Esomeprazole

Esomeprazole

I-Esomeprazole, umuthi onamandla, uguqule isimo ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zesisu. Lo muthi ophawulekayo usiza ekwelapheni izifo eziningi zesisu, njenge-gastroesophageal Reflux disease (GERD) kanye nezilonda zesisu. Masiqonde ukuthi i-esomeprazole isebenza kanjani emzimbeni wethu, ukusebenzisana kwayo neminye imithi, kanye nolwazi olufanele lomthamo.

Iyini i-Esomeprazole?

I-Esomeprazole umuthi onamandla oyingxenye yemithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) futhi unomthelela endleleni isisu esikhiqiza ngayo i-asidi. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD), i-dyspepsia, isifo se-peptic ulcer, kanye nesimo esingavamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

I-Esomeprazole iphinde ibambe iqhaza ekuvimbeleni izilonda zesisu kubantu abavame ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID).

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Esomeprazole

I-Esomeprazole inezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kokugaya ukudla, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Amaphilisi e-Esomeprazole awagcini nje ngokuphatha izimpawu kodwa futhi avumela umphimbo ukuthi ululame futhi uvimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe kubantu abadala abane-GERD.
• I-Erosive Oesophagitis: I-Esomeprazole iyasebenza kuzo zombili izigaba zokuphulukisa nezokugcina zalesi simo.
• I-Peptic Ulcer Disease: I-Esomeprazole iwusizo ikakhulukazi uma inikezwa nezinye izidakamizwa ukuze zelaphe futhi ivimbele ukuvela kwezilonda zesisu ezibangelwa i-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) kubantu abadala.
• I-Esomeprazole inendima yokuvimbela futhi, yehlisa ithuba lokuthuthukisa izilonda kubantu abadala abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID).
• I-Esomeprazole inenzuzo ezimweni lapho isisu sikhiqiza i-asidi eyeqile, njenge-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Kuyasiza ukulawula ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-asidi, kunikeze impumuzo ezigulini ezinalesi simo esingavamile.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Esomeprazole

Nawu umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-esomeprazole ngempumelelo:

• Thatha i-esomeprazole ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.
• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela noma yephakheji ngokucophelela.
• Gwema ukweqa umthamo onqunyiwe noma ubude besikhathi.
• Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zingathuthuki, thintana nodokotela.
• Ungayeki ukuthatha i-esomeprazole kadokotela ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono.
• Ukuthatha ama-capsules, uwagwinye wonke ngengilazi yamanzi. 
• Ama-Granules Wokumiswa Komlomo: Ukulungiselela ama-granules ukumiswa ngomlomo:
  • Kumaphakethe angu-2.5 noma 5 mg, sebenzisa ithisipuni elilodwa (5 mL) lamanzi.
  • Kumaphakethe angu-10, 20, noma angu-40 mg, sebenzisa isipuni esisodwa (15 mL) samanzi.
  • Engeza okuqukethwe kwephakethe emanzini bese ugoqa.
  • Linda imizuzu engu-2-3 ukuze ingxube ishube, bese ugoqa futhi.
  • Phuza yonke ingxube phakathi nemizuzu engama-30.
  • Uma kukhona insalela esele, engeza amanzi engeziwe, gudluza, futhi uphuze ngokushesha.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Esomeprazole

Nakuba i-esomeprazole ngokuvamile ibekezelelwa kahle, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imiphumela engemihle engaba khona. Imiphumela emibi evamile ye-esomeprazole ihlanganisa:

• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Uhudo.
• ukuqunjelwa
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Flatulence

Nakuba ingavamile, imiphumela emibi ye-esomeprazole ingenzeka kubantu abangaphansi ko-1 kwabayi-1,000, njengalokhu:

• Ukushintsha umbala ophuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, nokukhathala okwandayo kubonisa izinkinga zesibindi.
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene nokuqubuka kwesikhumba okubomvu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezichayeke elangeni
• Uhudo olunzima noma oluqhubekayo
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-esomeprazole kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo:
• Ukwehla kwe-Vitamin B12
• I-Hypomagnesemia (Amazinga aphansi e-magnesium egazini)
• Ama-polyps e-Fundic gland
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokuphuka, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, ezisebenzisa imithamo ephezulu, noma ukuthatha umuthi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, i-esomeprazole ingabangela ukungezwani okukhulu (anaphylaxis). Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe kwezindebe, umlomo, umphimbo, noma ulimi; ubunzima bokuphefumula; isikhumba, ulimi, noma izindebe ezishintsha umbala; ukudideka; noma ukuquleka. 

