I-Amoxicillin Clavulanate

I-Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kudinga izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, futhi i-Amoxycillin ne-Clavulanate zimi njengenye yenhlanganisela yama-antibiotic enqunyiwe emhlabeni wonke. I-Amoxycillin clavulanic acid inikeza ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe ekumelana namagciwane, okuyenza isebenze kangcono kunemithi elwa namagciwane yendabuko yodwa. Ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa kwe-amoxycillin clavulanic acid kusiza iziguli zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa kwazo futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ziphuza imithi ngendlela efanele ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Yini i-Amoxicillin ne-Clavulanate?

I-Amoxycillin ne-clavulanate ziyinhlanganisela enamandla yemithi elwa namagciwane ehlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene ukuze isebenze kahle. Lo muthi, othengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-Augmentin, uqukethe i-amoxycillin trihydrate kanye i-potassium i-clavulanate ngenhlanganisela yesilinganiso esingaguquki.

I-Amoxycillin ingeyesigaba sama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin futhi isebenza ngokumisa ukukhula kwamagciwane. I-clavulanic acid (i-beta-lactamase inhibitor) ivimbela amagciwane ekubhubhiseni i-amoxicillin, ngaleyo ndlela andise ukusebenza kwayo ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezimelana nazo.

Le nhlanganisela yomuthi ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle ngokumelene nezinhlobo eziningi zebhaktheriya, okuhlanganisa:

• Amagciwane ane-Gram-positive: Izinhlobo ze-Streptococcus, izinhlobo ze-Enterococcus, kanye ne-methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
• Amagciwane angenayo i-Gram-negative: I-Hemophilus influenzae, i-Escherichia coli, i-Klebsiella pneumoniae, ne-Moraxella catarrhalis

Le nhlanganisela ibonakala iphumelela ngokukhethekile ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithinta izindlebe, amaphaphu, ukona, isikhumba, nomgudu womchamo. Ukwengeza i-clavulanic acid kwandisa isikhathi isibulala-magciwane sihlala sisebenza emzimbeni, okwenza sisebenze kangcono ngokumelene nezinhlobo zebhaktheriya ezimelana namagciwane akhiqiza ama-enzyme e-beta-lactamase.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Umuthi uphatha ngempumelelo izimo ezithile ezithile:

• Izifo zepheshana lokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa nokutholwa umphakathi inyumoniya
• Izifo ezindlebeni ezimelana nokwelashwa okujwayelekile
• Izifo ze-Sinus, ikakhulukazi i-rhinosinusitis ye-bacterial acute
• Izifo zesikhumba nezithambile
• Izifo ezithinta u-Urinary
• Ukukhula kwebhaktheriya emathunjini amancane (SIBO)

Izinhlangano zezokwelapha ezihamba phambili, okuhlanganisa ne-Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) kanye ne-American Academy of Otolaryngology, zincoma i-amoxycillin-clavulanate njengendlela yokwelapha ekhethwayo ye-acute rhinosinusitis yebhaktheriya kune-amoxycillin iyodwa. I-American College of Gastroenterology iphinde isekele ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekwelapheni i-SIBO, amazinga empumelelo yokwelashwa asondela ku-50%.

I-American Thoracic Society kanye ne-IDSA inikeza imihlahlandlela ethile yokusebenzisa lo muthi ekwelapheni inyumoniya etholwa umphakathi. Ukwengeza, odokotela bayinikeza abathwali be-streptococci beqembu elingapheli ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Amoxicillin & Clavulanate Tablet

Ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwe-amoxicillin kanye namaphilisi e-clavulanate kuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle yokwelashwa. Imihlahlandlela yokuphatha eyisisekelo ihlanganisa:

• Thatha imithamo ngezikhathi ezilinganayo (njalo ngamahora angu-8 noma angu-12 njengoba kushiwo)
• Gcina izikhathi zokudosa ezingaguquki nsuku zonke
• Gcwalisa yonke inkambo enqunyiwe, ngisho noma izimpawu ziba ngcono
• Thatha kanye nokudla noma ukudla okulula ukuze unciphise ukungakhululeki kwesisu
• Sebenzisa umshini wokulinganisa ofanele ukwenza uketshezi
• Iziguli kufanele zigwinye amaphilisi azokhishwa isikhathi eside ewonke ngaphandle kokuwachoboza noma ukuwahlafuna amafomu ethebhulethi. Amaphilisi ahlafunwayo, nokho, kufanele ahlafunwa kahle ngaphambi kokuwagwinya. Ukumiswa komlomo kudinga ukuzamazama okuphelele ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye.

Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Amoxycillin & Clavulanate Tablet

Imiphumela emibi evamile iziguli ezingabhekana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Uhudo nokungakhululeki kwesisu
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuluma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma ukukhipha
• Ukushisa isikhumba esincane

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ezidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kungenzeka kwezinye izimo. Iziguli kufanele zithinte udokotela wazo uma zithola indle enamanzi noma enegazi, amajaqamba esiswini, noma imfiva ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise isimo esinzima samathumbu esibangelwa amagciwane i-C. difficile, okungenzeka kwenzeke phakathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nokungezwani komzimba okumaphakathi kuya kokubi kakhulu. Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba okungathi sína zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, isiyezi esinzima, nokusabela okusabalele kwesikhumba. Lezi zimpawu zidinga usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zingase zihlanganise izinkinga zesibindi, eziboniswa ukuguquguquka okuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, noma ukukhathala okungajwayelekile. Abesifazane abasebenzisa lo muthi bangase babe nezifo zemvubelo yangasese, ebonakala ngokuluma nokuphuma okumhlophe.

Umuthi ungaphinda ubangele isikhathi sokopha isikhathi eside, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuquleka ezigulini ezinokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso. 

Ukuqapha

Ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha kudlala indima ebalulekile lapho uthatha i-amoxicillin ne-clavulanate. 

• Izimo Zezokwelapha:
  • Isifo sezinso esibi kakhulu noma ukwelashwa kwe-dialysis
  • Izinkinga zesibindi zangaphambili noma i-jaundice
  • Umlando wokungezwani komzimba nama-antibiotics
  • I-Phenylketonuria (PKU)
  • I-Mononucleosis
  • Izimo zamathumbu okuvuvukala
• Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abantu abakhulelwe noma abancelisa ibele kufanele bazise odokotela babo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Umuthi ungadlulela obisini lwebele futhi ungathinta izinsana ezincelisayo. 

Isebenza kanjani i-Amoxicillin & Clavulanate Tablet

Indlela yokusebenza ngemuva kwe-amoxicillin ne-clavulanate ibonisa amandla okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili ezihambisanayo. I-Primary Mechanism ibandakanya isenzo se-amoxycillin ezindongeni zamaseli ebhaktheriya. Ibophezela kumaprotheni athile abizwa ngokuthi ama-penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni izindonga zamangqamuzana amagciwane. Lapho i-amoxycillin inamathela kulawa maprotheni, ivimbela amagciwane ukuthi akhe futhi alungise ungqimba lwawo olungaphandle oluyisivikelo, luwabhubhise.

Ukusebenza kwenhlanganisela kusuka ezenzweni zayo ezihlanganisiwe:

• I-Amoxicillin imisa ukukhula kwamagciwane ngokuphazamisa ukwakheka kodonga lwamaseli
• I-Clavulanic acid ivikela i-amoxicillin kuma-enzyme avikela amagciwane
• Ndawonye, ​​avimbela amabhaktheriya ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana
• Inhlanganisela igcina umsebenzi ongaguquki we-antimicrobial

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Amoxicillin & Clavulanate Neminye Imithi?

Kudingeka ukunakwa okukhethekile lapho uthatha le antibiotic ngemithi yokunciphisa igazi, njengoba ingase ithinte izikhathi zokujiya kwegazi. Odokotela kufanele balungise imithamo ye-anticoagulant futhi baqaphe iziguli kaningi phakathi nokwelashwa.

Abesifazane abasebenzisa izivimbela-nzalo ezithathwa ngomlomo kufanele bazi ukuthi i-Amoxycillin-clavulanate inganciphisa ukusebenza kwabo ngempumelelo. Umuthi uthinta amabhaktheriya amathumbu abandakanyeka ekucubunguleni ama-hormone avela kumaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa. Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ziyanconywa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Iziguli kufanele zazise odokotela bazo ngayo yonke imithi yamanje, okuhlanganisa:

• Imithi kadokotela
• Izidakamizwa ezithengwayo
• Amavithamini nezithako
• Imikhiqizo ye-Herbal

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Ukunquma umthamo olungile we-amoxicillin ne-clavulanate kuncike ezicini eziningana, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yesiguli, isisindo, kanye nohlobo lwesifo esilashwayo. 

