I-Clonidine

I-Clonidine

Abantu abaningi bahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukunakekelwa kwephutha lokungaboni kahle (ADHD), noma izimpawu zokuhoxa entweni ethile. I-Clonidine iyimithi eguquguqukayo odokotela abayinikeza ukubhekana nalezi zimo zezokwelapha ezihlukahlukene. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uhlola konke iziguli okudingeka zazi mayelana nemithi ye-clonidine, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele, imiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo.

Yini iClonidine?

I-Clonidine imithi kadokotela evela eqenjini lezidakamizwa elibizwa ngokuthi i-centrally acting alpha-agonist hypotensive agents. Umuthi usebenza ngokuthinta ama-receptors athile ebuchosheni asiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi, ukunaka, neminye imisebenzi yomzimba. Ifinyelela lokhu ngokunciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphumuza imithambo yegazi. Ivumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ngokuphumelelayo kuwo wonke umzimba.

Umuthi utholakala ngezindlela ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi, amaphilisi akhishwa isikhathi eside, nama-transdermal patches agqokwa esikhumbeni. Iqala ukusebenza phakathi nemizuzu engamashumi ayisithupha ukuyiphuza, nemiphumela yayo yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ehlala amahora afika kwayisishiyagalombili.

Ukuguquguquka kwe-Clonidine kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu emithini yesimanje. Nakuba ekuqaleni yayithuthukiswe ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, amandla ayo okuthinta umsebenzi wobuchopho ku-prefrontal cortex iholele ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ngempumelelo ekwelapheni i-ADHD nezinye izimo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Clonidine

Umuthi unokusetshenziswa okugunyazwe yi-FDA kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza odokotela abazithole zizuzisa ngolwazi lomtholampilo.

Ukusetshenziswa okugunyazwe yi-FDA:

• Ukwelashwa komfutho wegazi ophakeme, kungaba yedwa noma kuhlanganiswe neminye imithi
• Ukuphathwa kwe-ADHD ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 nangaphezulu
• Ukukhululwa kobuhlungu obukhulu bomdlavuza uma kuhlanganiswa nama-opiates
• Ukulawulwa kwezimpawu ngesikhathi sokuhoxa ezintweni ezifana nama-opioid, utshwala, nama-benzodiazepines

Okulandelayo ezinye izinkomba ze-clonidine "ezingekho kulebula":

• Ukulawula ukukhathazeka kanye ne-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Ukulawula ukushisa okushisayo ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini
• Ukwelapha i-restless leg syndrome
• Ukusiza ngezinhlungu ezinzima zokuya esikhathini
• Ukusekela imizamo yokuyeka ukubhema
• Ukuvimbela migraine izinhlungu zekhanda

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Clonidine Tablet

• Isikhathi semithamo sidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komuthi. Iziguli zingathatha i-clonidine ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngemithamo eyodwa yansuku zonke. Nokho, njengoba imithi ingabangela ukozela, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukuyiphuza ngaphambi kokulala.
• Ngokusebenzisa umthamo kabili ngosuku, iziguli kufanele:
  • Thatha umthamo wokuqala ekuseni futhi umthamo wesibili kusihlwa
  • Imithamo yesikhala ngamahora ayi-10-12 ngokuhlukana
  • Thatha ingxenye enkulu ngesikhathi sokulala uma imithamo ihluka ngosayizi
  • Gcina isikhathi esingaguquki usuku ngalunye
• Iziguli zingaphuza amaphilisi e-clonidine ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. 
• Geza ithebhulethi yonke ngamanzi. 
• Kulawo anqunyelwe amaphilisi akhishwa isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukuthi ungawachobozi, ungawahlafuni noma ungawaphuli.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Clonidine Tablet

Imiphumela engemihle evamile ngokuvamile engadingi ukunakwa ngokushesha ihlanganisa:

• Umlomo owomile nomphimbo
• Ukozela okuncane noma ukukhathala
• Isiyezi lapho usukuma
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliphansi
• ukuqunjelwa
• Ukunciphisa ukudla
• Izinkinga zokulala

Iziguli kufanele zithinte odokotela bazo ngokushesha uma zithola lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okunensa
• ezinzima isiyezi noma ukuquleka
• Impilo yengqondo iyashintsha njengokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka
• Ukushintsha kwemizwa okungajwayelekile
• Ukuvuvuka wezandla noma izinyawo
• Ukukhwabanisa isikhumba noma ukushaya
• Umbono uyashintsha
• Izinwele ezinzima

Ukuqapha

Iziguli ezinqunywe i-clonidine zidinga ukulandela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo.

