I-Empagliflozin

I-Empagliflozin

I-Empagliflozin, umuthi oyinqaba, udonse ukunaka kochwepheshe bezokwelapha emhlabeni wonke. Lesi sidakamizwa esisha asisizi nje kuphela ukuphatha amazinga kashukela egazini kodwa futhi sibonisa imiphumela ethembisayo ekwelapheni izimo zenhliziyo. Isenzo sayo esiyingqayizivele siyenza ihluke emithini yendabuko yesifo sikashukela, enikeza ithemba ezigidini zeziguli ezinenkinga yalezi zinkinga zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona. Lesi sihloko sichaza kabanzi mayelana nomhlaba we-empagliflozin, ihlola ukusetshenziswa kwayo, imiphumela engemihle, nokuthi isebenza kanjani emzimbeni. 

Iyini i-Empagliflozin?

I-Empagliflozin umuthi osetshenziselwa ukuphatha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubantu abadala nasezinganeni ezineminyaka eyishumi nangaphezulu. Kungokwesigaba sezidakamizwa ze-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. I-FDA igunyaze i-empagliflozin ngo-2014. Odokotela bayinquma iyodwa noma ihlanganiswe neminye imithi ye-antidiabetic. I-Empagliflozin isebenza ngokwandisa ukuphuma kwe-glucose ngomchamo kanye nokwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Le nqubo izimele ngaphandle kwe-insulin. Ngaphandle kokuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela, i-empagliflozin ibonise izinzuzo ekunciphiseni ubungozi benhliziyo kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo. isifo sezinso.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Empagliflozin

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamaphilisi e-empagliflozin ukuphatha uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (T2DM) ezigulini ezineminyaka eyishumi nangaphezulu. Basiza ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic uma kuhlanganiswa nokudla nokuzivocavoca. Okunye ukusetshenziswa yilezi:

• Umuthi ubuye ube nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Inciphisa i isifo senhliziyo ingozi yokufa kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nesifo senhliziyo. 
• I-Empagliflozin ibonise izinzuzo ekwehliseni ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. 
• I-Empagliflozin isebenza ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, noma i-nephropathy ezinokulawulwa okuphansi kwe-glycemic naphezu kokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-metformin.
• I-Empagliflozin nayo inemiphumela enenzuzo ekulawulweni kwesisindo. Iziguli zingase zehle ngesisindo esingu-2-4 kg ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisi-6-12 zokwelashwa ngenxa yokumoshakala kwekhalori ngenxa yokwanda kokuphuma kweglucose yomchamo.

Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Empagliflozin Tablets

• Amaphilisi e-Empagliflozin atholakala ngamandla angu-10 mg kanye nama-25 mg. Iziguli kufanele ziphuze ithebhulethi eyodwa kanye ngosuku ekuseni, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Thatha umuthi njengoba uqondiswa udokotela wakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. 
• Ungayeki ukuthatha i-empagliflozin ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho, noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile. I-Empagliflozin isiza ukulawula isimo sakho, kodwa ayiselaphi.
• Landela ukudla kukadokotela wakho kanye nezincomo zokuzivocavoca. Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca njalo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ungathathi okuningi noma okuncane noma uthathe i-empagliflozin kaningi kunalokho okunconywe udokotela wakho.
• Uma uphuthelwe umthamo, thatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa, uma kuyisikhathi sedosi elandelayo, yeqa ongaphuthiwe futhi uqhubeke nesimiso sakho esivamile somthamo.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebulethi ye-Empagliflozin

I-Empagliflozin, njengayo yonke imithi, ingadala imiphumela engemihle eminingi ye-empagliflozin, nakuba kungesibo bonke ababhekana nayo. 
Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-empagliflozin ihlanganisa: 

• Hlikihla
• Ukhuphula ukuchama
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okuncane 
• Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile kanye nokukhathala