Ukuqapha

Lapho usebenzisa i-esomeprazole, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha ukuze uqinisekise ukwelashwa okuphephile nokusebenzayo, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezempilo nodokotela kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe inqubekelaphambili futhi kunqunywe ukuthi umuthi usebenza ngendlela efanele yini.
• Iziguli kufanele ziqaphele ukungezwani okungaba khona, ikakhulukazi lapho i-esomeprazole isetshenziswa kanye nama-antibiotics. Uma izimpawu ezinjengokulunywa, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ukuvuvukala kwezandla, ubuso, noma umlomo, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kuyadingeka.
• I-Esomeprazole ingase ihlangane neminye imithi. Ngakho-ke, tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi yakho eqhubekayo.

Iziguli kufanele ziqaphele izimpawu zemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi zibikele udokotela wazo ngokushesha. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Izinguquko kubuningi bokuchama noma inani lomchamo
• Igazi emchameni
• Fever
• ubuhlungu Joint
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Ukukhwabanisa isikhumba
• Ukuvuvukala komzimba, izinyawo, noma amaqakala
• Ukukhathala okungajwayelekile noma ukukhuluphala
• I-Esomeprazole ingase futhi ibangele ukusabela okukhulu kwesikhumba, okuhlanganisa i-Stevens-Johnson syndrome kanye ne-toxic epidermal necrolysis. Izimpawu zihlanganisa amabhamuza, ukuxebuka kwesikhumba, ubuhlungu besifuba, nokopha okungajwayelekile noma imihuzuko.

Isebenza kanjani i-Esomeprazole

Indlela i-esomeprazole esebenza ngayo iyathakazelisa. Iqondise isinyathelo sokugcina sokukhiqizwa kwe-asidi esiswini esiswini. Ngokukhethekile, ibophezela ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-enzyme (H+, K+) -ATPase etholakala ebusweni bamaseli e-gastric parietal. Lokhu kubophezela akubuyiseleki emuva, okusho ukuthi uma i-esomeprazole isinamathela kwi-enzyme, ihlala injalo. Lesi sici esiyingqayizivele sinikeza i-esomeprazole umphumela we-antisecretory othatha amahora angaphezu kwama-24. Ngenxa yalokho, ivimbela kokubili ukukhishwa kwe-basal kanye ne-stimulated gastric acid. Kusho ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini ebangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi - noma ngabe ukudla, ingcindezi, noma ezinye izici - i-esomeprazole isebenza ukuyinciphisa.

Nakuba isenzo esiyinhloko se-esomeprazole siwukunciphisa i-asidi esiswini, ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze omunye umphumela wama-PPI njenge-esomeprazole. Le mithi iphinde ivimbele i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Le enzyme idlala indima empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Uma i-DDAH ivinjiwe, into engaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitric oxide iyanqwabelana. Lokhu okutholakele kuye kwaholela ezingxoxweni mayelana nokuhlobana okungenzeka phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-PPI kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga zenhliziyo kwezinye iziguli.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Esomeprazole Neminye Imithi?

I-Esomeprazole inomthelela emithini eyehlukene kanye nezithasiselo, okwenza kube semqoka ukwazisa odokotela ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha zamanje. 

Eminye yemithi engase ihlanganyele ne-esomeprazole ihlanganisa:

• I-Blood Thinners:
  • I-Clopidogrel
  • Warfarin
  • Apixaban
  • Rivaroxaban
• Imithi Yenhliziyo:
  • Digoxin
  • I-Metoprolol
• Ama-Antidepressants:
  • I-Citalopram
  • I-Escitalopram
• Imithi ye-HIV/AIDS:
  • I-Rilpivirine
  • I-Nelfinavir
  • I-Saquinavir
• Eminye Imithi:
  • I-Cilostazol
  • I-Methotrexate
  • Rifampin
• Izithako:
  • I-St. John's Wort
  • Ukusebenzisana kotshwala

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo we-Esomeprazole uyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sokwelashwa kanye neminyaka yesiguli. Odokotela banquma umthamo ofanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomuntu ngamunye kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Kubantu abadala abanesifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD), umthamo ojwayelekile we-esomeprazole magnesium ngu-20 mg ngomlomo nsuku zonke. 

