Enoxaparin

Enoxaparin

Ama-clots egazi kuthinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke futhi kungabangela izingozi ezinkulu zezokwelapha uma kungelashwa. I-Enoxaparin ingenye yemithi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu odokotela abayinikeza ukuvimbela nokwelapha la mahlule egazi ayingozi. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uhlola konke iziguli okudingeka zazi mayelana namaphilisi e-enoxaparin, amasu okuphatha afanele, imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, kanye nokucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuphepha. 

Iyini i-Enoxaparin?

I-Enoxaparin isidakamizwa esinamandla esinciphisa igazi odokotela abasinikeza ukuvimbela nokwelapha amahlule egazi. Kungokweqembu elikhethekile lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-low molecular weight heparin etholakala ku-heparin evamile. 

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Enoxaparin

Okulandelayo ezinye izinkomba ezijwayelekile ze-enoxaparin:

• Ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ezigulini ezivalelwe ukuphumula kombhede
• Ukwelashwa kwamahlule egazi akhona emilenzeni nasemaphashini
• Ukuvimbela izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-hip noma idolo
• Ukulawulwa kwamahlule egazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwesisu
• Ukuvikelwa kumahlule ngesikhathi kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo futhi ubuhlungu besifuba iziqephu

Odokotela baphinde bathembele ku-enoxaparin ekwelapheni izinkinga ezinzima nokuvimbela i-ischemic ezigulini ezingazinzile. angina. Ukusebenza kwayo ekumiseni ukwakheka kwezinto ezidala amahlule kuyenza ibe yisinqumo esithembekile sokuvimbela ukuvaleka okuyingozi emithanjeni yegazi okungaholela ekushayweni noma ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Enoxaparin 

Ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwe-enoxaparin kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo nokuphepha. Umuthi we-Enoxaparin uza njengesirinji esele igcwaliswe umjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba (i-subcutaneous) futhi akufanele neze ijovwe emsipha.

Izinyathelo Zokuphatha:

• Lala futhi uncinze isikhumba phakathi komunwe nesithupha
• Faka inaliti yonke ngaphakathi komphetho wesikhumba
• Cindezela i-plunger ukuze ujove umuthi
• Bamba ukugoqa kwesikhumba kuwo wonke umjovo
• Ungalihlikihli isiza ngemva kokujova
• Isipetu ngasinye senzelwe ukusetshenziswa okukodwa kuphela. Iziguli kufanele zigcine i-enoxaparin ekamelweni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-20°C kuya ku-25°C. 

Imiphumela emibi ye-Enoxaparin 

Nakuba abaningi bewubekezelela kahle lo muthi, ukuqonda ukusabela okungenzeka kusiza iziguli zibone ukuthi kufanele zifune usizo lwezokwelapha.

Imiphumela Emibi Evamile:

• Ubuhlungu obuncane noma imihuzuko ezindaweni zokujova
• Ukopha okuncane ezinsini ngenkathi uxubha amazinyo
• Ukopha kancane ekhaleni
• Ukulinyazwa okulula
• Isicanucanu esincane noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Umkhuhlane omncane noma izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane

Imiphumela Emibi Ebi: 

• Ukusuka okungavamile noma ukulimaza
• Indle emnyama noma enegazi
• Igazi emcimbini
• ezinzima bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukuvuvukala
• Izimpawu ze ukuphuma kwangaphakathi
• Izimpawu zamahlule egazi
• Izinguquko embonweni noma ekukhulumeni

Ukuqapha

Iziguli ezithatha i-enoxaparin kudingeka ziqaphele izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuphepha ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. 

• I-Allergies: Abantu abangezwani ne-enoxaparin noma okuqukethwe kuyo kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi we-enoxaparin.
• Izimo Zezempilo Ezikhethekile:
  • Isifo sezinso noma isibindi
  • Isisu esisebenzayo noma izilonda zamathumbu
  • Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawuleki
  • Izinkinga zokopha noma i-haemophilia
  • Umlando we unhlangothi
  • Ukutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo
  • Ukuhlinzwa kwakamuva noma ukubeletha
• Abadala: Abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu basengozini enkulu yemiphumela emibi evela ku-enoxaparin. 

Isebenza kanjani i-Enoxaparin

Emgogodleni wayo, i-enoxaparin isebenza ngokubopha iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-antithrombin III egazini. Lokhu kubophezela kudala inkimbinkimbi enamandla emisa izici zokujiyisa kumathrekhi abo, ikakhulukazi i-Factor Xa, edlala indima eyisisekelo ekwakhekeni kwehlule legazi. Umuthi ugcina ukusebenza kwawo amahora angama-5-7 ngemuva komthamo ngamunye.

Imiphumela Ebalulekile Emzimbeni:

• Ivimba izinto ezakha amahlule egazi
• Ivimbela amahlule akhona ukuthi abe makhudlwana
• Yehlisa izinto ezijiyisa zemvelo zomzimba
• Ibonisa impendulo engaguquki ye-anticoagulant

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Enoxaparin Neminye Imithi?

