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IBudesonide

I-Budesonide iyimithi enamandla yokwenziwa kwe-corticosteroid odokotela abayinikeza ukuphatha nokwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala. Lesi sidakamizwa esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi siqondise kakhulu imigudu yomoya kanye nepheshana lamathumbu, okwenza kube inketho yokwelapha esebenzayo ezindabeni ezimbalwa zezempilo.

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Ukusetshenziswa kweBudesonide

Lo muthi onamandla we-corticosteroid unezicelo eziningi ekwelapheni izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-budesonide kungokulandelayo:

Izimo Zokuphefumula:

  • Odokotela banquma i-budesonide ukuphatha i-asthma kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Umuthi usiza ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuqina kwesifuba, isifuba, nokukhwehlela okubangelwa yilesi simo. 
  • Kubantu abane-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), okuhlanganisa ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula engapheli kanye ne-emphysema, i-budesonide ehlanganiswe ne-formoterol isiza ekugcineni ukusebenza kwendlela yomoya futhi yehlise ukubhebhetheka. 

Izinkinga zeGastrointestinal:

  • I-Budesonide idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izifo zamathumbu ezivuvukalayo. Umuthi usiza ukunxenxa isifo sika-Crohn esisebenzayo esithambile esimaphakathi futhi sigcine ukuthethelelwa ngemva kokwelashwa.
  • Nge-ulcerative colitis, isimo esibangela ukuvuvukala nezilonda ku-colon kanye nolwelwesi lwe-rectum, i-budesonide isebenza njenge-ejenti yokwelapha yomugqa wesibili.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa

I-Budesonide inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe ekwelapheni izimo ezihlukahlukene:

  • I-rhinitis yokungezwani kanye ne-allergies ephezulu yokuphefumula (ifomu lesifutho samakhala)
  • Ukuvimbela polyps acinene
  • Ukwelashwa kwe-eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)
  • Ukuphathwa kwe-immuneglobulin A nephropathy (isifo sezinso)

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iBudesonide

Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-budesonide kuncike ekwakhekeni kwayo kanye nesimo esiphathwayo. Iziguli kufanele zilandele imiyalelo kadokotela ngokucophelela futhi zigcine umthamo obekiwe kanye nemvamisa.

  • Ukuphathwa Komlomo: Ukuze isetshenziswe ngomlomo, i-budesonide ifika ngamaphilisi okukhululwa okubambezelekile kanye namathebulethi akhululiwe. Lezi kufanele zigwinywe ziphelele ngaphandle kokuphuka, ukuchotshozwa, ukuhlafuna, noma ukuvuleka. 
  • Izindlela Zokuhogela: I-Budesonide inhalation iza ngezindlela ezimbili: impushana kanye nokumiswa. I-powder idonswa kusetshenziswa i-inhaler ekhethekile, kuyilapho ukumiswa kudinga i-jet nebuliser.
  • Nge-powder inhaler:
    • Bamba i-inhaler iqonde bese ulayisha umthamo ngokuphendula ukubamba kwesokudla nakwesokunxele kuze kuchofoze.
    • Khipha umoya kude ne-inhaler.
    • Faka umlomo phakathi kwezindebe bese udonsa umoya ujule futhi ngamandla.
    • Bamba umoya wakho cishe imizuzwana eyishumi ngemva kokuhogela.
    • Phinda uma ukudonsa okwesibili kunqunywe.
    • Hlanza umlomo ngamanzi bese ukhafula ngemva kokwelashwa ngakunye.
  • Ngokumiswa kwe-nebuliser:
    • Nyakazisa i-ampule ngobumnene ngokunyakaza okuyindilinga.
    • Vula i-ampule bese uthela lonke uketshezi ku-nebuliser reservoir.
    • Xhuma i-nebuliser emlonyeni noma imaski yobuso kanye ne-compressor.
    • Cela isiguli sihlale siqondile futhi siphefumule ngokuthula kuze kube yilapho inkungu iyeka ukumila.
    • Hlanza umlomo wesiguli ngamanzi bese ukhafula ngemva kokwelashwa ngakunye.
  • I-Nasal Application: I-Budesonide iyatholakala futhi njengesifutho sekhala se-over-the-counter. Iziguli kufanele zilandele imiyalelo neziqondiso ezihlinzekwe ngomkhiqizo ukuze zifakwe kahle emakhaleni.
  • I-Rectal Administration: Ukuze isetshenziswe i-rectal, i-budesonide iza ngegwebu, i-enema, kanye namafomu e-suppository. Iziqondiso eziqondile zalezi zithako zizohluka, futhi iziguli kufanele zilandele ngokucophelela iziqondiso ezinikezwa udokotela wazo.

