I-Erythromycin

I-Erythromycin

I-Erythromycin, i-antibiotic enamandla, umuthi we-bacteriostatic. Yelapha izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane, kusukela ebuhlungwini bomphimbo obulula kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu izinkinga zokuphefumula. 

Kuyini i-Erythromycin?

I-Erythromycin iyisidakamizwa esilwa ne-bacteriostatic esikhiqizwa uhlobo lwe-Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Kungokweqembu lama-macrolide lama-antibiotics (okubandakanya i-azithromycin, i-clarithromycin, ne-spiramycin).

I-Erythromycin iwusizo kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo ezibangelwa kokubili amagciwane egram-positive kanye negram-negative. Isebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nezifo ezahlukahlukene zokuphefumula, izifo zesikhumba, izifo ze-chlamydia, isifo sokuvuvukala kwe-pelvic, nogcunsula.

I-Erythromycin itholakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengamaphilisi, amaphilisi, amaphilisi okumiswa ngomlomo, ama-ophthalmic solutions, amafutha okugcoba, amajeli nemijovo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Erythromycin

I-Erythromycin iyimithi elwa namagciwane enemisebenzi eminingi ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene zamagciwane. Lo muthi usetshenziswa kakhulu ekulweni nezifo zokuphefumula ezifana nenyumoniya etholwa umphakathi, isifo se-Legionnaires, i-bronchitis, ne-pertussis (ukukhwehlela). Iphinde isebenze ngokumelene nezifo zomphimbo, njenge-diphtheria, nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi njenge-syphilis.

Ukwengeza, i-erythromycin ithola ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni:

• Izifo Zesikhumba Nezicubu Ezithambile: I-Erythromycin ingakwazi ukwelapha izifo zesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile ezibangelwa amagciwane angena kalula. Iba ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwezinduna uma isetshenziswa nama-topical agents afana ne-tretinoin cream noma i-benzoyl peroxide.
• Ukutheleleka Kwamathumbu: I-Erythromycin igunyazwe yi-FDA ukwelapha i-amebiasis yamathumbu, ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
• Okunye Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane: I-erythromycin ye-antibiotic isiza ukwelapha izifo ezindlebeni, izifo zabesifazane, izifo ze-urinary tract, nezinhlobo ezithile zesifo sokuvuvukala kwe-pelvic (PID).
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Prophylactic: I-Erythromycin ingasetshenziswa ukuvimbela i-conjunctivitis yezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nokuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo kubantu abahlinza amazinyo noma ezinye izinqubo.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Erythromycin

• Ukuthatha Amaphilisi noma Amaphilisi e-Erythromycin: Thatha i-erythromycin kuphela njengoba uyalelwe udokotela wakho. Ungayithathi ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwayo, ungayithathi kaningi, futhi ungayithathi isikhathi eside kunesinqunyiwe. Geza amaphilisi e-erythromycin noma amaphilisi wonke ngesiphuzo samanzi. Ungawahlafuni noma uwaphule.
• Ukuthatha Uketshezi lwe-Erythromycin: I-Erythromycin suspension ngokuvamile iza nesirinji noma isipuni ukusiza ukukala umthamo ofanele. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthatha inani elifanele, sebenzisa isirinji enikeziwe noma isipuni, hhayi ithisipuni lasekhishini. Gubha ibhodlela eliwuketshezi kahle ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa ngakunye.
• Isikhathi Semithamo: Zama ukubeka imithamo ye-erythromycin ngokulinganayo usuku lonke. Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, phuza lo muthi nsuku zonke ngesikhathi(izi)khathi esifanayo.
• Ukudla Ukudla: Ngokuvamile, ukuthatha i-erythromycin nokudla kungcono ukuvimbela ukucasuka kwesisu.
• Ukuqeda Isifundo: Kufanele uqhubeke uthatha i-erythromycin sonke isikhathi sokwelashwa, ngisho noma wena noma ingane yakho niqala ukuzizwa engcono ngemva kwemithamo embalwa. Ukumisa ukwelashwa phakathi kungase kubangele ukuthi ukutheleleka kubuye.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Erythromycin

Imiphumela engemihle ye-erythromycin ingaba kusuka komnene kuye kwengavamile futhi ibe nzima:

• Imiphumela Emibi Evamile:
  • I-nausea nokuhlanza
  • Uhudo namajaqamba esiswini
  • Ukulahlekelwa Ukudla
  • Ukuqunjelwa kanye Nokuqunjelwa.
• Imiphumela Embi Ebi (ayivamile):
  • Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
  • Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
  • Ukuba phuzi kokumhlophe kwamehlo noma isikhumba noma indle ephaphathekile enomchamo omnyama 
  • ukusangana
  • I-tinnitus noma ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe zesikhashana 
  • Ukuzizwa ungaqinile ezinyaweni zakho
  • Fever
• Kudingeka Isinyathelo Esisheshayo uma:
  • Wena noma ingane yakho nike waquleka noma waquleka
  • Unayo izinhlungu zesifuba, noma isigqi esingavamile
  • Ukungezwani nomzimba okukhulu, njengokuvuvukala okungazelelwe kwezindebe, umlomo, umphimbo, noma ulimi 
  • Ukuphefumula okungajulile noma ukuphefumula kanzima 
  • Kunzima ukugwinya
  • Kungazelelwe uzizwe udidekile, usozela noma unesiyezi
  • Umuntu uyaquleka 