• Umthamo Ojwayelekile Wabadala: Ezifweni eziningi, abantu abadala bathola ama-500mg njalo ngamahora angu-8 noma ama-875mg njalo emahoreni ayi-12. Ukutheleleka okunzima kungadinga imithamo ephezulu, kuze kufike ku-2000mg kabili ngosuku, kusetshenziswa amaphilisi okukhululwa okunwetshiwe.
• Umthamo Wezingane: Imithamo yezingane incike esisindweni sazo kanye nobukhulu bokutheleleka:
  • Ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-3: 30mg/kg/day ihlukaniswa njalo emahoreni ayi-12
  • Izinyanga ezi-3 kuye ku-40kg: 20-40mg/kg/day ihlukaniswa njalo ngamahora angu-8
  • Ngaphezulu kwe-40kg: Umthamo wabadala uyasebenza
• Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwabantu: Iziguli ezinezinkinga zezinso zidinga ukulungiswa komthamo. Kulabo abanokukhubazeka okukhulu kwezinso (imvume ye-creatinine engaphansi kuka-30mL/min), odokotela ngokuvamile bayehlisa umthamo noma banyuse isikhawu phakathi kwemithamo. Ithebhulethi engu-875mg kanye nezakhi zokukhishwa okunwetshiwe akufanele zisetshenziswe ezigulini ezinenkinga yokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso.

Isiphetho

I-Amoxicillin ne-clavulanate zimi njengenhlanganisela yama-antibiotic ebalulekile emithini yesimanje, enikeza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwezifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane. Indlela yesenzo esikabili yomuthi iwenza ube namandla ikakhulukazi ngokumelene namagciwane angazweli, kuyilapho ukwakheka kwawo okuhlukahlukene kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bahlele ukwelashwa ngokwezidingo ezithile zesiguli. Le nhlanganisela yama-antibiotic ehlukahlukene ibonakala iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni izifo zokuphefumula, indlebe, isikhumba, nomgudu womchamo, okubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi kokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo nge-amoxicillin ne-clavulanate kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi ngendlela efanele kanye nokunaka imihlahlandlela yokuphepha. Iziguli kufanele ziqedele inkambo yazo enqunyiwe yemithi elwa namagciwane, ngisho nalapho izimpawu ziba ngcono, futhi zihlale ziqaphele imiphumela engemihle engaba khona noma ukusebenzisana. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-amoxicillin & clavulanate inemiphumela engemihle?

Iziguli eziningi ziba nemiphumela engemihle emnene ezixazulula ngokwazo. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:

• Uhudo (kwenzeka ku-3-34% weziguli)
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba (1-3% wezigameko)
• Ukuluma noma ukuphuma komchamo
• Ukukhathazeka kwesisu

2. Kufanele ngiphuze kanjani i-amoxicillin ne-clavulanate?

Iziguli kufanele ziphuze lo muthi ngokudla noma ukudla okulula ukuze unciphise ukucasuka kwesisu. Umuthi usebenza kahle kakhulu uma uphuzwa ngezikhathi ezilinganayo, ngokuvamile njalo emahoreni ayi-12. Iziguli kufanele ziqedele zonke izifundo ezinqunyiwe ngisho noma izimpawu ziba ngcono phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.

3. Ingabe i-Amoxycillin clavulanate iyi-antibiotic enamandla?

I-Amoxicillin clavulanate ithathwa njengemithi elwa namagciwane ene-spectrum ebanzi esebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene namagciwane amelana. Ukwengezwa kwe-clavulanic acid kuyenza ibe namandla kune-amoxycillin evamile ngokuvikela kuma-enzyme ebhaktheriya ayevame ukubhubhisa ama-antibiotic.

4. Ubani odinga i-amoxicillin & clavulanate?

Odokotela banikeza lo muthi ezigulini ezinezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezingase zimelane nama-antibiotic ajwayelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abane:

• Izifo ezinzima zokuphefumula
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe eziyinkimbinkimbi
• Izifo ezingazweli zomgudu womchamo
• Izifo zesikhumba nezithambile

5. Zingaki izinsuku ongayithatha i-amoxicillin-clavulanate?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa ngokuvamile sisukela ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-14, kuye ngohlobo nobukhulu bokutheleleka. Odokotela banquma ubude besikhathi esiqondile ngokusekelwe ezicini zesiguli ngasinye kanye nokusabela kokutheleleka.

6. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-amoxicillin ne-amoxycillin-clavulanate?

Umehluko omkhulu usekuhlanganiseni nasekusebenzeni kwazo. I-Amoxicillin isebenza yodwa ngokumelene namagciwane asengozini, kuyilapho i-amoxycillin-clavulanate ihlanganisa i-amoxycillin ne-clavulanic acid ukuze ilwe namagciwane angazweli. Ukwengezwa kwe-clavulanic acid kusiza ukunqoba izindlela zokumelana namagciwane, kuyenze iphumelele ekulweni nezifo ezithile.