I-Dextromethorphan

I-Dextromethorphan

I-Dextromethorphan umuthi osetshenziswa njengokucindezela ukukhwehlela. Isebenza kumasignali asebuchosheni anesibopho sokucupha ukukhwehlela reflex.
Kuwumuthi othengwayo futhi ukhona emithini eminingi ehlanganisiwe kadokotela.

Lo muthi ngeke uphumelele ekwelapheni ukukhwehlela okubangelwa ufuba, emphysema, noma ukubhema. Indlela yayo iqondise ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi, okulwenza lufanelekele ukukhululeka kwezimpawu zokukhwehlela ngenxa yomkhuhlane ovamile noma izifo zokuphefumula. Ezimweni ezingapheli zokuphefumula, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ziyelulekwa. Ukubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo kuyatuswa, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ukufakwa kwayo emithini eyinhlanganisela, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokufanelekile.

Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-Dextromethorphan?

Lo muthi uyasebenza ekusizeni isikhashana ukukhwehlela ngaphandle kwephlegm. Iwusizo kwezinye izifo ezisephaseji lomoya njenge: 

• I-Sinusitis: sinusitis ibonakala ngokuvuvukala kwamaphaseji e-sinus, ngokuvamile ahambisana nezimpawu ezinjengokucinana kwamakhala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nokukhwehlela. I-Dextromethorphan isiza ekudambiseni ukukhwehlela okomile okuhlobene ne-sinusitis, inikeze abantu impumuzo esifisweni esiqhubekayo sokukhwehlela, okuvumela ukunethezeka okuthuthukisiwe ngesikhathi sokululama kulokhu kutheleleka kwe-sinus.
• Ukubanda Okujwayelekile: The umkhuhlane kuvame ukubandakanya ukukhwehlela okomile, okucasulayo njengengxenye yezimpawu zayo. I-Dextromethorphan inenzuzo ekulawuleni lolu hlobo lokukhwehlela, inikeza ukukhululeka kwesikhashana ngokucindezela i-reflex yokukhwehlela. Ngokunciphisa izimpawu zokukhwehlela, abantu abanomkhuhlane ovamile bangathola ukuphumula okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuphila kahle phakathi nokugula.

Nakuba i-Dextromethorphan ibalulekile ekusizeni isikhashana esifushane ezimeni zokuphefumula ezinzima, ngokuvamile ayinconywa ukuphatha izinkinga zokuphefumula zesikhathi eside ezifana ne-emphysema noma i-bronchitis engapheli. Lezi zimo ezingapheli zidinga indlela ebanzi, ngokuvamile ehilela imithi ehambisana nemvelo ethile yesifo sokuphefumula kanye namasu okuphatha isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abanezimo zokuphefumula ezingapheli baxhumane nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze bathole iseluleko esiqondene nabo sokuphatha izimpawu zabo ngempumelelo kanye nokugcina impilo yokuphefumula isikhathi eside.

Ungayithatha kanjani futhi nini i-Dextromethorphan?

• Umuthi uvame ukuthathwa njalo emahoreni ama-4-12 njengokusho kukadokotela. Udokotela angase aluleke ukuphuza umuthi ngokudla noma ngobisi ukuze ugweme ukucasula isisu.
• Sebenzisa idivayisi yokulinganisa efanele ukukala i-Dextromethorphan esikhundleni sezinkezo zasekhishini, njengoba kungase kuthinte inani lomuthi owudlayo.
• Uma unethebhulethi noma umucu ohlakazekayo, yiyeke incibilike kahle emlonyeni. 
• Gcina i-dextromethorphan igcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa, kude nokushisa, ukukhanya, kanye nomswakama.

Iyini imiphumela emibi ye-Dextromethorphan?

Uma uqaphela noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njenge ukukhathazeka ukuphefumula, isifuba, noma ukuvuvukala ebusweni, olimini, emphinjeni, noma ezindebeni, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. 

Umphumela omubi kakhulu futhi okungenzeka kakhulu wokuthatha i-Dextromethorphan kungaba isisu esicasukile. 

Eminye imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingabandakanya: 

• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu, isiyezi, uvalo, noma ukungahlaliseki
• Ukuquleka/ ukudlikizela
• Ukudideka
• ukusangana
• Ukuphefumula kancane futhi okungajulile. 

