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I-Cimetidine

Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zihlushwa izinkinga ezihlobene ne-asidi esiswini ezithinta impilo yazo yansuku zonke. Kusukela ekuphikeleleni ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuya ku-acid reflux, lezi zimo zingenza imisebenzi elula efana nokudla ukudla kungakhululeki futhi kucindezele. Yilapho i-cimetidine ingena khona njengomuthi obalulekile.

Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola konke okudingeka ukwazi iziguli ngalokhu kubalulekile imithi. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo nasekuphathweni ngendlela efanele kuya emiphumeleni emibi engaba khona kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha, abafundi bazofunda ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa kwabo nge-cimetidine.

Iyini i-Cimetidine?

I-Cimetidine iyimithi enamandla ye-H2 receptor antagonist esiza ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi esiswini. Njengelungu lomndeni we-H2 blockers wemithi, umuthi we-cimetidine usebenza ngokuqondile ukwehlisa inani le-asidi ekhiqizwa esiswini. Umuthi utholakala kokubili njengomuthi kadokotela futhi njengokwelashwa ngaphandle kwekhawunta, okwenza ufinyeleleke emazingeni ahlukene ezimo ezihlobene ne-asidi.

Lo muthi udlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni izimo lapho isisu sikhiqiza ngaphezu kwe-asidi evamile, njenge-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Kuyasiza ukukhulula izimpawu ezifana ubuhlungu besisu, isilungulela, nobunzima bokugwinya kuyilapho kuvimbela ukulimala okukhulu kwe-asidi ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.

Ukusetshenziswa kweCimetidine

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamaphilisi e-cimetidine:

  • Ukwelashwa kwezilonda zesisu namathumbu
  • Ukuphathwa kwe isisu isifo se-reflux (GERD)
  • Ukulawulwa kwesifo se-acid reflux
  • Ukwelashwa kwe-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
  • Ukukhululwa ku-erosive esophagitis

Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi batusa i-cimetidine ekwelapheni izilonda zokucindezeleka nokuvimbela ukulimala okukhulu kwe-asidi ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Umuthi usiza ukuvikela ipayipi lokudla (i-esophagus) ekulimaleni okungaba khona okubangelwa i-asidi yesisu eyeqile.

Indlela yokusebenzisa amaphilisi e-Cimetidine

Imihlahlandlela Yokuphatha Ebalulekile:

  • Iziguli kufanele zigwinye amaphilisi ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. 
  • Umuthi ungaphuzwa ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, kuye ngemiyalelo kadokotela.
  • Thatha imithi ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga angashintshi
  • Sebenzisa umshini wokulinganisa oyingqayizivele wamafomu oketshezi, hhayi izinkezo zasendlini
  • Landela ubude bokwelashwa obunqunyiwe, ngisho noma izimpawu ziba ngcono
  • Ukuze usebenzise ezitolo, thatha ithebhulethi eyodwa namanzi njengoba kudingeka

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Cimetidine

Abantu abaningi bathola imiphumela engemihle evamise ukuzixazulula ngokwabo. Lezi izi:

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ihlanganisa:

  • Ukushintsha kwengqondo noma kwemizwa (ukudideka, ukuyaluza, ukudangala)
  • ukusangana
  • Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma obuhlangene
  • Ukuvuvukala kwebele kwabesilisa
  • Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
  • Ukukhathala okungajwayelekile

Ukuqapha

Iziguli kufanele ziqaphele okufanele lapho zithatha i-cimetidine ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo. 

  • Izimo Zezokwelapha Ezibalulekile Ongaxoxa Ngazo:
    • Isifo sezinso noma isibindi
    • HIV or AIDS
    • Izinkinga zesistimu yamasosha omzimba
    • Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • Diabetes
  • ukukhulelwa: Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abazama ukukhulelwa noma ibele kufanele baqaphe futhi bathintane nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuthatha amaphilisi noma amaphilisi e-cimetidine.
  • Izinyathelo Zokuqaphela Imithi: Iziguli kufanele zithathe ama-antiacidsi-digoxin, i-ketoconazole, noma izithako zensimbi okungenani amahora ama-2 ngaphambi komthamo wazo we-cimetidine.

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi yeCimetidine

Le mithi ingeyeqembu elibizwa ngokuthi i-histamine H2 receptor antagonists, elivimba ama-receptors athile esiswini.

I-Cimetidine isebenza ngokuzinamathisela kuma-H2 receptors anamandla athile okubopha (Kd ka-42 nM). Lapho la ma-receptors evinjiwe, awakwazi ukuphendula ku-histamine, okuvame ukubangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi esiswini.

Imiphumela yomuthi ihlanganisa:

  • Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi esiswini
  • Ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-pepsin
  • Ukunciphisa amazinga e-gastrin
  • Ukuvimbela ama-enzyme amaningi

Ngingathatha I-Cimetidine Ngeminye Imithi?