Ukuqapha

Kungasiza uma uthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithile lapho usebenzisa i-erythromycin ukuze uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphephile nokusebenza kahle, okufana nalokhu:

• Ungathathi i-erythromycin uma une-hypersensitivity eyaziwayo noma ukungezwani komzimba kulesi sidakamizwa nanoma yimuphi omunye umuthi obulala ama-macrolide.
• Sebenzisa i-erythromycin ngokuqapha uma unokukhubazeka kwesibindi noma ukusebenza kwezinso.
• Uma uke wabhekana nokuqubuka okukhulu noma izimpawu ezifanayo nge-erythromycin esikhathini esedlule, gwema ukusetshenziswa komuthi esikhathini esizayo.
• Uma unomlando we-myasthenia gravis (isifo semisipha) 
• Yazisa udokotela wakho uma uhlela ukuthola noma yimiphi imigomo.
• Xoxa ngokusetshenziswa kwakho kwe-erythromycin nodokotela wakho noma wamazinyo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Eminye imikhiqizo ye-erythromycin ingase ibe ne-sodium, engaba yinkinga uma udla ukudla okunomkhawulo kasawoti noma unezimo ezifana nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Abadala basengozini enkulu yokuthola imiphumela engemihle njengokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kanye nokwelulwa kwe-QT.
• Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa

Isebenza kanjani i-Erythromycin

I-Erythromycin iyi-antibiotic ye-bacteriostatic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi akhule kunokuba awabhubhise ngokuqondile. Lesi senzo senzeka ngokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamaprotheni. I-Erythromycin ibophezela ku-23S ribosomal RNA engxenyeni engu-50S ye-ribosome yebhaktheriya. Lokhu kubangela ukuvinjwa kwe-peptide chain synthesis, ekugcineni kuvimbela ukwakheka kwamaprotheni. Abantu banama-subunits angu-40S kanye nama-60S futhi abanawo ama-subunits angu-50S, ngakho i-erythromycin ayiphazamisi ukwakheka kwamaprotheni ezicutshini zomuntu.

I-Erythromycin iyasebenza ngokumelene ne-gram-positive, i-gram-negative, nezinye izinto ezimbalwa eziphilayo. Amagciwane ane-gramme-positive ahlanganisa i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Streptococcus pneumoniae, i-Streptococcus pyogenes, i-Listeria monocytogenes, i-Corynebacterium minutissimum, ne-Corynebacterium diphtheria. Amagciwane anegram-negative ahlanganisa iLegionella pneumophila, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, kanye neBordetella pertussis. Amanye ama-microorganisms ambozwe i-erythromycin ahlanganisa i-Chlamydia trachomatis, i-Mycoplasma pneumoniae, i-Entamoeba histolytica, i-Treponema pallidum, ne-Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukumelana kungakhula ngokumelene ne-erythromycin.

Isenzo se-Pro-motility: Ngaphandle kokuba isibulala-magciwane se-bacteriostatic macrolide, i-erythromycin futhi isebenza njengomuthi okhuthaza ukuhamba. Ivuselela ukufinyela kwemisipha ebushelelezi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphuma kwesisu.

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

I-Erythromycin ingakwazi ukusebenzisana nemithi ehlukahlukene, ukudla, ngisho nejusi yamagilebhisi. Okulandelayo okunye kokusebenzelana okuhlolwa njalo:

• Imithi:
  • I-Lorazepam
  • I-Amoxicillin-clavulanate
  • I-Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
  • I-diphenhydramine
  • I-Loratadine
  • I-Duloxetine
  • I-Fluticasone nasal
  • I-Furosemide
  • I-Atorvastatin
  • I-Pregabalin
  • Esomeprazole
  • I-Acetaminophen
  • I-Promethazine
  • I-Omeprazole
  • I-Pantoprazole
  • I-Fluoxetine
  • I-Metoclopramide
  • I-Montelukast
  • I-Budesonide-formoterol
  • Levothyroxine
  • I-Topiramate
  • I-Acetaminophen
  • I-Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
  • Uvithamini C (ascorbic acid)
  • I-Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
  • I-Alprazolam
  • I-Ondansetron
  • I-Sertraline
  • I-Cetirizine
• Ukusebenzelana kokudla:
  • I-Erythromycin ingaphinde ihlangane nokudla okuthile. Ukudla kunciphisa amazinga e-erythromycin emzimbeni wakho, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uphuze i-erythromycin esiswini esingenalutho okungenani isigamu sehora ngaphambi noma amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla. Lokhu kuzosiza umzimba wakho ukumunca umuthi ngempumelelo.
• Ukusebenzisana kwe-Grapefruit Juice:
  • Ijusi ye-grapefruit ingakhuphula amazinga e-erythromycin emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uphephe, thintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokudla imikhiqizo ye-grapefruit ekudleni kwakho.
• Ukusebenzisana kotshwala:
  • Ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-erythromycin kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-antibiotic. 