Imithi evamile esebenzisana ne-enoxaparin ihlanganisa:

• I-Aspirin nemikhiqizo equkethe i-aspirin
• Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) njenge-ibuprofen ne-naproxen
• Ezinye izinto ezinciphisa igazi noma ama-anticoagulants
• Ama-platelet inhibitors afana ne-clopidogrel, i-prasugrel ne-ticagrelor

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Imihlahlandlela Ejwayelekile Yokudosa:

• Ukwelashwa kwe-Deep Vein Thrombosis: 1 milligram/kilogram njalo emahoreni ayishumi nambili noma 1.5 milligram/kilogram kanye ngosuku
• Ukuvimbela Ukuhlinzwa: 40 mg kanye ngosuku, kuqala amahora ama-2 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Iziguli Zezokwelapha Ezinokuhamba Okukhawulelwe: 40 mg kanye ngosuku izinsuku ezingu-6-11
• Izimo Ezihlobene Nenhliziyo: 1 mg/kg njalo emahoreni ayi-12 nge-aspirin

Kubantu abanqunywe ukuhlinzwa esikhundleni se-hip noma idolo, odokotela ngokuvamile banquma ama-30 mg njalo emahoreni ayi-12, kusukela emahoreni angu-12-24 ngemva kokuhlinzwa. 

Isiphetho

I-Enoxaparin ime njengomuthi obalulekile wokuvimbela nokwelapha amahlule egazi ayingozi. Iziguli eziqonda amasu okuphatha afanele, ezibona imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, futhi zilandele amashejuli azo omthamo omisiwe zithola imiphumela engcono kakhulu evela kulo muthi.

Ukuphepha kuhlala kubalulekile uma usebenzisa i-enoxaparin. Ukuxhumana okuvamile nodokotela, ukuqapha ngokucophelela izimpawu ezingavamile, nokugcinwa ngendlela efanele kwezimpahla zemithi kusiza ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yokwelashwa eyimpumelelo. Iziguli kufanele njalo zazise ithimba lazo lezokwelapha mayelana neminye imithi noma izithasiselo ezizisebenzisayo ukuze zigweme ukusebenzisana okungase kube yingozi.

Ukusebenza kokwelashwa kwe-enoxaparin kuncike kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okungaguquki kanye nokunamathela ngokucophelela esiqondisweni sezokwelapha. Nakuba imiphumela engemihle ingenzeka, iziguli eziningi ziyibekezelela kahle imithi lapho zilandela amasu okuphatha afanele kanye nezimiso zokuphepha. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-enoxaparin iyisidakamizwa esiyingozi kakhulu? 

Nakuba i-enoxaparin ngokuvamile iphephile uma isetshenziswa njengoba kushiwo, idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela. Izingozi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izinkinga zokopha kanye nenani eliphansi leplatelet. Odokotela babhekisisa iziguli ngale miphumela, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinenkinga yezinso noma ubudala.

2. Ithatha isikhathi esingakanani i-enoxaparin ukusebenza? 

I-Enoxaparin iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngemuva komjovo. Umuthi ufinyelela ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu kungakapheli amahora angama-3-5 ngemuva kokuphathwa.

3. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo? 

Umuntu ngamunye kufanele aphuze umthamo ogejiwe ngokushesha njengoba ekhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma cishe kuyisikhathi sedosi eshejuliwe elandelayo, yeqa ogejiwe futhi ubuyele kushejuli evamile. 

4. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile? 

Ukweqisa kwe-enoxaparin kungadala ukopha okukhulu. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kuyadingeka. Ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise i-protamine sulfate, engasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela.

5. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-enoxaparin? 

Umuthi awuzifanele iziguli ezine:

• Ukopha okukhulu okusebenzayo
• Umlando wezinkinga zeplatelet yegazi
• Ukungezwani nomzimba okukhulu i-heparin
• Ukopha kwakamuva ebuchosheni

6. Zingaki izinsuku okufanele ngiphuze i-enoxaparin? 

Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa buhluka ngokwemibandela:

• Iziguli ezihlinzayo: izinsuku ezingama-7-10
• Iziguli zezokwelapha: izinsuku ezingu-6-14
• Umthambo ojulile i-thrombosis: Ubuncane bezinsuku ezingama-5

7. Ingabe i-enoxaparin iphephile ezinso? 

Iziguli ezinezinkinga zezinso zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukucaciswa komuthi kuncipha kakhulu uma kunzima isifo sezinso (imvume ye-creatinine ngaphansi kwama-30 mL/min), edinga ukulungiswa komthamo.

8. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-heparin ne-enoxaparin? 

I-Enoxaparin inikeza imiphumela ebikezelwe kakhudlwana futhi idinga ukuqapha okuncane kune-heparin evamile. Iphinde ibe nesigamu sempilo ende yamahora angu-4-7 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi se-heparin esiyimizuzu engama-45.