Imiphumela emibi yeBudesonide

Okulandelayo eminye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-budesonide:

  • Umphimbo owomile noma ukuhosha
  • Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungagayeki kahle kokudla
  • Ukuphathwa yikhanda
  • Ukunambitheka okubi
  • Ubuhlungu besisu
  • Ukusabela kwesikhumba (ukuqubuka, induna, noma izilonda eziphola kancane)
  • I-thrush yomlomo (izibazi ezimhlophe emlonyeni noma emphinjeni wesiguli)

Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu:

  • Ukulimala kalula noma ukopha
  • Ubuthakathaka obukhulu
  • Izinkinga zombono
  • Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
  • Ukukhula kwezinwele okungajwayelekile
  • Ukuphendula kwe-allergen
  • Imizwa iyashintsha, njengokuthi ukucindezeleka, ukucasuka, noma ukushintsha kwemizwa
  • Ukwanda kokungenwa yizifo ngenxa yokungavikeleki okubuthakathaka ekusetshenzisweni okungapheli kwe-corticosteroids
  • Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-budesonide, ikakhulukazi kumithamo ephezulu, kungacindezela i-axis ye-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). Kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-adrenal, ebonakala ngezimpawu ezinjengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa ukudla, ukukhathala, nokukhathala. 

Ukuqapha

I-Budesonide umuthi onamandla odinga ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela nokuqapha, njenge:

  • Okokuqala, i-budesonide ayifanele ukwelapha ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya oyingozi noma isimo se-asthmaticus. 
  • Abantu abane-hypersensitivity ku-budesonide noma yiziphi izithako zayo kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa lo muthi. 
  • Abantu abanokukhubazeka kwesibindi noma isifo sofuba se-acute pulmonary nabo bayelulekwa ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa kwaso. 
  • Ukwelashwa kwe-Budesonide kudinga ukuqapha ezigulini ezinesifo sofuba esicashile, i-ocular herpes simplex, kanye nezifo ezisebenzayo zebhaktheriya, i-viral, fungal, noma i-parasitic. 
  • Ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka, njengokutheleleka, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukuhlukumezeka, iziguli ezine-axis ye-HPA ecindezelwe zingase zidinge i-systemic corticosteroids eyengeziwe ukuvimbela inkinga ye-adrenal. 
  • I-Budesonide ingase yenze buthaka amasosha omzimba, ikhulise ingozi yokutheleleka. 

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezempilo bayaqaphela:

  • Ukukhubazeka kwe-Hepatic
  • Izifo
  • Ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose
  • I-herpes simplex ye-ocular
  • Ubuthi be-ocular
  • Kwamathambo
  • I-Hyperadrenocorticism

Isebenza kanjani iBudesonide

I-Budesonide ingaba nomthelela ekuphenduleni kokuvuvukala komzimba. Lo muthi usebenza ngokubophezela nokuvula ama-glucocorticoid receptors (GR) ku-cytoplasm yamaseli asebenzayo, njengalawo atholakala ku-bronchi. Uma isicushiwe, inkimbinkimbi ye-budesonide-GR ingena ku-nucleus yeseli, ixhumana namaprotheni athile ukuze ilawule ukubonakaliswa kofuzo.

Imiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala kweBudesonide inezici eziningi:

  • Ivimbela ukusebenza kwama-eosinophil ngokwandisa i-apoptosis.
  • Icindezela ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana avuvukalayo, okuhlanganisa ama-mast cells, neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, namaseli e-dendritic.
  • Yehlisa ukwakheka kokuphuma kwe-arachidonic acid ngokuvimbela i-phospholipase A2.
  • Ivimbela i-NF-Kappa B nezinye izici zokuloba ezivuthayo.
  • Ikhuthaza izakhi zofuzo ezilwa nokuvuvukala njenge-interleukin-10.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Budesonide Ngeminye Imithi?

Eminye yemithi evamile esebenzisana ne-budesonide ihlanganisa:

Ulwazi Lomthamo

  • Ukuze kugcinwe isifuba somoya, abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka eyisithupha nangaphezulu ngokuvamile baqala ngo-360 mcg ngokuhogela ngomlomo kabili nsuku zonke besebenzisa impushana yokuhogela. 
  • Izingane ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya ku-8 ubudala zisebenzisa i-inhalation suspension ku-nebuliser, futhi lezo ezazilashwe ngaphambilini ngama-bronchodilators zizodwa zisebenzisa i-0.5 mg kanye ngosuku noma i-0.25 mg kabili ngosuku.
  • Kulabo abalashwe ngaphambilini nge-corticosteroids ehogeliwe: 0.5 mg kanye noma 0.25 mg kabili ngosuku, okungenzeka ukuthi yenyuke ifike ku-0.5 mg kabili ngosuku.
  • Kulabo abalashwe ngaphambilini nge-corticosteroids yomlomo: 1 mg kanye ngosuku noma i-0.5 mg kabili ngosuku.
  • Umthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke wezingane kuleli qembu lobudala ngu-1 mg.
  •  Ngesifo sikaCrohn, abantu abadala bathatha u-9 mg wamaphilisi ahlanganiswe ne-enteric ngomlomo kanye ngosuku ekuseni kuze kube amasonto angu-8. 