Lokhu kuvame ukuba ngcono njengoba umzimba ujwayela umuthi. 
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu, nakuba ingavamile, ingenzeka. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Isifo sikashukela i-ketoacidosis (DKA)
• I-UTI enzima
• Ukuphendula kwe-allergen
• i-pelvic noma ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• Umkhuhlane, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza
• Izifo ze-mycotic ezithweni zangasese- abesifazane bangase baphume uketshezi olumhlophe noma oluphuzi noma ukulunywa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane; amadoda angase abe bomvu, alume, noma avuvukale epipini noma aphume amanzi anuka kabi epipini.
• Iziguli kufanele ziqaphele izimpawu ezinjengokoma okwandayo, umchamo omnyama, isiyezi, noma ukuphefumula kanzima. Ukuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini nokuhlala u-hydrated ngenkathi uthatha i-empagliflozin kubalulekile.

Ukuqapha

• Izimo ezithile ZezokwelaphaI-Empagliflozin idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela emaqenjini athile eziguli, njengalawo anesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kanye nomsebenzi ophansi wezinso, ikakhulukazi lawo ane-eGFR engaphansi kuka-45 ml/min/1.73 m2.  
• Amagciwane: Abantu kufanele baqaphele uma bengezwani ne-empagliflozin noma yiziphi izithako ezikumaphilisi e-empagliflozin noma eminye imithi.
• Ukunyakaza: Umuthi ungabangela ukuncipha kwevolumu, ikakhulukazi ezigulini esezikhulile noma lezo ezidla ama-diuretics. Iziguli kufanele zihlale zinamanzi futhi ziqaphele izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi noma umfutho wegazi ophansi. 
• Ukuphuza Utshwala: Nciphisa noma gwema ukuphuza utshwala
• Ukuqapha Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe: Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa ibele kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo.
• Izimpawu ze-genitourinary: I-Empagliflozin yandisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo kanye nezifo ze-mycotic zesitho sangasese. Ukuyekiswa kwesikhashana kungase kudingeke ezimeni zezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma izinqubo zokuhlinzwa ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, yazisa udokotela wakho ngalezi zimo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinzima.

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Empagliflozin

I-Empagliflozin isebenza ngokuvimbela i-sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) kuma-proximal tubules ezinso. Lokhu kuvimbela kunciphisa ukumuncwa kabusha kwe-glucose futhi kukhulisa ukuphuma kwe-glucose kumchamo, kwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini ngaphandle kwesenzo se-insulin. I-Empagliflozin ngokuvamile yehlisa i-HbA1c cishe ngo-0.7%. Umuthi uthathwa ngomlomo, ngesilinganiso esinconyiwe samamiligremu ayi-10 kanye ngosuku ekuseni, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Uma kubekezelelwa, umthamo ungakhuphuka ube ngu-25 mg. Akukho ukulungiswa komthamo okudingekile ezigulini ezine-eGFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Kodwa-ke, i-empagliflozin ayinconywa kubantu abane-eGFR> 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 ngaphandle kwezinto eziyingozi zenhliziyo.

Ngingathatha I-Empagliflozin Neminye Imithi?

I-Empagliflozin ingathathwa kanye neminye imithi, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziselwa ukuphatha isifo sikashukela nempilo yenhliziyo. Odokotela ngokuvamile banquma lo muthi njengendlela yokwelapha eyinhlanganisela ne-metformin noma i-linagliptin. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nesifo senhliziyo esimisiwe, i-empagliflozin ingasetshenziswa kanye nemithi yokunakekela ejwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-empagliflozin inomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinso, ngakho ukuqapha kubalulekile lapho kuhlanganiswa nezinye izidakamizwa. Iziguli kufanele njalo zazise udokotela wazo mayelana nemithi yazo eqhubekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okuphephile nokusebenzayo.
I-Empagliflozin ingasebenzisana nemithi eminingi, njenge:

• aspirin
• insulin
• I-Metoprolol
• I-Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
• Sildenafil
• I-Sitagliptin
• Tadalafil
• Valsartan

Ulwazi Lomthamo

I-Empagliflozin ivamise ukuthathwa kanye ngosuku ekuseni, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Umthamo wokuqala onconyiwe ungamamiligremu ayishumi, angakhuphukela ku-25 mg uma kubekezelelwa kahle. Kubalulekile ukugcina i-hydration efanele ngenkathi uthatha i-empagliflozin. Odokotela bangalungisa umthamo ngokusekelwe ezicini zesiguli ngasinye, njengokusebenza kwezinso. Ukuqapha njalo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha komuthi.