Ezimweni ze-erosive esophagitis, abantu abadala ngokuvamile bathatha 20 kuya ku-40 mg we-esomeprazole magnesium ngomlomo kanye ngosuku amaviki angu-4 kuya kwangu-8 ukuze belaphe. Ukuze isondlo, umthamo ngokuvamile 20 mg kanye ngosuku.

Odokotela banquma i-esomeprazole magnesium njengengxenye yohlelo lokwelapha oluphindwe kathathu lokutheleleka nge-Helicobacter pylori. Abantu abadala bathatha ama-40 mg ngomlomo kanye ngosuku, kanye ne-amoxicillin ne-clarithromycin, izinsuku eziyishumi.

Ukuvimbela izilonda zesisu ezibangelwa i-NSAID, abantu abadala bangathatha u-20 kuya ku-40 mg we-esomeprazole magnesium noma u-24.65 kuya ku-49.3 mg we-esomeprazole strontium ngomlomo nsuku zonke kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisi-6.

Umthamo wezingane uyahlukahluka ngeminyaka nangesisindo. Ezinganeni ezine-GERD ezineminyaka engu-1 kuye kweyi-11 ubudala, i-esomeprazole magnesium imvamisa inqunywa ku-10 mg ngomlomo kanye ngosuku kuze kube amasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Intsha eneminyaka engu-12 kuya ku-17 ngokuvamile ithatha i-20 mg kanye ngosuku amasonto amane.

Isiphetho

I-Esomeprazole ithinta kakhulu impilo yokugaya ukudla, inikeze impumuzo ezigidini ezihlushwa yizimo ezihlobene ne-asidi. Ikhono layo elinamandla lokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi yesisu liyenza ithuluzi elibalulekile ekwelapheni i-GERD, izilonda, nezinye izinkinga zesisu. Umphumela wesikhathi eside womuthi kanye nezithako ezihlukahlukene zinikeza ukuguquguquka kwezinketho zokwelapha, ukuhlinzeka ngezidingo ezahlukene zesiguli.

Nakuba i-esomeprazole ngokuvamile ibekezelelwa kahle, kubalulekile ukuyisebenzisa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenza ngempumelelo. 

FAQ sika

1. Isetshenziselwa ini i-esomeprazole?

I-Esomeprazole isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-asidi yesisu ngokweqile. Odokotela banikeza le mithi yokubhekana nesifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD), i-erosive esophagitis, isifo se-peptic ulcer (PUD), kanye nesifo se-Zollinger-Ellison. Iphinde isebenze inhloso yokuvimbela. Odokotela bayinikeza ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yezilonda zesisu kubantu abavame ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID).

2. Ingabe i-esomeprazole iphephile ezinso?

Ukuphepha kwe-esomeprazole ezinso kube yisihloko sengxoxo emibuthanweni yezokwelapha. Nakuba i-esomeprazole ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengephephile, ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuxhumana okungaba khona phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwayo nezindaba ezihlobene nezinso.

Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ama-proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) afana ne-esomeprazole angase anyuse ingozi yesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) kubantu abanomsebenzi wezinso ojwayelekile. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu osebenzisa ama-PPI uzothuthukisa i-CKD. Ingozi incane uma kuqhathaniswa.

3. Ingabe akulungile ukuphuza i-esomeprazole nsuku zonke?

Ukuthatha i-esomeprazole nsuku zonke akulungile ngokwemvelo, kodwa kuza nokucatshangelwa okuqondile. Kubantu abaningi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-esomeprazole ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengokuphephile futhi kusebenza ngempumelelo uma kuthathwa njengoba kuyalelwe. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-esomeprazole, ikakhulukazi izikhathi ezingaphezu konyaka, kungase kuholele ekukhathazeni okuthile kwezempilo, njengengozi eyengeziwe yokuphuka kwamathambo, ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12, amazinga aphansi e-magnesium, noma ama-polyps e-fundic gland. Iziguli kufanele zilandele imiyalelo kadokotela wazo ngokucophelela futhi zingawuphuzi umuthi isikhathi eside kunalokho okusikiselwe.

4. Ingabe i-esomeprazole ilungele i-GERD?

I-Esomeprazole ifakazele ukuthi iyi-ejenti yokwelapha ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa izimpawu ze-GERD. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta kubonise ukuthi i-esomeprazole inikeza amazinga aphezulu okuphulukiswa kwe-GERD egugulekayo kunamanye ama-proton pump inhibitors.