I-Glyburide

I-Glyburide

Umuthi we-Glyburide udlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini thayipha 2 sikashukela i-mellitus (T2DM). I-Glyburide, umuthi osetshenziswa kabanzi womlomo we-antidiabetic, ungowesigaba semithi ye-sulfonylurea. Kuthinta umzimba insulin ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa, okwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile ekulawulweni kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Glyburide kudlulela ngalé kokwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Lo mhlahlandlela uzohlola ukuthi amaphilisi e-glyburide asebenza kanjani, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okufanele, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona.

Iyini i-Glyburide?

I-Glyburide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-glibenclamide, umuthi wesizukulwane sesibili we-sulfonylurea ogunyazwe yiFood and Drug Administration (FDA) ukwelapha uhlobo 2 sikashukela. Kuyasiza ukwehlisa izinga likashukela egazini kubantu abanalesi simo. I-Glyburide isetshenziswa kanye nokudla nokuzivocavoca, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuhlanganiswa neminye imithi, ukuphatha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngempumelelo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Glyburide

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamaphilisi e-glyburide ukwelapha amazinga aphezulu eglucose egazini elihambisana nesifo sikashukela soHlobo 2 (isimo esiholela emazingeni aphezulu eglucose egazini). Lokhu kwelashwa kungase futhi kunciphise ingozi yezinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela ezifana nalezi:

• Isifo senhliziyo kanye nestroke
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Umonakalo wezinzwa
• Izinkinga zamehlo, okuhlanganisa ukushintsha kokubona noma ukulahlekelwa
• Isifo sezinsini

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ithebhulethi yeGlyburide

Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamaphilisi e-glyburide kubalulekile ukuze kusebenze kahle sikashukela abaphathi. Nazi iziqondiso ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwayo:

• Iziguli kufanele ziphuze amaphilisi e-glyburide ngesikhathi sasekuseni noma ngesidlo sazo sokuqala sosuku. Lesi sikhathi sisiza ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle komuthi ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini.
• Kubalulekile ukulandela uhlelo oluthile lokudla olunikezwa udokotela. Lolu hlobo lokudla lubalulekile ekulawuleni isimo futhi luqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi usebenza ngendlela efanele.
• Abantu abadala asebekhulile basengozini enkulu yemiphumela emibi evela ku-glyburide; ngakho-ke, thintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokudla lo muthi.
• Umuthi kufanele ugcinwe ebhokisini elivaliwe ekamelweni lokushisa (phakathi kuka-20 ° C kuya ku-25 ° C). Ivikele ekushiseni, emswakameni, nasekukhanyeni okuqondile, futhi uyigcine ikude nezingane. 
• Kufanele ulahle umuthi ophelelwe yisikhathi noma ongasetshenzisiwe njengoba uqondiswa udokotela wakho.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Glyburide

Imiphumela emibi evamile ye-glyburide ihlanganisa:

• I-nausea
• Umuzwa wokugcwala esiswini
• isilungulela
• Itching noma ukuqubuka
• Ukuzithoba
• Ukudlula kwegesi

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu, nakuba ingajwayelekile, idinga ukunakwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Izimpawu zikashukela wegazi ophansi (Hypoglycaemia): Ikhanda elibuhlungu, indlala, isiyezi, ukudideka, ukungaboni kahle, inkulumo engaboni kahle, ukujuluka, ukuqhaqhazela, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Izimpawu Zokungezwani Nomzimba Kakhulu: Izinkinga zokuphefumula, inhliziyo egijimayo, imfiva, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, inkinga yokugwinya, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ukuqubuka.
• Ukusuka okungavamile noma ukulimaza
• Ukuphuzi kwamehlo noma isikhumba
• Umchamo omnyama noma indle enombala okhanyayo
• ezinzima ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo okuphikelelayo noma oluhlanzayo

Ukuqapha

• Amagciwane: Yazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba, ikakhulukazi i-sulfonamides noma i-sulfonylureas.
• Izimo zokwelashwa: Dalula zonke izimo zezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zesibindi noma zezinso, ukuphazamiseka kwe-adrenal noma i-pituitary gland, kanye nokuntuleka kwe-G6PD.
• Imithi: Tshela umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngayo yonke imithi, okuhlanganisa nemithi etholakala ekhawuntaleni nezithasiselo, ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisana okungaba khona.
• Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa: I-Glyburide ingase ingafaneleki ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa noma ngenkathi encelisa; thintana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ezinye izindlela.
• Ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini: Qaphela njengoba i-Glyburide ingabangela isiyezi noma ukozela, okungase kuphazamise ikhono lakho lokushayela noma lokusebenzisa imishini ngokuphepha.

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Glyburide

I-Glyburide isiza ukuphatha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo emzimbeni. Lo muthi usebenza ngokuyinhloko ngokushukumisa amanyikwe ukuthi akhiphe i-insulin eyengeziwe, ihomoni yemvelo ebalulekile ekwakhiweni koshukela emzimbeni. Indlela yokusebenza ye-glyburide ibandakanya ukukhomba ama-receptors athile kuma-pancreas. Ibophezela ku-sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) kumaseli we-pancreatic beta, okubangela ukuvalwa kweziteshi ze-potassium ezizwela i-ATP. 
Ngokuphoqelela i-SUR1 ivaliwe, i-glyburide idlula inqubo evamile encike ku-glucose futhi ikhuthaze ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin eyengeziwe. Le nqubo isiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu imizimba yabo ekhiqiza i-insulin ngokwemvelo.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Glyburide Ngeminye Imithi?