Ukuqonda ukusebenzisana kwemithi kubalulekile lapho uthatha i-cimetidine. Umuthi ungathinta indlela ezinye izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngayo ngezindlela eziningi:

  • Yehlisa ijubane ukukhishwa kwemithi ethile emzimbeni
  • Izinguquko endleleni eminye imithi emuncwa ngayo
  • Kuthinta ukusebenza kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Iziguli kufanele zazise odokotela bazo ngayo yonke imithi eziyithathayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi kadokotela, imithi etholakala ezitolo, kanye nezithasiselo zemithi. Okunye ukusebenzelana okuphawulekayo: 

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Imihlahlandlela Ejwayelekile Yomthamo:

  • Ngezilonda zesisu: 800 mg ngaphambi kokulala noma 300 mg izikhathi ezine ngosuku ngokudla amaviki angu-6
  • Ngokwelashwa kwe-GERD: 800 mg izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku noma 400 mg izikhathi ezine ngosuku kuze kube amasonto ayi-12
  • Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Over-the-counter: 200 mg ngamanzi, angadluli amaphilisi amabili ngosuku

Isiphetho

I-Cimetidine imele njengomuthi othembekile wokulawula izimo ezihlobene ne-asidi yesisu, isiza izigidi zabantu zithole ukukhululeka kusilungulela, izilonda kanye ne-GERD. Lo muthi we-H2 blocker unikeza kokubili izinketho zemithi kanye ne-counter-the-counter, okwenza ufinyeleleke ngezidingo ezahlukene zokwelashwa.

Iziguli kufanele zilandele ngokucophelela isimiso sazo somthamo esinqunyiwe, zibeke eminye imithi ngendlela efanele, futhi zibheke imiphumela engemihle. Ukuxhumana okuvamile nodokotela kuqinisekisa imiphumela yokwelashwa ephephile nephumelelayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-cimetidine iyisidakamizwa esiyingozi kakhulu?

I-Cimetidine inephrofayili yokuphepha eqinile uma isetshenziswa njengoba iqondiswe. Kodwa-ke, ingasebenzisana nemithi eminingi ehlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-antidepressants, imithi yamahomoni wesifazane, imithi yezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo, i-metformin, ne-warfarin.

2. I-cimetidine ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza?

Umuthi uqala ukusebenza kungakapheli isigamu sehora uwuphuze. Iziguli kufanele ziyiphuze ngaphambi kokudla noma ngaphambi kokulala ukuze zivikele ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono kakhulu.

3. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, kufanele bawuphuze ngokushesha nje lapho bekhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma cishe sekuyisikhathi somthamo olandelayo ohleliwe, qhubeka neshejuli evamile.

4. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

I-Cimetidine ibonakala iphephile ngokuphawulekayo, ngisho nakuma-overdose amakhulu. Ucwaningo alubonisi izimpawu eziphawulekayo ngisho nangokweqile okukhulu okufika ku-20g.

5. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-cimetidine?

Abantu abanezimo ezithile kufanele bagweme i-cimetidine, okuhlanganisa:

  • Labo abane-hypersensitivity kuma-H2-receptor antagonists
  • Iziguli ezinzima isifo sesibindi
  • Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezinso ezidinga ukulungiswa komthamo

6. Zingaki izinsuku okufanele ngiphuze i-cimetidine?

Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-over-the-counter, iziguli akufanele zithathe i-cimetidine isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-14 ngaphandle kokubonana nodokotela wazo.

7. Nini ukuyeka i-cimetidine?

Iziguli kufanele ziyeke ukuthatha i-cimetidine futhi zithinte udokotela wazo uma izimpawu ziqhubeka ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili noma uma zithola imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

8. Ingabe i-cimetidine iphephile ku-9kidneys?

Nakuba ngokuvamile iphephile, i-cimetidine idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ezigulini ezinezinkinga zezinso. Umuthi ungase ubangele ukwenyuka kwesikhashana kwe-urea nitrogen yegazi kanye ne-serum creatinine kwezinye iziguli.

9. Kungani uphuza i-cimetidine ebusuku?

Ukuthatha i-cimetidine ebusuku kusiza ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi ebusuku lapho ulele futhi kungabhebhethekisa izimpawu ze-reflux.

10. Ingabe i-cimetidine iyabangela gynecomastia?

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-gynecomastia yenzeke ezigulini zesilisa ezi-5 kwezingama-25 ezithatha imithamo ephezulu (1.6g nsuku zonke) isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezine.

11. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ranitidine ne-cimetidine?

Nakuba yomibili imithi yehlisa i-asidi yesisu, i-cimetidine inokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okwengeziwe. Izilinganiso zesiguli zibonisa ukuthi i-cimetidine ithole u-7.6 kwangu-10 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ranitidine engu-7.3 kwangu-10.

12. Ungakanani umkhawulo weminyaka ye-cimetidine?

Ukuphepha nokusebenza akukakasungulwa ezigulini ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 ukuze zisetshenziswe incwadi kadokotela nangaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ekwenziweni kwemithi ethengiswayo.