Isiphetho

I-Budesonide isiza izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala, inikeza impumuzo ezigulini ezine ufuba, COPD, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu. Ukuguquguquka kwayo ekuhlanganiseni kuvumela ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, okwenza kube usizo lokulawula ukuvuvukala kuwo wonke umzimba. Kodwa-ke, njengayo yonke imithi, iza nemiphumela emibi engase ibe khona kanye nokusebenzisana okudinga ukucatshangelwa nokuqapha ngokucophelela. Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa i-budesonide ngendlela efanele, ukuqaphela imiphumela yayo emibi, nokwazi ukusebenzisana kwayo neminye imithi kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo. 

FAQ sika

1. Isetshenziswa ngani ibudesonide ngokuyinhloko?

I-Budesonide isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko uku:

  • Vimbela ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya kubantu abadala nasezinganeni
  • Yelapha isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (COPD)
  • Lawula isifo sika-Crohn kanye ne-ulcerative colitis
  • Lawula i-rhinitis ye-allergic kanye nokungezwani nokuphefumula okuphezulu
  • Yelapha i-eosinophilic esophagitis 
  • Yehlisa i-proteinuria ezigulini ezine-primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy

2. Ubani odinga ukuthatha i-budesonide?

I-Budesonide inqunyelwe abantu abanezimo ezilandelayo:

  • Isifuba somoya (abadala nezingane)
  • COPD
  • Isifo sikaCrohn (abadala nezingane ezineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili nangaphezulu)
  • I-colcer ulcerative
  • I-rhinitis yokungezwani
  • I-Eosinophilic esophagitis (abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engu-11 nangaphezulu)
  • Immunoglobulin A nephropathy eyinhloko

3. Ingabe kubi ukusebenzisa i-budesonide nsuku zonke?

Abantu abaningi bathatha i-budesonide njengesifundo esifushane, ngokuvamile kuze kube amasonto angu-8. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zingadinga ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ukuze kugcinwe izimpawu zilawulwa. Okwe-autoimmune isifo sofuba, odokotela bangase banikeze i-budesonide kuze kube iminyaka engu-2.

4. Ingabe i-budesonide iphephile?

I-Budesonide ngokuvamile iphephile uma isetshenziswa njengoba kushiwo. Inengozi encishisiwe yemiphumela emibi uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-corticosteroids ngoba isebenza ngokuyinhloko emathunjini, esibindini, noma epayipini lokudla, ikhawulela inani elifinyelela kuwo wonke umzimba.

5. Ubani Ongakwazi ukusebenzisa i-budesonide?

I-Budesonide akufanele isetshenziswe ngabantu aba:

  • Yiba nokungezwani komzimba ne-budesonide noma yiziphi izithako zayo
  • Yiba nesifo sofuba se-pulmonary acute
  • Yiba nokukhubazeka okukhulu kwesibindi
  • Ingabe ubhekene nokuhlaselwa kwesifuba somoya (i-budesonide akuwona umuthi osiza ngokushesha)

6. Ingabe i-budesonide iphephile ezinso?

I-Budesonide isetshenziselwe ukwelapha i-immunoglobulin A nephropathy, isifo sezinso. Ezigulini ezisengozini enkulu ye-IgA nephropathy, inganciphisa ngempumelelo i-hematuria ne-proteinuria kuyilapho igcina ukusebenza kwezinso okuzinzile.

7. Ingabe i-budesonide ingeyesifuba somoya kuphela?

Nakuba i-budesonide ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifuba somoya, inezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, njenge:

  • Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Isifo sikaCrohn
  • I-colcer ulcerative
  • I-rhinitis yokungezwani
  • I-Eosinophilic esophagitis
  • Immunoglobulin A nephropathy eyinhloko

8. Ingabe i-budesonide iyasiza ngokukhwehlela?

I-Budesonide ingasiza ngokukhwehlela, ikakhulukazi ehlobene nesifuba somoya noma i-COPD. Ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya, ibudesonide ingadambisa izimpawu ezinjengokushaywa umoya, ukuphelelwa umoya, nokukhwehlela.

8. Ingabe i-budesonide ilungele amaphaphu akho?

I-Budesonide ithinta kahle impilo yamaphaphu kubantu abanezimo ezithile zokuphefumula. Kuyasiza ukulawula nokuvimbela izimpawu zesifuba somoya kanye ne-COPD ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya.

9. Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-budesonide ebusuku?

Isikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-budesonide sincike ekwakhiweni okuqondile kanye nemiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Kwezinye izimo, kunconywa ukuthatha i-budesonide kanye ngosuku ekuseni. Nokho, kwabanye, kungase kubekwe kabili ngosuku.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha alwenzelwe ukufaka iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ulwazi aluhloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka, imiphumela engemihle, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Lolu lwazi aluhloselwe ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi othile kufanelekile, kuphephile, noma kuyasebenza wena noma omunye umuntu. Ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi noma isexwayiso mayelana nomuthi akufanele kuhunyushwe njengesiqinisekiso esicacile esivela enhlanganweni. Sikweluleka ngokuqinile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma kukhona okukukhathazayo ngomuthi futhi ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.