I-Amitriptyline

I-Amitriptyline

I-Amitriptyline umuthi ongokwesigaba sezidakamizwa ezibizwa nge-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). I-Amitriptyline isebenza ngokuthinta amazinga amakhemikhali athile ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi, i-serotonin ne-norepinephrine, ehilelekile ekulawuleni isimo sengqondo. Ngokwandisa amazinga alawa makhemikhali, i-Amitriptyline ingathuthukisa imizwa futhi ukunciphisa imizwa yokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka. I-Amitriptyline iphinde iphathe izimo ezibuhlungu ezingapheli, njengobuhlungu be-neuropathic, i-migraines, ne-fibromyalgia.

Isenzo esikabili se-Amitriptyline ekubonweni kwemizwa nobuhlungu sigcizelela ukuguquguquka kwayo ekwelapheni izimo zombili izingxenye ezingokomzwelo nezingokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu ngabanye babe ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze baqaphe ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kucatshangelwa imiphumela engemihle engaba khona kanye nokusebenzisana neminye imithi. Ukulungiswa komthamo kanye nokugadwa kwezokwelapha okuseduze kuyizinqubo ezivamile zokuqinisekisa imiphumela yokwelapha elungile.

Yiziphi izici zokusetshenziswa kwe-Amitriptyline?

I-Amitriptyline iyi-antidepressant ye-tricyclic esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene. 

• Ukucindezeleka: I-Amitriptyline inqunywe ngokuyinhloko ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokucindezeleka. Isebenza ngokwandisa amazinga ama-neurotransmitters athile ebuchosheni, njenge-serotonin ne-norepinephrine, okukholakala ukuthi anomthelela omuhle emoyeni.
• Ukukhathazeka: Nakuba i-amitriptyline ingeyona inketho yokuqala yokwelapha ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ngaphandle kwelebula ezimweni lapho eminye imithi ingazange iphumelele. Imiphumela yayo yokulalisa ingase isize ekudambiseni izimpawu ezithile zokukhathazeka.
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli: I-Amitriptyline ivame ukunqunywa ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zobuhlungu obungapheli. Kungase kube usizo ikakhulukazi ebuhlungu be-neuropathic, okuwubuhlungu obubangelwa ukulimala noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa. Indlela eqondile edambisa ngayo ubuhlungu ayiqondwa ngokuphelele, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ihilela izinguquko endleleni isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko esisebenza ngayo izimpawu zobuhlungu.
• Ukuqwasha: I-Amitriptyline inezinto zokudambisa futhi ngezinye izikhathi inqunyelwe ukusiza abantu abanokuqwasha. Amandla ayo okukhuthaza ukulala ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngemithamo ephansi kunaleyo esetshenziselwa ukucindezeleka.
• Ukubheda (Enuresis): I-Amitriptyline isetshenziswe ekwelapheni i-enuresis yasebusuku (ukulala embhedeni) ezinganeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kulo mongo kucatshangwa ukuthi kuhlobene nemiphumela yawo emaphethini okulala kanye nokusebenza kwesinye.

Ungayithatha kanjani futhi nini i-Amitriptyline?

I-Amitriptyline ivamise ukuthathwa ngomlomo njengethebhulethi, imvamisa eyodwa kuya kwezine ngosuku, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Kodwa-ke, umthamo kanye nemvamisa yomuthi kuzoncika esimweni esithile kanye nempendulo yomuntu ekwelashweni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha i-Amitriptyline njengoba kuyalelwe umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi ye-Amitriptyline?

Njenganoma yimiphi eminye imithi, i-Amitriptyline ingase futhi ibangele eminye imiphumela emibi njenge:

• Ukulala
• Umlomo omile
• ukuqunjelwa
• Umbono ophundlekile
• Inzuzo yesisindo
• Imiphumela yocansi
• isiyezi
• Ukwandisa izinga lenhliziyo
• Ukudideka
• Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha uma imiphumela emibi iphikelela. 

Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele zithathwe ngenkathi usebenzisa i-Amitriptyline?

