Clarithromycin

Clarithromycin

Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kuthinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke, kudinga izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zokulwa nakho. I-Clarithromycin igqama njengenye yemithi elwa namagciwane evame ukunikezwa odokotela ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uchaza konke iziguli okudingeka zazi mayelana ne-antibiotic clarithromycin, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo nasekuphathweni kwayo ngendlela efanele kuya emiphumeleni engemihle engase ibe khona kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha.

Kuyini iClarithromycin?

I-Clarithromycin iyi-semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic odokotela abanquma ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zamagciwane. Ingokweqembu elithile lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-macrolide antibiotics, asebenza ngokuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angakhuli ngokuphazamisa ukwakheka kwawo kwamaprotheni.

Clarithromycin 500 Ukusetshenziswa

Odokotela ngokuyinhloko basebenzisa i-clarithromycin kulokhu:

• Ukutheleleka Ngepheshana Lokuphefumula:
  • Inyumoniya kanye ne-bronchitis
  • I-acute maxillary sinusitis
  • Isifo sikaLegionnaires
  • Ukukhwehlela (pertussis)
• Amagciwane Avamile:
  • Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe (i-acute otitis media)
  • Izifo zomphimbo (pharyngitis)
  • Amathumba
  • Izifo zesikhumba nezithambile

Ithebhu ye-clarithromycin ibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwe-Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC), okungathinta abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka. 

Ibuye isetshenziswe ngokuvamile njengengxenye yokwelapha okuhlangene neminye imithi ukuze kuqedwe i-H. pylori, igciwane elibangela izilonda.

Ezimweni ezithile, odokotela bangase banqume i-clarithromycin yokwelapha:

• Isifo seLyme (okulandela ukulunywa komkhaza)
• Isifo sokuklwebha ikati
• I-Cryptosporidiosis
• Ukuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo phakathi nezinqubo zamazinyo

Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Clarithromycin Tablet

Iziguli ngokuvamile zithatha umthamo owodwa wamaphilisi avamile njalo emahoreni ayi-12 (kabili ngosuku). Amaphilisi okukhishwa okunwetshiwe adinga umthamo owodwa nje ngosuku, njengoba ekhulula umuthi kancane usuku lonke. Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa obujwayelekile buthatha izinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-14, nakuba odokotela bangase balungise lokhu ngokusekelwe ezimeni ezithile.

Nansi imiyalelo ebalulekile yokuthatha i-clarithromycin:

• Thatha umuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze uthole amazinga angaguquki emzimbeni
• Geza amaphilisi egcwele ngamanzi - ungawahlafuni, uwachoboze, noma uwaphule
• Ingaphuzwa ngokudla noma ngaphandle, nakuba amaphilisi akhululiwe asebenza kangcono ngokudla
• Qedela yonke inkambo yokwelashwa, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Clarithromycin

Imiphumela emibi evamile eyenzeka kubantu abangaphezu ko-1 kubantu abayi-100 ihlanganisa:

• Ukuzizwa ugula (isicanucanu) nokuhlanza
• Uhudo nokungakhululeki kwesisu
• Ukuqunjelwa nokuqunjelwa
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• Izinguquko ekunambithekeni
• Ubunzima bokulala (ukuqwasha)

Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
• Ukuphuzi kwamehlo noma isikhumba
• Isisu esibuhlungu noma ubuhlungu beqolo
• Igazi endle
• ukusangana

Ezimweni ezingavamile, iziguli zingase zibe nokungezwani okukhulu okubizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis. Usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo luyadingeka uma othile eba:

• Ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe kwezindebe, umlomo, noma umphimbo
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Ukushintsha umbala okuluhlaza kwesikhumba, ulimi, noma izindebe
• Isiyezi esinzima noma ukudideka

Ukuqapha

Ngaphambi kokuqala umuthi, abantu kufanele bazise udokotela wabo mayelana: 

• Noma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba, ikakhulukazi kuma-macrolide antibiotics njenge-erythromycin noma i-azithromycin
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, okuhlanganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma isifo se-coronary artery
• Isifo noma isifo sezinso
• Izimo zobuthakathaka bemisipha (myasthenia gravis)
• Amazinga aphansi e-potassium noma i-magnesium egazini
• Umlando we-jaundice noma izinkinga zesibindi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-clarithromycin

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwabantu: 

• Abantu abadala asebekhulile bangase bazwele kakhulu emiphumeleni emibi yomuthi, ikakhulukazi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa nokushintsha kwesigqi senhliziyo. 
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele basebenzise i-clarithromycin kuphela lapho kudingeka ngokucacile, ngoba ingase ilimaze umbungu. 
• Umuthi udlulela obisini lwebele, ngakho-ke omama abahlengikazi kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa.

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Clarithromycin

I-Clarithromycin iqondise izingxenye ezithile zamaseli ebhaktheriya okuthiwa ama-ribosomes. Lawa ma-ribosomes asebenza njengezimboni ezincane zamaprotheni ngaphakathi kwamagciwane. Umuthi ubophezela engxenyeni ethile yalezi zimboni - i-50S subunit ye-ribosome yebhaktheriya - futhi iwavimbe ekwakhiweni kwamaprotheni amasha.