Imiphumela Emibi Evamile:

• Isiyezi: I-Dextromethorphan ingabangela isiyezi ngokuphazamisa umsebenzi ovamile we-neural ebuchosheni, okuthinta ibhalansi nokuxhumana.
• Isicanucanu: Kungacasula ulwelwesi lwesisu, kuholele ekuzizweleni isicanucanu.
• Ukozela: Njengengxenye yesimiso sezinzwa esicindezelayo, kungabangela ukuqunjelwa kanye nokozela.
• Umlomo Owomile: Umuthi unganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathe, okuholela emlonyeni owomile.
• Ukuqunjelwa: Kunganciphisa ukuhamba kwamathumbu, kubangele ukuqunjelwa.

Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu:

• Ama-hallucinations: Ngemithamo ephezulu, i-dextromethorphan ingaphazamisa ama-NMDA receptors ebuchosheni, okuholela ekuhlanekeni kwezinzwa kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho.
• Ukushaya Kwenhliziyo Esheshayo: Kungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwenyukayo, okungase kube yinkinga kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo.
• Ukuquleka: Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungehlisa umkhawulo wokuquleka, okuholela ekudlikizeni.
• Izinkinga Zokuphefumula: Imithamo ephezulu ingacindezela uhlelo lokuphefumula, ibangele ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• I-Serotonin Syndrome: Uma ithathwa neminye imithi ethinta amazinga e-serotonin, njengama-antidepressants athile, ingaholela ku-serotonin syndrome, ebonakala ngokuyaluza, ukudideka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Uma uhlangabezana nale miphumela emibi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.   

Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele zithathwe?

• I-Dextromethorphan ngokuvamile ayinconyelwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 ubudala. Hlala uthintana nodokotela ngaphambi kokunikeza izingane imithi ebandayo neyokukhwehlela. 
• I-Dextromethorphan ayifaneleki uma usebenzise i-MAO inhibitors njenge-isocarboxazid, i-Marplan, i-phenelzine, i-rasagiline, i-selegiline, i-tranylcypromine, i-methylene blue injection amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi. 
• Ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi wokukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, noma i-allergies, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wakho. Uma imikhiqizo ethile ithathwa ndawonye, ​​ungase uthathe umuthi owodwa noma ngaphezulu kakhulu. 
• Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe, uhlela ukukhulelwa, noma ibele ukuxoxa ngokuphepha kokusebenzisa i-dextromethorphan.
• Ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo ekulebula futhi ulandele iziqondiso zikadokotela. 

Yiziphi imithamo ye-Dextromethorphan?

Imithamo ye-dextromethorphan ingahluka kuye ngokwakhiwa okuthile komuthi, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, kanye neminyaka yomuntu ngamunye. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yemithamo enconyiwe enikezwe uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma njengoba kukhonjisiwe ephaketheni lomkhiqizo. Imithamo ivamise ukucaciswa ngokuya ngama-milligrams (mg) we-dextromethorphan ngethamo ngalinye. Nayi eminye imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile:

• Okwabantu Abadala kanye Nezingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12:
  • Umthamo ojwayelekile womlomo: 10-20 mg njalo emahoreni angama-4-6 njengoba kudingeka.
  • Umthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke: 120 mg esikhathini esingamahora angama-24.
• Okwezingane ezineminyaka engu-6-12 ubudala:
  • Umthamo ungahluka, kodwa ngokuvamile uzungeze i-5-10 mg njalo emahoreni angu-4-6 njengoba kudingeka.
  • Umthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke: 60 mg esikhathini esingamahora angama-24.
• Okwezingane ezineminyaka engu-4-6 ubudala:
  • Umthamo ngokuvamile uphansi, ngokuvamile uzungeze i-2.5-5 mg njalo emahoreni angu-4-6 njengoba kudingeka.
  • Umthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke: 30 mg esikhathini esingamahora angama-24.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa idivayisi yokulinganisa efanele, njengenkomishi yokudosa enikeziwe noma isirinji, lapho unikeza ukwakheka koketshezi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulinganisa okunembile. Ukwengeza, abantu akufanele beqe umthamo onconywayo, njengoba ukweqa umthamo onconywayo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.

Kuthiwani uma ngiphuthelwe umthamo we-Dextromethorphan?

Umuthi wokukhwehlela ngokuvamile uthathwa njengoba kudingeka. Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi akakunikezanga uhlelo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhohlwa umthamo othize, thatha ngokushesha umthamo ogejiwe lapho ukhumbula.

Uma kuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, yeqa owangaphambilini uthathe umthamo olandelayo. Ungazami ukuthatha imithamo emibili ye-Dextromethorphan ukulungisa umthamo ogejiwe. 