Lezi ezinye zezinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele uzikhumbule lapho uthatha i-Amitriptyline:

• Ukuphikisana: Tshela udokotela wakho uma uthatha eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi yenhliziyo, isibindi, isifo sezinso, ukuquleka, i-glaucoma, i-bipolar disorder, noma amavithamini nezithako zokudla.
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-Amitriptyline, ngoba ingandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi.
• Ungayeki ukuthatha i-Amitriptyline ngokuzumayo, ngoba lokhu kungabangela izimpawu zokuhoxa noma ukuphindela esimweni esiphathwayo. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa kancane kancane umuthi ngaphansi kokuqondisa komhlinzeki wezempilo.
• Qaphela esimweni sezulu esishisayo noma lapho uzivocavoca, njengoba i-Amitriptyline ingaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokulawula izinga lokushisa.
• I-Amitriptyline ingase inyuse ingozi yemicabango yokuzibulala noma ukuziphatha, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, intsha, noma abantu abadala. Kubalulekile ukuqapha noma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni sengqondo noma ukuziphatha futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kunesidingo.
• Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Xhumana nochwepheshe wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma ulindele ingane noma uncelisa ingane ngaphambi kokuthatha i-Amitriptyline, njengoba ingase ibangele ukulimala kumntwana noma usana.

Imithamo ye-Amitriptyline

Umthamo we-amitriptyline ungahluka ngokuya ngesimo esithile sokwelashwa, izici zesiguli ngasinye, nokuhlolwa komhlinzeki wezempilo. Kubalulekile ukulandela umthamo obekiwe kanye neziyalezo ezinikezwe uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo. Ulwazi olulandelayo luyisiqondiso esivamile, futhi izimo zomuntu ngamunye zingase zigunyaze imithamo ehlukene:

• Ngokucindezeleka:
  • Umthamo Wokuqala: Umthamo wokuqala ojwayelekile wabantu abadala uphakathi kwama-25 kuya ku-50 milligrams (mg) othathwa ngesikhathi sokulala.
  • Umthamo Wesondlo: Lokhu kunganyuswa kancane kancane, ngaphansi kokuqondisa komhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokwelapha oyifunayo. Imithamo yesondlo ngokuvamile isukela ku-75 kuya ku-150 mg ngosuku.
• Ngezinhlungu Ezingapheli:
  • Umthamo wezimo zobuhlungu obungapheli ungahluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile iqala ngethamo eliphansi futhi inyuswa kancane ngokusekelwe empendulweni yokwelashwa.
  • Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangase banikeze i-amitriptyline ngemithamo efana naleyo esetshenziselwa ukucindezeleka, kodwa ukulungiswa kungenziwa kuye ngohlobo nobukhulu bobuhlungu.
• Nge-Insomnia:
  • Imithamo ephansi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqwasha, imvamisa iqala ku-10 kuya ku-25 mg othathwa ngesikhathi sokulala.
  • Umthamo ungalungiswa ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni komuntu ngamunye kanye nemiphumela emibi.
• Okokubheda (Enuresis) Ezinganeni:
  • Umthamo wokuchamisa umbhede ezinganeni ngokuvamile uphansi kunewabantu abadala. Ingase iqale ku-10 kuya ku-20 mg ethathwe ngaphambi kokulala.

Kuthiwani uma ngiphuthelwe umthamo we-Amitriptyline?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-Amitriptyline, ungayithatha noma nini lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma umthamo olandelayo uzofika maduze, kufanele weqe umthamo ogejiwe. Ukuthatha umthamo ophindwe kabili, kunoma yikuphi, ukwenza umthamo ophuthelwe akunconywa.

Kuthiwani uma kune-overdose ye-Amitriptyline?

I-overdose ye-Amitriptyline ingaba yingozi futhi ingaba yingozi empilweni. Izimpawu ze-Amitriptyline overdose zingabandakanya:

• Ukuyaluza noma ukungahlaliseki
• Ukudideka noma ukubona izinto ezingekho
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukungaboni kahle noma abafundi abavuleke
• Ukudabuka noma ukuhlanza
• ukuquleka
• Coma

Ukwelashwa kwe-Amitriptyline overdose kungase kuhilele ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze kuqashwe nokunakekelwa okusekelayo, njengokwelashwa komoya-mpilo, uketshezi lwe-IV, nemithi yokwelapha izimpawu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amalahle acushiwe noma ukugezwa kwesisu kungasetshenziswa ukususa noma yimiphi imithi esele esiswini.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha i-Amitriptyline kuphela njengoba uyalelwe umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo futhi ungalokothi weqe umthamo onconywayo.

Yiziphi izimo zokugcina i-Amitriptyline?

