I-Ethosuximide

I-Ethosuximide

I-Ethosuximide, i-anticonvulsant enamandla, sekungamashumi eminyaka isiza abantu abanenkinga yokuquleka. Lo muthi udlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni isithuthwane, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha abanenkinga yokuqaphela isikhashana.

Ake sihlole izici ezihlukahlukene ze-ethosuximide, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, umthamo, nemiphumela engemihle. Sizophinde sibheke ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kanjani, ukusebenzisana kwawo nezinye izidakamizwa, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo okufanele uzikhumbule. 

Iyini i-Ethosuximide?

I-Ethosuximide umuthi onamandla we-anticonvulsant osetshenziselwa ukwelapha isithuthwane ungekho noma isithuthwane esincane. Ingokwesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-succinimide agents futhi ibisetshenziswa ngempumelelo kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. I-Ethosuximide ibhekwa njengokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala lapho ungekho isithuthwane ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle kanye nemiphumela engemihle elinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa. 

Lo muthi wehlisa ukusebenza kukagesi okungavamile ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi ngokuvimbela iziteshi ze-calcium zohlobo lwe-T kuma-thalamocortical neurons. Lesi senzo siphazamisa umsebenzi we-oscillatory ohambisana nokuquleka ungekho, okubonakala ngokudlula kancane ekuqwashiseni. I-Ethosuximide iphathwa ngomlomo ngendlela yamaphilisi noma ukumiswa okuwuketshezi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba i-ethosuximide iphumelela kakhulu ekubambeni ungekho, ayizange ibonise izinzuzo ekwelapheni ezinye izinhlobo zesithuthwane noma ukuquleka okunezimpawu.

I-Ethosuximide Usetshenziswa

Amaphilisi e-Ethosuximide awusizo kakhulu ekulawuleni ukungabikho kokuquleka, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi yi-petit mal epilepsy. Lokhu kudlikiza kubonakala njengokudlula kancane ekuqapheleni, lapho umuntu angase agqolozele ngqo noma acwayize amehlo ngaphandle kokuphendula abanye. I-Ethosuximide ibhekwa njengokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala lapho ungekho isithuthwane ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle kanye nemiphumela engemihle elinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa. Isebenza ngokwehlisa ukusebenza kukagesi okungavamile ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi ngokucindezela umjikelezo we-paroxysmal we-three-paroxysmal ngesekhondi ngayinye umsebenzi we-spike & wave ohambisana nalokhu kudlikiza. Nakuba i-ethosuximide iphumelela kakhulu ekubambeni ungekho, ibekelwe lesi simo kuphela futhi ayizange ibonise izinzuzo ekwelapheni ezinye izinhlobo zesithuthwane.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Ethosuximide Tablet

• Ukuze usebenzise amaphilisi e-ethosuximide ngempumelelo, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. 
• Umuthi uthathwa ngomlomo kanye noma kabili ngosuku, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. 
• Umthamo we-ethosuximide ususelwa eminyakeni yesiguli, isimo sezempilo, kanye nendlela esisabela ngayo ekwelashweni. Ezinganeni, umthamo ungase futhi uncike isisindo sabo. 
• Udokotela wakho uzoqala ukwelashwa ngethamo eliphansi kakhulu futhi kancane kancane andise emasontweni ambalwa noma izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze akutholele inani elisebenza kahle kakhulu. 
• Kubalulekile ukuphuza i-ethosuximide njalo ngesikhathi(izi)khathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye ukuze uthole inzuzo enkulu. 
• Uma usebenzisa uhlobo oluwuketshezi lwalo muthi, qiniseka ukuthi ulinganisa umthamo ngedivayisi yokulinganisa ekhethekile noma inkomishi esikhundleni sesipuni sasendlini.
• Ungalokothi uyeke ukuphuza umuthi ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngawo nodokotela wakho, njengoba ezinye izimo zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu uma uyeka umuthi kungazelelwe. 
• Uma weqa umthamo, yithathe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa weqe uma sekusondele isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo.

Imiphumela Emibi Yezibhebhe Ethosuximide

I-Ethosuximide, njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ingaba nemiphumela engemihle. Okulandelayo eminye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-ethosuximide: 

• Ukulala
• isiyezi
• Ukukhathala
• bekhanda
• Isisu sithukuthele
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Isicanucanu kanye oluhlanzayo
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Uhudo

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu, nakuba ingavamile, ingenzeka, kuhlanganise:

• Izinguquko ekuziphatheni nasekushintsheni kwemizwa
• Imicabango yokuzilimaza
• Izimpawu zokudangala 
• Ukungezwani okukhulu nezimpawu ezifana nemfiva, ukuqubuka, ukulunywa, noma ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukulimala/ ukopha kalula
• Umchamo opinki/onegazi
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo

Ukuqapha

Lapho uthatha i-ethosuximide, kubalulekile ukulandela izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha, njenge: 

• Ukungezwani komzimba: Yazisa udokotela wakho mayelana nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, ikakhulukazi i-ethosuximide noma i-methsuximide. Futhi, yazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi eqhubekayo, amavithamini, nezithako zemithi.
• Izimo Zesistimu: Yabelana ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo sesibindi noma sezinso noma izimo zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka. Kulabo abanesifo sikashukela noma isifo sesibindi, qaphela ukuthi izinhlobo eziwuketshezi ze-ethosuximide zingaqukatha ushukela notshwala.
• Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: I-Ethosuximide kufanele isetshenziswe ngethamo eliphansi kakhulu elisebenza kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Omama abancelisayo kufanele uqaphele ukuthi i-ethosuximide ingadluliselwa ngobisi lwebele. 
• Isexwayiso Sokozela: I-Ethosuximide ingabangela ukozela noma ikwenze uzizwe unesiyezi, ngakho gwema ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini uze wazi ukuthi ikuthinta kanjani. 
• Utshwala: Gwema utshwala, njengoba bunganyusa le miphumela. 
• Ukuqapha: Ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi. Udokotela wakho uzoyibhekisisa inqubekela-phambili yakho futhi angase ayale igazi futhi ukuhlolwa komchamo. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-ethosuximide ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuba ukuquleka kubuye noma kube kubi kakhulu. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile noma imiphumela emibi, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Isebenza kanjani i-Ethosuximide Tablet