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo Wabadala

• Amafomu Okudosa namandla:
  • Amathebulethi e-Erythromycin: 250mg
• Umthamo:
  • 250mg othathwa ngomlomo njalo emahoreni ayi-6
  • NOMA 500mg othathwa ngomlomo njalo emahoreni ayi-12 (uma umthamo wansuku zonke ungeqi ku-1g) 
• Ngokuya ngobunzima besifo, udokotela wakho angase andise umthamo ufike ku-4g ngosuku:
  • Akukho ukulungiswa komthamo wokukhubazeka kwezinso
  • Sebenzisa ngokuqapha ezigulini ezinokukhubazeka kwe-hepatic
• Umthamo Wezingane:
  • Amathebulethi e-Erythromycin: 250mg
• Umthamo:
  • Ukutheleleka okumaphakathi kuya kokuphakathi: 30-50mg/kg/day ethathwa ngomlomo, ihlukaniswe njalo emahoreni angama-6-8
  • Ngezifo ezinzima: 60-100mg/kg/day ithathwa ngomlomo, ihlukaniswe njalo emahoreni angama-6-8

Isiphetho

I-Erythromycin ime njengethuluzi elinamandla kunqolobane yezokwelapha, enikeza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwezifo ezihlukahlukene zamagciwane. Ukuguquguquka kwayo, nokho, kuza nomsebenzi wokusetshenziswa okufanele nokuqwashisa ngemiphumela engemihle. Ngokulandela imithamo enqunyiwe kanye nokuqonda ukusebenzisana kwayo neminye imithi, iziguli zingakwazi ukwandisa izinzuzo ze-erythromycin kuyilapho zinciphisa ubungozi. Njengoba ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane kuqhubeka kuba nezinselele zempilo emhlabeni wonke, ukusetshenziswa ngobuhlakani kwe-erythromycin kuba semqoka kakhulu. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. I-erythromycin ivame ukusetshenziselwa ini?

I-Erythromycin iyi-antibiotic eguquguqukayo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula
• Ukukhwehlela (Pertussis)
• Izifo zesikhumba nezithambile
• I-amebiasis yamathumbu
• Isifo sokuvuvukala kwePelvic (PID)
• Ugcunsula

2. Yikuphi okungcono, i-erythromycin noma i-amoxicillin?

Uma ithathwa ngendlela efanele, i-amoxicillin ne-erythromycin zisebenza ngokulinganayo, kodwa ukufaneleka kwazo kuncike ekuthelelekeni okuthile nasezicini zesiguli. I-Amoxicillin, i-antibiotic yohlobo lwe-penicillin, ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphefumula, indlebe, kanye ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-erythromycin, i-macrolide antibiotic, ivame ukusetshenziswa njengenye indlela ezigulini ezingezwani ne-penicillin futhi iyasebenza ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezifanayo zamagciwane. Kodwa-ke, kunamathuba aphezulu okuba nemiphumela emibi yesisu kanye nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Inketho "engcono" incike ekuthelelekeni, umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli, kanye nokungezwani komzimba okungaba khona. Ingozi yemiphumela emibi yesisu iphansi kakhulu nge-amoxycillin kune-erythromycin.

3. Ubani ongakwazi ukuphuza i-erythromycin?

I-Erythromycin i-contraindicated (akufanele ithathwe) kubantu abathile:

• Iziguli ezine-hypersensitivity eyaziwayo noma yokungezwani komzimba ne-erythromycin nanoma imaphi amanye ama-macrolide antibiotics 
• Iziguli ezike zaba nokuqubuka okukhulu noma izimpawu ezifanayo nge-erythromycin esikhathini esidlule.
• Iziguli ezinomlando we-cholestatic jaundice
• Iziguli ezinesikhathi eside se-QT
• Iziguli ezithatha i-terfenadine, i-astemizole, noma i-cisapride, njengoba lezi zinhlanganisela zingaholela ekuphenduleni okukhulu noma okusongela ukuphila.

4. Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-erythromycin nsuku zonke?

I-Erythromycin ayinconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe isikhathi eside noma ngokuphindaphindiwe, njengoba ingase iholele ekwakhekeni kwamagciwane amelana. Kungaba ngcono ukuyisebenzisa njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalela nangesikhathi esishiwo ohlelweni lokwelapha.