esinciphile se-mucus ngisho nalapho umthamo wonke wehla.

Amathebulethi e-Ambroxol asebenza ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Ishukumisa ama-pneumocyte ohlobo lwe-II ukuze akhiqize futhi akhulule i-surfactant
• Yehlisa ukunamathela kwamafinyila ezindongeni zebronchi
• Ithuthukisa ukuthuthwa kwamafinyila ngemigudu yomoya
• Ivikela ezifweni nasezintweni ezicasulayo
• Ivimbela ukusebenza okungancikile kwe-guanylate cyclase

Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-Ambroxol Neminye Imithi?

Amaphilisi e-Ambroxol akhombisa ukusebenzisana okubalulekile nezinhlobo ezimbalwa zemithi. Ukuxhumana okuphawuleka kakhulu kwenzeka nge:

• Ama-antibiotics, njenge-amoxicillin, i-cefuroxime, i-erythromycin
• Izicindezelo zokukhwehlela eziqukethe i-codeine
• Imithi ethile engandisa ingozi ye-methemoglobinemia
• Eminye imithi yokuphefumula

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Odokotela banquma umthamo ofanele ngokusekelwe ezicini zesiguli ngasinye kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu.

Umthamo Ojwayelekile Ngeqembu Leminyaka:

• Abantu abadala: 30-120 mg nsuku zonke, ihlukaniswe ngemithamo emi-2-3
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5: Ithisipuni elilodwa lesiraphu izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku
• Izingane ezineminyaka engu-2-5: Ingxenye yethisipuni yesiraphu kathathu ngosuku
• Izingane ezifika eminyakeni emi-2: Uhhafu wethisipuni kabili ngosuku
• Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-6: 0.5 ml njalo emahoreni ayi-12
• Izingane 7-12 izinyanga: 1 ml njalo emahoreni ayi-12

Isiphetho

Amaphilisi e-Ambroxol anikeza ukukhululeka okuthembekile kubantu abanenkinga yokuphefumula. Umuthi uphula ngempumelelo amafinyila aminyene, okwenza ukuphefumula kube lula ezigulini ezineCOPD, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, nesifuba somoya. Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lubonisa ukusebenza kwayo ngezindlela eziningi, ikakhulukazi amandla ayo okwenza amafinyila abe mncane futhi akhulise ukukhiqizwa kwe-surfactant, okusiza ukuvikela imigudu yomoya ekucasukeni nasekuthelelekeni.

Iziguli zidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela kuzinkombandlela zomthamo kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona lapho uthatha i-ambroxol. Ukuxhumana okuvamile nodokotela kuqinisekisa imiphumela yokwelashwa ephephile futhi ephumelelayo, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa eminye imithi. Irekhodi eliqinisekisiwe lendlela yokwelapha kusukela ngo-1979 libonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekunakekelweni kokuphefumula, nakuba ukugadwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kusalokhu kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-Ambroxol iphephile ukuyisebenzisa?

Ucwaningo lomtholampilo lubonise ukuthi i-ambroxol ikhombisa iphrofayili yokuphepha evumayo lapho isetshenziswa njengokuyaliwe. Umuthi ubekezelelwa kahle iziguli eziningi, okuhlanganisa izingane kanye nabantu asebekhulile. Kodwa-ke, iziguli kufanele zilandele imithamo enqunyiwe futhi zazise udokotela wazo nganoma yiziphi izimo ezikhona zesistimu.

2. Yimuphi umphumela ovame kakhulu we-ambroxol?

Izinkinga zesisu yimiphumela emibi ebikwa kaningi ye-ambroxol. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:

• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Ukukhathazeka kwesisu
• Umlomo omile
• Ukusabela kwesikhumba okuthambile
• Ukunambitheka kwesikhashana kuyashintsha

3. Ubani okufanele agweme i-ambroxol?

Iziguli ezine-hypersensitivity eyaziwayo ku-ambroxol akufanele zisebenzise lo muthi. Umuthi awunconyelwe:

• abesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yokuqala
• Omama abahlengikazi
• Iziguli ezinezinkinga ezinzima zesibindi
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 (ifomu lethebhulethi elingu-30mg)
• Abantu abanezilonda zesisu

4. Ingabe i-ambroxol iphephile ezinso?

Iziguli ezinesifo sezinso kufanele ziqaphele lapho zithatha i-ambroxol. Umuthi udinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile ezimeni zokukhubazeka kwezinso, njengoba kungase kuholele ekuqongeleleni emzimbeni. Odokotela bangase balungise imithamo yeziguli ezinezimo zezinso.

5. Zingaki izinsuku uthatha ambroxol?

Isikhathi esinconyiwe sokwelashwa kwe-ambroxol ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-7-10. Iziguli akufanele ziqhubeke nokwelashwa ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-7 ngaphandle kokuqondiswa udokotela. Ukubonana nodokotela kubalulekile uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi ngemva kwalesi sikhathi.

6. Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-salbutamol ne-ambroxol ndawonye?

I-Salbutamol ne-ambroxol ingathathwa ndawonye uma inqunywe udokotela. Le nhlanganisela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimo zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ekwelashweni kwesifuba somoya kanye ne-COPD. Nokho, iziguli kufanele ziqaphe imiphumela engemihle njengokunyuka kwenhliziyo, ukundindizela, noma isiyezi lapho zisebenzisa yomibili imithi.