Kuthiwani uma kune-overdose ye-Dextromethorphan?

Uma uphuze ngaphezu komthamo onconyiwe, thola usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo. Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi uphuze ngokweqile kungaba ukuhlanza, ukozela, isicanucanu, isiyezi, ukuhlanza, ukuphefumula okunenkinga, ukuquleka, nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. 

Yiziphi izimo zokugcina ze-Dextromethorphan?

• Gcina imithi iphephile futhi ikude nezingane. 
• Gcina umuthi ekamelweni lokushisa phakathi kuka-20 kuya ku-25C (68 kuya ku-77F). 
• Gcina umuthi ukude nokushisa, ukukhanya, nomswakama. 
• Ungazami ukumisa umuthi.
• Yigcine esitsheni esivaliwe. 

Ukulahlwa komuthi

Imithi engadingeki kufanele ilahlwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjelwe izilwane ezifuywayo, izingane, nabanye ekuyidleni. Ukuwakhukhumeza phansi endlini yangasese akukhuthazwa. Indlela ephephile nephumelelayo kakhulu yokulahla le mithi ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokubuyisela imithi, oluqinisekisa ukuthi imithi iphathwa futhi ilahlwa ngokuphepha nangokuzibophezela, ivikela kokubili abantu nendawo ezungezile.

Ukuqapha neminye imithi

Ukusebenzisa i-Dextromethorphan ngemithi elandelayo kungaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, yazisa udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi uma usebenzisa le mithi elandelayo:

• I-Celecoxib 
• I-Cinacalcet 
• I-Darifenacin
• I-Imatinib
• I-Quinidine
• I-Ranolazine
• URitonavir
• Sibutramine
• I-Terbinafine

Futhi, yazisa udokotela wakho uma usebenzisa imithi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ukucindezeleka.

I-Dextromethorphan ibonisa ngokushesha kangakanani imiphumela?

Umuthi uzoqala ukubonakala emizuzwini engama-30-60 ngemuva kokujova umuthi. Ingafinyelela umphumela omkhulu phakathi kwamahora angu-2-4. 

Ngenkathi uthatha imithi efana ne-Dextromethorphan, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela enikezwa uchwepheshe wezempilo. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha uma uba nemiphumela engemihle. Yazisa ngokunembile abasebenzi bezokwelapha ngemithi osuvele uyidla noma osuyiphuzile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuze ugweme izinkinga. 

Kufanele ngithinte nini udokotela ngemiphumela emibi?

Uma unemiphumela engemihle evela ku-dextromethorphan, njengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukozela, noma isiyezi, ungakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu ekhaya. Nokho, uma uzizwa usozela kakhulu noma unesiyezi, thintana nodokotela wakho. Ungase udinge umthamo ophansi noma umuthi ohlukile.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu efana nokuyaluza, imfiva ephezulu, noma ukuphefumula kanzima, idinga ukunakwa ngokushesha.

I-Dextromethorphan Vs Pholcodine

Faqs

1. Ungakwazi yini ukuthatha i-dextromethorphan neminye imithi?

Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlole nochwepheshe bezempilo noma usokhemisi ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa i-dextromethorphan neminye imithi. Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa ezithile kungase kwenzeke, futhi kungahluka kuye ngemithi ethile ehilelekile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngayo yonke imithi, okuhlanganisa nemithi kadokotela kanye nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta, kanye nezithasiselo, ozithathayo.

2. Ingabe i-dextromethorphan iphephile ezinganeni?

I-Dextromethorphan ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengephephile ezinganeni uma isetshenziswa njengoba iqondiswa. Nokho, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela enconyiwe yemithamo esekelwe eminyakeni yobudala nesisindo sengane. Abanakekeli kufanele bakugweme ukunikeza imithi eminingi enezithako ezifanayo ukuvimbela ukweqisa kwezidakamizwa ngengozi. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wezingane noma uchwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokunikeza izingane noma imiphi imithi.

3. Ingabe i-dextromethorphan iwukukhwehlela esifubeni noma okomile?

I-Dextromethorphan ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhwehlela okomile, okungakhiqizi. Isebenza ngokucindezela i-reflex yokukhwehlela ebuchosheni, inikeze ukukhululeka kwesikhashana esifiso sokukhwehlela. Kungase kungasebenzi kahle ekukhwehleleni kwesifuba noma okukhiqizayo lapho inhloso ngokuvamile kuwukusiza ukukhulula nokukhipha amafinyila. Ezimweni zokukhwehlela esifubeni, kungase kunconywe i-expectorant esikhundleni salokho.