Iziguli akufanele ziyeke ukuthatha i-clonidine ngaphandle kwesiqondiso sikadokotela wazo. Ukuyekisa ukuqhubeka kungazelelwe kungabangela ukwanda okuyingozi komfutho wegazi kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa, okuhlanganisa ukungahlaliseki, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuyaluza, nobuhlungu bekhanda.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Ukwazisa odokotela ngezimo ezikhona ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, pheochromocytoma, izinkinga zezinso, noma ukucindezeleka
• Ukuphatha imithi eyanele ngamaholide nangezimpelasonto
• Ukugwema utshwala njengoba kungase kubhebhethekise imiphumela engemihle
• Ukusukuma kancane uhlezi noma ulele ukuze uvimbele isiyezi
• Ukuhlala u-hydrated futhi ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Clonidine

Lo muthi usebenza ngokukhomba ama-receptors athile ebuchosheni abizwa nge-alpha-2 adrenergic kanye nemidazoline receptors.

Lapho isiguli sithatha i-clonidine, iqala uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Umuthi wenza kusebenze ama-receptors endaweni yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-nucleus tractus solitarii. Lokhu kubangela ukuncipha komsebenzi jikelele wesimiso sezinzwa esinozwela.

Imiphumela ye-clonidine ihlanganisa:

• Ukuphumula kwemithambo yegazi
• Kunciphise isilinganiso senhliziyo
• Umfutho wegazi owehlisiwe
• Ukugeleza kwegazi okuthuthukisiwe kuya enhliziyweni
• Ukuncipha kwezimpawu zobuhlungu ezimweni ezithile

Ukuze ulawule ubuhlungu, i-clonidine isebenza ngezindlela eziningi. Kuthinta uphondo lomgogodla womgogodla, lapho izimpawu eziningi zobuhlungu ziqala khona. Umuthi udala ukukhululwa kwe-norepinephrine, ebophezela kuma-alpha-2 receptors futhi isize ukunciphisa ukudluliswa kobuhlungu.

Ngingathatha I-Clonidine Ngeminye Imithi?

Umuthi ungasebenzisana nezinye izidakamizwa eziningi, okungaba nomthelela ekutheni zisebenza kahle kangakanani noma kwandise ubungozi bemiphumela engemihle.

Imithi Ebalulekile Ongayibuka:

• Imithi yomfutho wegazi kanye nemithi yenhliziyo
• Imithi ye ADHD, njenge-methylphenidate
• Imithi yezempilo yengqondo, kuhlanganise nama-antidepressants
• Imithi yobuhlungu (NSAIDs) efana ibuprofen
• Amaphilisi okulala noma imithi elwa nokukhathazeka

Ulwazi lomthamo

Kubantu abadala abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isimiso esivamile somthamo sihlanganisa:

• Umthamo wokuqala: 0.1 mg kabili ngosuku (ekuseni nangaphambi kokulala)
• Umthamo wesondlo: 0.2 kuya ku-0.6 mg ngosuku ngemithamo ehlukanisiwe
• Umthamo omkhulu: 2.4 mg ngosuku ngemithamo ehlukanisiwe

Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 nangaphezulu nge ADHD, odokotela banquma amaphilisi akhululiwe aqala ku-0.1 mg ngesikhathi sokulala. Umthamo ungakhuphuka ngo-0.1 mg ngesonto uze ufinyelele impendulo oyifunayo, ngesilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-0.4 mg nsuku zonke.