• Gcina i-Amitriptyline endaweni epholile, eyomile, evikelekile ekushiseni, ekukhanyeni nasemswakama. 
• Futhi, ungazibeki endaweni lapho izingane noma izilwane ezifuywayo zingafinyelela khona.
• Zigcine ekamelweni lokushisa, phakathi kuka-20 no-25C (68-77F).
• I-Amitriptyline kufanele igcinwe yomile futhi ivikelwe emoyeni nasemanzini ngokuyigcina ephaketheni layo lasekuqaleni, phezulu kuboshwe ngokuvikelekile. Ungadluliseli umuthi esitsheni esihlukile, esithinta ukuzinza kwawo namandla.

Ukuqapha neminye imithi

I-Amitriptyline ingasebenzisana neminye imithi, okuhlanganisa nemithi kadokotela kanye nemithi ethengiswayo, amavithamini, nezithako zemithi. Ukusebenzisana kwemithi ne-Amitriptyline kuhlanganisa:

• I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Ukukhetha i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ama-SSRIs)
• Ama-Antihistamine
• I-Barbiturates
• Benzodiazepines
• Opioids
• Imithi ye-Anticholinergic
• Igazi elincane

Lena akuyona yodwa imithi engasebenzisana ne-Amitriptyline. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nayo yonke imithi nezithako zokudla ozithathayo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-Amitriptyline. Bangakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi imithi yakho ingasebenzisana yini ne-Amitriptyline futhi wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo ohlelweni lwakho lokwelapha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyelulekwa ukuthi ugweme ophuzweni oludakayo ngenkathi uthatha i-Amitriptyline ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula imiphumela emibi futhi kuphazamise umuthi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unemibuzo noma okukukhathazayo mayelana nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okungenzeka ne-Amitriptyline.

I-Amitriptyline ikhombisa ngokushesha kangakanani imiphumela?

I-Amitriptyline ivamise ukuthatha amasonto ambalwa isetshenziswa njalo ukukhombisa ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kwezimpawu zokucindezeleka, nakuba ezinye iziguli zingase zibone ukuthuthuka okuthile phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa. Umphumela ophelele wokwelapha we-Amitriptyline kungenzeka ungabonakali amasonto ambalwa, futhi kungathatha amasonto angama-4-6 wokusetshenziswa okuvamile ukufinyelela ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu.

I-Amitriptyline Vs Desipramine

Faqs

1. Yiziphi izimo ezivame ukuphathwa nge-Amitriptyline?

I-Amitriptyline ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokucindezeleka, izimo ezibuhlungu ezingapheli ezifana nobuhlungu be-neuropathic kanye ne-migraines, nokuphazamiseka okuthile kokulala njengokuqwasha.

2. Ingabe ikhona imikhawulo yobudala yokusebenzisa i-Amitriptyline?

Ngokuvamile, i-Amitriptyline ayinconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ezinganeni nasentsheni ngaphandle kokugadwa uchwepheshe wezempilo. Ukuphepha nokusebenza kwayo kuleli qembu lobudala kungase kungakaziwa kahle.

3. Ingabe abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo bangayithatha i-Amitriptyline?

Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisa ibele kufanele babonane nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-Amitriptyline, njengoba isinqumo sokusebenzisa umuthi ngalezi zikhathi sihilela ukucutshungulwa ngokucophelela kwezingozi nezinzuzo ezingaba khona.

4. Ingabe i-Amitriptyline isebenzisana neminye imithi?

Yebo, i-Amitriptyline ingasebenzisana nemithi ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiwe, ama-antipsychotics, ama-antihistamine, nezidakamizwa ezilwa ne-anticholinergic. Kubalulekile ukwazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngayo yonke imithi, okuhlanganisa nezidakamizwa ezithengwayo nezithasiselo, ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisana okungase kube khona.

5. Ingabe kukhona ukudla noma izinto okufanele uzigweme ngenkathi usebenzisa i-Amitriptyline?

Ijusi ye-grapefruit kanye ne-grapefruit kufanele igwenywe, njengoba ingase ihlangane ne-Amitriptyline. Ukwengeza, i-alcohol kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela, ngoba ingathuthukisa imiphumela ye-sedative yomuthi.

References:

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682388.html

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha alwenzelwe ukufaka iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ulwazi aluhloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka, imiphumela engemihle, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Lolu lwazi aluhloselwe ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi othile kufanelekile, kuphephile, noma kuyasebenza wena noma omunye umuntu. Ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi noma isexwayiso mayelana nomuthi akufanele kuhunyushwe njengesiqinisekiso esicacile esivela enhlanganweni. Sikweluleka ngokuqinile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma kukhona okukukhathazayo ngomuthi futhi ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.