Izici ezibalulekile zesenzo sikaClarithromycin:

• Ivimba ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni ebhaktheriya ngokubophezela ku-ribosomal RNA
• Idala ifomu elisebenzayo elibizwa nge-14-(R)-hydroxy CAM elisiza ukulwa namagciwane
• Ihlala isebenza emzimbeni amahora angama-5-7 ngemuva kokuthatha umthamo we-500mg
• Isebenza ngempumelelo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithathwe ngokudla noma ngaphandle, nakuba ukudla kungase kwandise ukugxila kwakho egazini

Imithi iqala idlule ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla bese ingena egazini. Esibindini, sishintsha sibe amafomu ahlukene, ngefomu elilodwa - 14-(R)-hydroxy CAM - elisebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni namagciwane. Le nqubo isiza i-clarithromycin ukuthi igcine amandla ayo okulwa namagciwane kuso sonke isikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Clarithromycin Neminye Imithi?

Imithi eminingana ingasebenzisana namaphilisi e-clarithromycin, okungase kubangele imiphumela elimazayo noma kunciphise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa. Odokotela badinga ukwazi nganoma yimiphi imithi ethathwa iziguli, ikakhulukazi:

• Imithi elwa nokuquleka
• Izinto ezinciphisa igazi njenge-warfarin
• Imithi ethile yokulwa nokukhathazeka
• Ama-statins anciphisa i-cholesterol
• Imithi ye-ergot ye-migraines
• Imithi yesigqi senhliziyo
• Amanye ama-antibiotics

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Ezifweni eziningi zebhaktheriya, abantu abadala bavame ukuthola:

• 250 mg kuya ku-500 mg njalo emahoreni ayi-12 izinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-14
• I-1000 mg kanye ngosuku kumathebulethi akhululiwe
• 500 mg njalo emahoreni angu-8 ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwe-H. pylori

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Komthamo 

• Abantu abanokukhubazeka okukhulu kwezinso (i-creatinine imvume engaphansi kuka-30 mL/min) kufanele bathole uhhafu womthamo ojwayelekile. 
• Ezigulini esezikhulile, odokotela bangase baqale ngemithamo ephansi futhi balungise njengoba kudingeka.
• Izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-6 ngokuvamile zithola imithamo esekelwe isisindo somzimba wazo - ngokuvamile u-7.5 mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba njalo emahoreni ayi-12. Nokho, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 kufanele zisebenzise uketshezi kunamaphilisi.

Isiphetho

I-Clarithromycin ime njengesibulala-magciwane esinamandla esiza izigidi zabantu ukulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa amagciwane. I-Clarithromycin 500mg isetshenziselwa izifo zokuphefumula, izimo zesikhumba, nezilonda zesisu.

Iziguli kufanele zikhumbule la maphuzu abalulekile mayelana nemithi ye-clarithromycin:

• Thatha isifundo esigcwele njengoba kushiwo
• Bika imiphumela emibi ngokushesha
• Xoxa neminye imithi nodokotela
• Ungalokothi uwusebenzisele izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane

Impumelelo nge-clarithromycin incike ekulandeleni umthamo onqunyiwe kanye nokuqeda yonke inkambo yokwelashwa. Iziguli ezithola izimpawu ezingavamile kufanele zithinte udokotela wazo ngokushesha. Le ndlela yokucophelela isiza ukuqinisekisa imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa kuyilapho inciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukusetshenziswa kwe-clarithromycin kungabangela isifo sohudo?

Yebo, i-clarithromycin ingabangela isifo sohudo njengomphumela omubi. Uma iziguli zithola isifo sohudo esimanzi noma esinegazi, kufanele zithinte udokotela wazo ngokushesha. Njalo thintana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi wokulwa nesifo sohudo.

2. I-clarithromycin ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza?

Iziguli eziningi zibona ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ziqale ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha cishe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ukubona imiphumela ebonakalayo yezifo zesikhumba njenge-cellulitis. Umugqa wesikhathi ungase ube mude ngezifo zesisu ezibangelwa i-H. pylori, ngisho nangemva kokuba amagciwane esekhishiwe.

3. Kuthiwani uma ngingabi ngcono ngemva kokusebenzisa i-clarithromycin?

Iziguli kufanele zithinte udokotela wazo uma zingathuthuki ngemva kokuthatha i-clarithromycin:

• Izinsuku ezi-3 zokutheleleka kwesifuba
• Izinsuku eziyi-7 zokutheleleka kwesikhumba njenge-cellulitis

4. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Thatha umthamo ogejiwe ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma sekusondele isikhathi somthamo olandelayo ohleliwe, yeqa umthamo we-clarithromycin ogejiwe futhi uqhubeke neshejuli evamile. Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ubuyisele umthamo ogejiwe.

5. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

Ukuthatha umthamo owengeziwe we-clarithromycin kungase kubangele imiphumela emibi yesikhashana efana nale:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Uhudo

6. Ingabe i-clarithromycin ilungele ukukhwehlela?

I-Clarithromycin isebenza kuphela ngokumelene nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, hhayi namagciwane. Ngeke kusize ukukhwehlela okubangelwa amagciwane afana nomkhuhlane.

7. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-clarithromycin?

Abantu kufanele bagweme i-clarithromycin uma:

• Ube nokungezwani komzimba kuma-macrolide antibiotics
• Unezinkinga zesibindi noma izinso
• Ukhulelwe noma uzama ukukhulelwa

8. Zingaki izinsuku zokuphuza i-clarithromycin?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa esijwayelekile siyizinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-14. Kubalulekile ukuqeda yonke inkambo enqunyiwe, ngisho noma izimpawu ziba ngcono, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kubuye futhi kugwenywe ukumelana nama-antibiotic.