Ezigulini ezisebenzisa ama-transdermal patches:

• Umthamo wokuqala: 0.1 mg/isiqephu samahora angama-24 sishintshwa masonto onke
• Ukubekwa kwepheshi: Gcoba endaweni engenaboya engalweni engenhla noma esifubeni
• Umthamo omkhulu: Amapeshi amabili angu-0.3 mg/amahora angama-24

Isiphetho

I-Clonidine ime njengomuthi onamandla osiza izigidi zeziguli ukuphatha izimo zempilo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kumfutho wegazi ophakeme kuya ku-ADHD. Impumelelo yomuthi incike kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okufanele, ekuqapheni ngokucophelela, nasekuxhumaneni okuvulekile nodokotela.

Iziguli ezilandela uhlelo lwazo lomthamo olunqunyiwe, zibuke imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, futhi zazise odokotela bazo ngeminye imithi ngokuvamile zibona imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Ukusebenza kahle komuthi kuvela emandleni awo ayingqayizivele okusebenza nesimiso sezinzwa zomzimba, okuwenza ube wusizo kuzo zombili izimo zomzimba nezinzwa.

Ukuphepha kuseza kuqala uma uthatha i-clonidine. Iziguli akufanele neze zilungise umthamo wazo ngaphandle kokugadwa udokotela futhi kufanele zihlale zihlolwa nodokotela wazo. Le ndlela yokucophelela isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi uletha izinzuzo ezihlosiwe kuyilapho unciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-clonidine iwumuthi onobungozi obukhulu?

Nakuba i-clonidine idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela, ngokuvamile iphephile uma ithathwa njengoba kushiwo. Nokho, iziguli zidinga ukuhlolwa njalo njengoba imithi ingabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu kwezinye izimo.

2. I-clonidine ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza?

I-Clonidine ngokuvamile iqala ukusebenza phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30-60 yokulawula umfutho wegazi. Imiphumela egcwele ingathatha izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ukuthuthukisa, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ama-patches.

3. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Umuntu kufanele athole umthamo ogejiwe ngokushesha nje lapho ekhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma cishe sekuyisikhathi somthamo olandelayo ohleliwe, yeqa ogejiwe. Ungalokothi uthathe umthamo ophindwe kabili ukuze ubuyisele ogejiwe.

4. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

I-Clonidine overdose idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Izimpawu zihlanganisa:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo nobunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukozela okukhulu nokudideka
• Abafundi abancane nababandayo, isikhumba esiphaphathekile

5. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-clonidine?

I-Clonidine ayibafanele abantu abane:

• Umlando wokungezwani komzimba nemithi
• Izinkinga ezinzima zenhliziyo noma zezinso
• Izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi
• Ukucindezeleka komtholampilo

6. Zingaki izinsuku okufanele ngithathe i-clonidine?

Ubude besikhathi buncike esimweni lapho i-clonidine inqunyelwe khona. Ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, iziguli zingadinga ukuwuthatha isikhathi eside. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela uzonquma ubude besikhathi esifanele.

7. Nini ukuyeka i-clonidine?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-clonidine kungazelelwe. Udokotela uzodala uhlelo lokunciphisa kancane kancane phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-2-7 ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda komfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa.

8. Ingabe i-clonidine iphephile ezinso?

I-Clonidine empeleni ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinso ezigulini ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Nokho, iziguli ezinezinkinga zezinso zingadinga ukulungiswa komthamo.

9. Kungani uthatha i-clonidine ebusuku?

Ukuthatha i-clonidine ebusuku kusiza ukunciphisa ukozela kwasemini futhi kusebenzisa imiphumela yako yokuthulisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokulala.

10. Ingabe i-clonidine iyiphilisi lezinhlungu?

Nakuba ingeyona into edambisa izinhlungu, i-clonidine ingasiza ekulawuleni izinhlobo ezithile zobuhlungu, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswa neminye imithi yobuhlungu.

11. Ingabe i-clonidine iyi-antibiotic?

Cha, i-clonidine ayiyona i-antibiotic. Kungokwesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-centrally acting alpha-agonist hypotensive agents.