4. Ingabe i-dextromethorphan ibangela ukozela?

Ukozela akuwona umphumela ovamile we-dextromethorphan. I-Dextromethorphan iklanyelwe ukukhomba ngokuqondile i-reflex yokukhwehlela ebuchosheni futhi ayinayo imiphumela yokudambisa. Nokho, ukusabela komuntu ngamunye emithini kungahluka, futhi abanye abantu bangase babe nobuthongo. Kutuswa ukuhlola impendulo yakho emuthini ngaphambi kokwenza izinto ezidinga ukuqapha, futhi uma ukozela kwenzeka, kutuswa ukugwema ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini esindayo.

5. Iyini ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-dextromethorphan? 

I-Dextromethorphan isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengendlela yokucindezela ukukhwehlela. Kuyasiza ekunciphiseni isifiso sokukhwehlela ngokusebenza esikhungweni sokukhwehlela sobuchopho.

6. Ubani okungafanele athathe i-dextromethorphan? 

Abantu okufanele bagweme i-dextromethorphan bahlanganisa:

• Labo abathatha i-MAO inhibitors (uhlobo lwe-antidepressant)
• Abantu abanomlando wezimo ezithile zempilo yengqondo
• Abantu abanokukhwehlela okungapheli ngenxa yokubhema, isifuba somoya, noma i-emphysema 

7. Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ngikugweme ngenkathi ngithatha i-dextromethorphan?

Gwema utshwala kanye ne-grapefruit noma ijusi yamagilebhisi, njengoba kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi.

8. Ingabe i-dextromethorphan ilungele inhliziyo? 

I-Dextromethorphan ayizuzisi inhliziyo ngokuqondile futhi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze uthole iseluleko.

9. Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-dextromethorphan ebusuku? 

Yebo, ungathatha i-dextromethorphan ebusuku. Kungasiza ukucindezela ubusuku ukukhwehlela futhi uthuthukise ukulala.

10. Kwenzekani uma une-dextromethorphan eningi? 

Ukuthatha i-dextromethorphan eningi kungabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu njengesiyezi, ukudideka, ukubona izinto ezingekho, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungasongela ukuphila. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kusolwa ukweqisa izidakamizwa.

11. Siyini isixwayiso se-dextromethorphan? 

Izexwayiso zihlanganisa ukugwema ukusebenzisa ama-MAO inhibitors, okungeqi imithamo enconyiwe, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuqapha uma unezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo senhliziyo. Kungase futhi kubangele ukozela, ngakho gwema ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini esindayo uma kuthintekile.

12. Ingabe i-dextromethorphan izokwenza ulale?

I-Dextromethorphan ingabangela ukozela kwabanye abantu, nakuba lokhu kungewona umphumela ohlangene wendawo yonke. Qaphela uma uqala ukuyithatha ukuze ubone ukuthi ikuthinta kanjani.

13. Ingakanani i-dextromethorphan ephephile ngosuku?

Umthamo ophephile we-dextromethorphan uyahlukahluka ngomkhiqizo nomuntu ngamunye. Ngokuvamile, abantu abadala akufanele badlule i-120 mg ngosuku. Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela imiyalelo yomthamo kulebula yomkhiqizo noma njengoba unqunywe umhlinzeki wezempilo.

14. Ingabe i-dextromethorphan ibangela i-BP ephezulu?

I-Dextromethorphan ingase inyuse umfutho wegazi, ikakhulukazi uma ithathwa ngemithamo ephezulu noma ihlanganiswe nezinye izinto ezinemiphumela efanayo. Abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme kufanele bawusebenzise ngokuqapha futhi bathintane nomhlinzeki wezempilo.

References:

https://www.drugs.com/Dextromethorphan.html https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-363/Dextromethorphan-hbr-oral/details
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/Dextromethorphan-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20068661

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha alwenzelwe ukufaka iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ulwazi aluhloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka, imiphumela engemihle, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Lolu lwazi aluhloselwe ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi othile kufanelekile, kuphephile, noma kuyasebenza wena noma omunye umuntu. Ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi noma isexwayiso mayelana nomuthi akufanele kuhunyushwe njengesiqinisekiso esicacile esivela enhlanganweni. Sikweluleka ngokuqinile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma kukhona okukukhathazayo ngomuthi futhi ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.