I-Glyburide ingaxhumana nemithi ehlukahlukene, amavithamini namakhambi. Lokhu kusebenzisana kungase kushintshe indlela i-glyburide esebenza ngayo noma kwandise ingozi yemiphumela engemihle. Iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo ngayo yonke imithi eqhubekayo kanye nezithako zemithi ukuze zigweme izinkinga ezingase zibe khona.
Eminye yemithi esebenzisana ne-glyburide ihlanganisa:

• IBosentan
• I-Cisapride ne-metoclopramide
• Clarithromycin
• Colisevelam
• I-Methotrexate
• Rifampin
• Warfarin

Okunye ukusebenzisana okumele ukuqaphele:

• Ama-antacid kanye nemithi elwa ne-antifungal ingakhuphula imiphumela ye-glyburide, okungenzeka ibangele ukwehla koshukela egazini.
• Ama-diuretics angadala ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga kashukela egazini.
• Ama-NSAID, kuhlanganise ne-aspirin, angaholela ezimpahleni eziphansi zikashukela uma ethathwa ne-glyburide.
• I-Probenecid ne-chloramphenicol ingakhuphula umphumela we-glyburide, ibangele ushukela wegazi ophansi.

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo we-Glyburide uyahlukahluka kuye ngezidingo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nezimo zezokwelapha. Kubantu abadala abanohlobo 2 lwe-DM, umthamo wokuqala wamathebulethi ajwayelekile we-glyburide usuka ku-2.5 kuye ku-5 mg kanye ngosuku, othathwa kanye nebhulakufesi noma ukudla kokuqala okuyinhloko. Umthamo wesondlo ungalungiswa phakathi kwe-1.25-20 mg nsuku zonke, ungadluli ama-20 mg nsuku zonke. Umthamo wokuqala wethebhulethi ye-glyburide emincane ngu-1.5 kuye ku-3 mg kanye ngosuku, ngomthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke we-glyburide ongu-12 mg.

Isiphetho

I-Glyburide idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwayo emzimbeni. Lo muthi unomthelela ekulawuleni ushukela wegazi, usize iziguli ukuthi zithole imiphumela engcono yezempilo futhi wehlise nengozi yezinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela. Ukusebenza kahle kwayo, kuhlanganiswe nokudla okufanele nokuzivocavoca, kuyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yesu lakho lokulawula isifo sikashukela.

Ama-FAQ:

1. I-glyburide isetshenziselwa ini kakhulu?

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-glyburide ukwelapha amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini (hyperglycemia) ebangelwa uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela. Kuyasiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi ngokushukumisa amanyikwe ukuthi akhiphe i-insulin eningi futhi athuthukise ikhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa i-insulin ngendlela efanele. I-Glyburide ijwayele ukunikezwa kanye nokudla nokuguqulwa kokuzivocavoca ukuze ulawule isifo sikashukela ngempumelelo.

2. Ubani odinga ukuthatha i-glyburide?

Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza i-glyburide kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 abangakwazi ukulawula isimo sabo ngokudla nangokuvivinya umzimba kuphela. Iziguli ezingakwazi ukwelapha isifo sikashukela nge-metformin zithola lo muthi. Kodwa-ke, akuboniswanga ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 noma i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela.

3. Ingabe kubi ukusebenzisa i-glyburide nsuku zonke?

I-Glyburide iklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke njengoba kunqunywe udokotela. Kuyasiza ukulawula ushukela egazini kodwa aselapheki isifo sikashukela. Iziguli kufanele ziqhubeke nokuthatha i-glyburide ngisho noma zizwa kahle futhi akufanele zime ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wazo.

4. Ingabe i-glyburide iphephile?

I-Glyburide ngokuvamile iphephile uma isetshenziswa njengoba kushiwo. Kodwa-ke, kungabangela imiphumela emibi evamile, okuhlanganisa isicanucanu, isilungulela, nokuqubuka. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingase ihlanganise ukungezwani komzimba, imihuzuko noma ukopha okungavamile, ukuhlanza okungapheli, ukuba phuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, noma ukuvuvukala. 

5. Ubani ongakwazi ukusebenzisa i-glyburide?

I-Glyburide iphikisana neziguli ezine:

• Thayipha i-1 sikashukela
• Isifo sikashukela i-ketoacidosis
• Ukushoda kwe-Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD).
• Isifo sezinso esibi kakhulu (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2)
• I-allergies eyaziwayo ye-glyburide noma amanye ama-sulfonylureas

6. Ingabe i-glyburide iphephile ezinso?

I-Glyburide kufanele igwenywe ezigulini ezinesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) isigaba 3 noma ngaphezulu. Kunganyusa ubungozi beziqephu ezinzima ze-hypoglycemic ezigulini ezinokwehluleka kwezinso.

7. Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-glyburide ebusuku?

I-Glyburide ivamise ukululekwa ngesidlo sasekuseni noma ngokudla okuyinhloko kosuku. Kubalulekile ukulandela uhlelo lomthamo olunikezwa udokotela wakho. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nesikhathi, thintana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe.