I-diphenhydramine

I-diphenhydramine

I-Diphenhydramine, umuthi ovamile otholakala emikhayeni eminingi, ithonya izici ezihlukahlukene zempilo yethu. Kusukela ekusizeni nge-allergies kuya ekusizeni ukulala, lesi sidakamizwa esenza izinto ezihlukahlukene sesiyisixazululo kwabaningi. Kodwa iyini ngempela i-diphenhydramine, futhi isebenza kanjani umlingo wayo?

Kule bhulogi enemininingwane, sizohlola ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-diphenhydramine futhi sixoxe ngemiphumela yayo emzimbeni. 

Iyini i-Diphenhydramine?

I-Diphenhydramine umuthi oyingxenye ye-antihistamines. Kuwumuthi oguquguqukayo osetshenziswa kabanzi ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokudambisa izimpawu. Izici zayo zokulalisa ziyenza ibe yisithako esivamile ezinsizakalweni zokulala ezithengwayo. I-Diphenhydramine itholakala ngazo zombili izinhlobo zemithi kanye ne-over-the-counter.

Ukusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile kwe-Diphenhydramine

I-Diphenhydramine umuthi oguquguqukayo onokusetshenziswa okuningana okuvamile, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Allergy Relief: Enye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-diphenhydramine ukuhlinzeka ngempumuzo umkhuhlane kanye ne-hay fever. Kungadambisa ukungaphatheki kahle okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba, njengokuqubuka, ukulunywa, amehlo agcwele amanzi, ikhala nomphimbo olumelayo, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligijimayo, nokuthimula.
• Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Esinyakazayo: I-Diphenhydramine ivikela ngempumelelo futhi yelapha isicanucanu, ukuhlanza & isiyezi okuhambisana nesifo sokunyakaza. 
• Usizo Lokulala: Izici zokulalisa ze-Diphenhydramine ziyenza ibe ukukhetha okudumile kokuphatha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphumula kanye nokuyenga ukulala. 
• Ukuphathwa Kwezifo zikaParkinson: Ekuqaleni Isifo sikaParkinson noma ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza okubangelwa imithi ethile, i-diphenhydramine ingasiza ukulawula ukunyakaza okungavamile futhi ithuthukise ukulawula nokulinganisela kwemisipha.
• Ukucindezela Ukukhwehlela: I-Diphenhydramine ikhulula ukukhwehlela okubangelwa umphimbo omncane noma ukucasuka kwendlela yokuphefumula, ikhulula okwesikhashana ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Diphenhydramine

I-Diphenhydramine itholakala ngezindlela ezehlukene, njengamaphilisi, amaphilisi, izixazululo, imijovo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Indlela yokuphatha nomthamo incike ekuguleni okuthile kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu.

Ukuphathwa Komlomo

• Amaphilisi namaphilisi: Amaphilisi namaphilisi e-Diphenhydramine angaphuzwa ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Amaphilisi ahlafunwayo kufanele aqale ahlafune ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuwagwinya, kuyilapho amaphilisi noma amaphilisi kufanele agwinywe aphelele ngaphandle kokuzama ukuwaphula.
• Izixazululo Zomlomo: Uma uthatha uketshezi, sebenzisa umshini wokulinganisa onikeziwe (isb., inkomishi yokulinganisa noma ukhezo) ukuze uqinisekise umthamo onembile. 
• Amaphilisi Ahlakazeka Ngokushesha: Beka ithebhulethi encibilika ngokushesha olimini lwakho, bese uyivumela ukuba incibilike ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokugwinya, noma ngaphandle kwamanzi.
• I-Oral Powder: I-oral powder formulations ingathathwa noma ngaphandle kwamanzi. Gwema ukuhlukanisa iphakethe libe ngama-halves.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Diphenhydramine

Nakuba i-diphenhydramine ngokuvamile ibekezelelwa kahle, ingabangela uhla lwemiphumela emibi. Eminye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-diphenhydramine ihlanganisa:

Imiphumela Emibi Evamile:

• Ukozela noma isiyezi
• ukuqunjelwa
• Isisu sithukuthele
• Umbono ophundlekile
• Umlomo owomile, ikhala, noma umphimbo
• Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu:

Kwezinye izimo, i-diphenhydramine ingabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu, kuhlanganise:

• Ukushintsha kwengqondo noma kwemizwa (isb., ukungahlaliseki, ukudideka)
• Kunzima ukuchama
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile

Imiphumela Engase Engozini Yokuphila: Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-diphenhydramine ingabangela imiphumela engase ibe yingozi empilweni, njenge:

• ukuquleka
• I-Allergic Reaction: Nakuba ingavamile, ukusabela okunamandla kwe-diphenhydramine kungenzeka. Funa isiqondiso sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zokungezwani okukhulu, okuhlanganisa:
  • Rash
  • Ukuphefumula kanzima
  • Itching noma ukuvuvukala olimini, umphimbo noma isifunda sobuso
  • Isiyezi esinzima

Ukuqapha

I-Diphenhydramine akufanele ithathwe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• I-Hypersensitivity noma i-allergic reaction to diphenhydramine
• Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, njengoba kungabangela ukusabela okusongela ukuphila
• Omama abancelisa ibele, njengoba i-diphenhydramine ingadlulela obisini lwebele futhi ingase ilimaze usana olusanda kuzalwa.
• Ukwengeza, i-diphenhydramine kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (Isigaba B) futhi kuphela uma kudingeka, njengoba ingase ibe yingozi kumntwana okhulayo.

Indlela I-Diphenhydramine Esebenza Ngayo

I-Diphenhydramine ingeyesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antihistamine.

I-Diphenhydramine isebenza kakhulu ngokuphikisa ama-H1 (Histamine 1) receptors. Lawa ma-H1 receptors atholakala ezicutshini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imisipha ebushelelezi yokuphefumula, amangqamuzana e-vascular endothelial, i-gastrointestinal tract (GIT), izicubu zenhliziyo, amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba, isibeletho, kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ezimaphakathi (CNS) neurons.

Lapho i-H1 receptor ikhuthazwa kulezi zicubu, ikhiqiza izenzo ezihlukahlukene, njenge:

• Ukwanda kwe-vascular permeability
• Ukuthuthukisa i-vasodilation, okubangela ukushaywa
• Ukuncipha kwesikhathi sokuqhutshwa kwenodi ye-atrioventricular (AV).
• Ukukhuthazwa kwemizwa yezinzwa emigwaqweni yomoya, ukukhiqiza ukukhwehlela
• Ukufinyela kwemisipha ebushelelezi ye-bronchi kanye ne-GIT
• I-eosinophilic chemotaxis, ekhuthaza ukusabela komzimba kwamasosha omzimba

Ngokuphikisana nama-histamine receptors, i-diphenhydramine ikhulula lezi zimpawu ngempumelelo.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Diphenhydramine Ngeminye Imithi?

I-Diphenhydramine ingasebenzisana nemithi ehlukahlukene, engase iholele emiphumeleni emibi noma iguqule ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa ezihilelekile. Nakhu ukusebenzelana okuphawulekayo okufanele ukuqaphele:

• Ama-Sedatives kanye Nemithi Yokulala: I-Diphenhydramine ingabangela ukozela; ukuyihlanganisa neminye imithi yokulala noma ama-sedative kungawenza ube mubi kakhulu lo mphumela. 
• Ama-opioid: I-Diphenhydramine ingasebenzisana nama-opioid futhi ingaholela ekwandeni kokudambisa kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula ezingaba khona. Uma ithathwa ne-benzodiazepines, i-diphenhydramine ingaqinisa imiphumela emibi eminingi nge-benzodiazepines, njengokulala, ukudideka, nesiyezi.
• I-Anticholinergics: Uma ithathwa nomunye umuthi we-anticholinergic, izinkinga ze-diphenhydramine, njengomlomo owomile, ukuqunjelwa, ukungaboni kahle, nokudideka, zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu. 
• I-Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Ngokufanayo ne-diphenhydramine, i-TCAs ibangela ukuthulisa ngokuvimbela i-histamine. Ukuhlanganisa le mithi emibili kungabangela ukuqunjelwa ngokweqile, isiyezi, ukungaboni kahle, nomlomo owomile.
• I-Muscle Relaxants: Ukuthatha isithambisi semisipha kanye ne-diphenhydramine kungaholela ekuqedeni okunamandla, okungase kuphazamise ukusebenzisana nokwandisa ingozi yokuwa noma izingozi. 
• Utshwala: I-Diphenhydramine ingakhulisa imiphumela yotshwala edambisayo, okuholela esiyezeni, ekudidekeni, nasekuphazamisekeni kokuqapha. 

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo ojwayelekile we-diphenhydramine kubantu abadala ungamamiligremu angama-25-50 njalo emahoreni ama-4 kuye kwayisi-6. Kodwa-ke, umkhawulo ophezulu womthamo wansuku zonke ngu-300 mg uma uthathwa ngomlomo noma u-400 mg uma ulawulwa nge-intramuscularly (IM) noma nge-intravenously (IV).

Isiphetho

I-Diphenhydramine iwumuthi oguquguqukayo onokusetshenziswa okuningi, kusukela empumelelweni yokungezwani komzimba kuya kosizo lokulala. Ukusebenza kwayo ekulawuleni izimpawu ezehlukene kukwenze kwaba yisixazululo kwabaningi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle futhi uqaphele izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kanye nokusebenzisana neminye imithi.

Nakuba i-diphenhydramine ingaba usizo ngendlela emangalisayo, ayinazo izingozi. Njalo landela imiyalelo yomthamo, futhi uma unokuthile okukukhathazayo noma imibuzo, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakweluleka ngokunembile ukuthi usebenzise i-diphenhydramine ngokuphepha nangempumelelo ngezidingo zakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-diphenhydramine iyi-anticholinergic?

Yebo, i-diphenhydramine iyisidakamizwa se-anticholinergic esivimba isenzo se-acetylcholine, i-neurotransmitter ehilelekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yomzimba. Le ngxenye ye-anticholinergic inomthelela kweminye yemiphumela ye-diphenhydramine, njengokumisa uketshezi lomzimba (isb., ukunciphisa amehlo agcwele amanzi kanye nekhala eligelezayo) nokudangala ukozela.

2. Ubani okufanele agweme ukusebenzisa i-diphenhydramine?

I-Diphenhydramine kufanele igwenywe noma isetshenziswe ngokuqapha kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezinsana, njengoba kungabangela ukusabela okusongela ukuphila
• Omama abancelisa ibele, njengoba i-diphenhydramine ingadlulela obisini lwebele futhi ingase ilimaze usana olusanda kuzalwa.
• Abantu abane-hypersensitivity ebhaliwe noma ukusabela okweqile ku-diphenhydramine
• Iziguli ezinezimo ezithile zezokwelapha, njengesifuba somoya, i-emphysema, i-bronchitis engapheli, i-glaucoma, izilonda, ubunzima bokuchama (isb, ngenxa yokwanda kwendlala yesinye), isifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, umlando wokuquleka, noma indlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile (hyperthyroidism)
• Abantu abadala (abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu). Njengoba zingase zithonyeke kalula emiphumeleni engemihle efana nokozela, isiyezi, ukudideka, ukuqunjelwa, nokugcinwa komchamo, okungandisa ingozi yokuwa.

3. Ingabe i-diphenhydramine ingasetshenziswa nsuku zonke?

I-Diphenhydramine ngokuvamile ayinconywa ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke noma isikhathi eside ngenxa yamandla okuba nemiphumela emibi kanye nengozi yokuhlakulela ukubekezelelana noma ukuncika.

4. Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuphuza i-diphenhydramine?

Isikhathi esihle sokuthatha i-diphenhydramine sincike enjongweni esetshenziselwa yona:

• Uma une-allergies noma izimpawu ezibandayo, thatha i-diphenhydramine njalo emahoreni ama-4 kuya kwayi-6 
• Ukuze uvimbele ukugula okunyakazayo, thatha i-diphenhydramine imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi komcimbi noma umsebenzi ongabangela ukugula kokunyakaza.
• Njengensiza yokulala, thatha i-diphenhydramine imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokulala. 

5. Ingabe i-diphenhydramine iyawunyusa umfutho wegazi?

Uma ithathwa iyodwa, i-diphenhydramine ngokuvamile akwaziwa ukuthi inyusa umfutho wegazi.