Isiphetho

I-Empagliflozin ifakazele ukuthi ishintsha kakhulu ekulawuleni uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela kanye nezimo zenhliziyo. Ngokwandisa ukuphuma kwe-glucose ngomchamo, indlela yayo eyingqayizivele yokusebenza inikeza indlela entsha yokulawula ushukela wegazi. Lo muthi awusizi nje ngesifo sikashukela; kuphinde kube nomthelela omuhle empilweni yenhliziyo nokusebenza kwezinso. Lezi zinzuzo zenza kube inketho ebalulekile ezigulini eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibhekene nezinkinga eziningi zempilo.

FAQ sika

1. I-empagliflozin isetshenziselwa ini ngokuyinhloko?

Izimpendulo: Inkomba eyinhloko ye-empagliflozin ukwelapha uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (T2DM) kubantu abadala nasezinganeni ezineminyaka eyishumi nangaphezulu. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa amazinga kashukela egazini uma kuhlangene nokudla nokuzivocavoca. Ukwengeza, kunciphisa ingozi yokufa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nesifo senhliziyo.

2. Ubani okufanele athathe i-empagliflozin?

Izimpendulo: Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza i-empagliflozin kubantu abane thayipha 2 sikashukela, ikakhulukazi labo abasengozini yezenzakalo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kuyasiza futhi kubantu abadala abanenkinga yenhliziyo ukunciphisa ingozi yokulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo. Abantu abanesifo sezinso bangazuza ku-empagliflozin ukuze babambezele ukukhula kwesifo.

3. Ingabe kubi ukusebenzisa i-empagliflozin nsuku zonke?

Impendulo: I-Empagliflozin ivamise ukuthathwa kanye ngosuku, kungaba ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ukusetshenziswa njalo njengoba kunqunywe udokotela akubhekwa njengokuyingozi. 

4. Ingabe i-empagliflozin iphephile?

Impendulo: I-Empagliflozin ibonise iphrofayili yokuphepha evumayo ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo. Kodwa-ke, njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Ezivamile zihlanganisa izifo zomgudu womchamo kanye nezitho zangasese.  

5. Ubani Ongakwazi ukusebenzisa i-empagliflozin?

Izimpendulo: I-Empagliflozin ayinconywa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela, ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwezinso, isifo sezinso esisekupheleni, noma labo abaku-dialysis. Abesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yesibili neyesithathu, kufanele bagweme i-empagliflozin.

6. Ingabe i-empagliflozin iphephile ezinso?

Impendulo: I-Empagliflozin ibonise izinzuzo ekubambezeleni ukuqhubeka kwesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abayitusi ezigulini ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu kwezinso (i-eGFR ngaphansi kuka-30 mL/min/1.73 m2

7. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthatha i-empagliflozin ebusuku?

Impendulo: I-Empagliflozin ingaphuzwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, kuhlanganisa nasebusuku. Okubalulekile wukuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku nosuku ukuze ugcine amazinga egazi aqinile emuthi.

8. Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthatha i-empagliflozin?

Izimpendulo: Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthatha i-empagliflozin isikhathi esisebenza ngokungaguquki nohlelo lwakho lwansuku zonke. Ingathathwa ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla.

9. Kufanele iyekwe nini i-empagliflozin?

Izimpendulo: I-Empagliflozin kufanele imiswe ezinsukwini ezi-3-4 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okuhleliwe ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi be-ketoacidosis yangemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwengeza, udokotela angase atuse ukuyekwa uma imiphumela emibi kakhulu ivela noma imithi ingasebenzi. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho kuqala ngaphambi kokumisa i-empagliflozin.