I-Ethosuximide ithonya umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho ukulawula ukungabikho kokuquleka. Isebenza ngokubophezela kumashaneli e-calcium azwela amandla ohlobo lwe-T kuthalamus. Lezi ziteshi zidlala indima edingekayo ekwakhiweni kokuquleka ungekho. Ngokuvimbela lezi ziteshi, i-ethosuximide icindezela umjikelezo omithathu ongajwayelekile ngomzuzwana ngamunye we-spike kanye nomsebenzi wamagagasi ohlobene nokuqamuka kokwazi okuvamile lapho ungekho.

Lo muthi uphumelela kakhulu ekubambeni ungekho kodwa awusizi kwezinye izinhlobo zesithuthwane. Yehlisa imvamisa yokuhlasela kwe-epileptiform ngokucindezela i-motor cortex futhi ikhuphule umkhawulo wesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi sibe yizinto eziququdayo. Indlela eyingqayizivele ye-Ethosuximide iyenza ibe ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kokungabi khona kwesithuthwane, ithole igama lesidlaliso 'iponi elikhohlisayo elilodwa' ekwelapheni kwesithuthwane.

Ngingayithatha I-Ethosuximide Neminye Imithi?

I-Ethosuximide ingaxhumana nemithi ehlukahlukene. Eminye imithi ingase ithinte ukusebenza kwe-ethosuximide noma yandise ingozi yemiphumela engemihle. Okulandelayo ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa ze-ethosuximide okuvamile:

• I-antihistamine
• I-Alprazolam
• I-Carbamazepine
• I-Diazepam
• I-Isoniazid 
• I-Lamotrigine 
• Ama-relaxant muscle
• Ama-opioids anciphisa ubuhlungu
• I-Orlistat
• Phenobarbital 
• Phenytoin
• I-Rifampicin 
• I-Valproic acid  

Ulwazi Lomthamo

I-Ethosuximide itholakala kuma-capsules angu-250 mg noma i-250 mg/5 mL yokumiswa ngomlomo. 

Umthamo wokuqala wabantu abadala nezingane ezineminyaka eyisithupha nangaphezulu ngu-500 mg ngomlomo kanye ngosuku. Umthamo unganyuswa ngo-250 mg njalo ezinsukwini ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-7, kuze kufike ku-1500 mg nsuku zonke. 

Izingane ezineminyaka emi-3 kuye kweyi-6 ngokuvamile ziqala ngo-250 mg kanye ngosuku. Umthamo wakho uzonqunywa ngokuya ngesisindo somzimba. 

Hlala ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho futhi uthintane nabo kuqala ngaphambi kokushintsha umthamo wakho.

Isiphetho

I-Ethosuximide inendima enkulu ekulawuleni ukuquleka ungekho, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Ukusebenza kwayo ekulawuleni lokhu kuphelelwa yisikhathi ekuqwashiseni kwenza kube indlela yokwelapha isifo sokuwa ungekho. Ikhono lomuthi lokunciphisa ukusebenza kobuchopho okungavamile ngokukhomba imigudu ethile linikeza impumuzo ezigulini eziningi ezibhekene nalolu hlobo lwesifo sokuwa.

Nakuba i-ethosuximide inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile, kubalulekile ukuyisebenzisa ngokucophelela nangaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela. Iziguli nabanakekeli kufanele bazi ngemiphumela engemihle kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi lo muthi usetshenziswa ngendlela ephephile futhi ephumelelayo. Ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, i-ethosuximide ingazithuthukisa kakhulu izimpawu, okuholela ekuphileni okungcono kulabo abathintekayo ngenxa yokuquleka ukungabikho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Isidakamizwa se-ethosuximide sisetshenziselwa ini?

I-Ethosuximide inqunyelwe ukwelapha ukuquleka, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi yi-petit mal isithuthwane. Isebenza kahle ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu ubudala kanye nabantu abadala abanenkinga yokuqwashisa isikhashana. Lo muthi usebenza ngokulawula ukusebenza kukagesi okungavamile ebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokuquleka.

2. Uyithatha nini i-ethosuximide?

Odokotela bayeluleka ukuthi i-ethosuximide iphuzwe kabili ngosuku, kanye ekuseni nakanye kusihlwa, ngokufanelekile ihlukaniswe ngamahora ayi-10-12. Kubalulekile ukuyithatha kanyekanye (izi)nsuku zonke ukuze ulondoloze amazinga angaguquki emzimbeni. Ezinye iziguli zingayalelwa ukuthi ziyiphuze kathathu ngosuku, zihlukaniswe cishe amahora ayisi-6.

3. Yini engeke ithathwe nge-ethosuximide?

Imithi ethile ingasebenzisana ne-ethosuximide. Kuyisibopho ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa imithi yokwelapha ngamakhambi kanye neyokulekelelana. Umuntu ngamunye kufanele agweme utshwala ngenkathi ethatha i-ethosuximide njengoba ingakhuphula imiphumela emibi efana nokozela nesiyezi.

4. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma umthamo weqiwe, thatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma kuyisikhathi sedosi yakho elandelayo, ungayithathi ephuthelwe futhi uqhubeke nokudosa kwakho okujwayelekile.