I-Granisetron

I-Granisetron

I-nausea futhi oluhlanzayo yimiphumela emibi evamile iziguli eziningi ezibhekana nazo ngesikhathi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi imisebe ukwelashwa. I-Granisetron umuthi onamandla esiza iziguli ukuthi zilawule lezi zimpawu eziyinselele ngempumelelo. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uchaza konke iziguli okudingeka zikwazi mayelana ne-granisetron, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, umthamo ofanele, imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo okufanele zigcinwe engqondweni ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.

Iyini i-Granisetron?

I-Granisetron umuthi onamandla we-antiemetic.

Umuthi ukhomba ngokusobala futhi uvimbe ama-serotonin 5-HT3 receptors emzimbeni. Nansi indlela i-granisetron esiza ngayo iziguli:

• Yehlisa ukusebenza kwe-vagus nerve, elawula isikhungo sokuhlanza ebuchosheni
• Ivimbela ama-serotonin receptors kokubili ebuchosheni nasohlelweni lokugaya ukudla
• Isebenza ngaphandle kokuthinta ama-dopamine receptors noma ama-muscarinic receptors

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Granisetron

Okulandelayo ezinye ze-granisetron ezivamile zokusetshenziswa:

• Ukuvimbela isicanucanu nokuhlanza ngesikhathi sokuqala nokuphindaphinda izifundo zokwelapha umdlavuza
• Ukuphathwa kwezimpawu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-cisplatin ephezulu
• Ukulawula isicanucanu sangemva kokuhlinzwa nokuhlanza
• Ukuvimbela ukugula ngesikhathi sokushiswa komzimba wonke
• Ukukhululwa ezimpawini phakathi nemisebe yesisu ehlukanisiwe yansuku zonke

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Granisetron

• Thatha lomuthi ngomlomo ngengilazi yamanzi.
• Geza ithebhulethi yonke ngamanzi.
• Uma isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ngemisebe, iziguli kufanele ziphuze ithebhulethi lingakapheli ihora elingu-1 ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale isikhathi sazo semisebe. 
• Iziguli kufanele zilandele imiyalelo yazo kadokotela ngokunembile. Ukuphuza imithi eminingi noma ukuyisebenzisa kaningi kunalokho okushiwo ngeke kuyithuthukise imiphumela. Umuthi usebenza kahle kakhulu uma uphuzwe ngesikhathi esifanele nangenani elifanele.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Granisetron

Imiphumela emibi evamile iziguli ezingaba nazo ihlanganisa:

• bekhanda
• Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesisu
• ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka
• Kunzima ukulala
• isiyezi

Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nokusabela okubi kakhulu okudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha, okufana nalokhu:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu
• Ukusuka okungavamile noma ukulimaza
• ezinzima ubuhlungu besisu
• Izinguquko embonweni
• Ukuphefumula kanzima

Ukuqapha

Odokotela kufanele baziswe nganoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona, ikakhulukazi:

• Izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo noma izimo zenhliziyo
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesisu kwakamuva
• Isifo sesibindi 
• Ukungezwani komzimba okwaziwayo emithini efanayo
• Izinhlelo zokukhulelwa noma zokuncelisa

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Granisetron

Uhambo lomuthi luqala lapho ingena egazini. Uma usufikile, i-granisetron iqondise lezi zindawo ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

• Ivimba ama-serotonin (5-HT3) ama-receptors endaweni yokuhlanza yobuchopho
• Ivimbela ukusebenza kwemizwa ye-vagus ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla
• Yehlisa ukudluliswa kwezimpawu zesicanucanu phakathi kwamathumbu nobuchopho
• Idala umgoqo ovikelayo imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali-izimpendulo ezicushiwe

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Granisetron Ngeminye Imithi?

Izinhlobo ezithile zemithi zidinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile lapho zithathwa ne-granisetron:

• antidepressant
• Imithi ye-Antifungal, njenge i-fluconazole, itraconazole, i-ketoconazole
• Igazi elincane
• I-Cisapride
• Imithi yesigqi senhliziyo
• Izithako zemithi
• I-Linezolid
• Ama-opioid, njenge-fentanyl
• Eminye imithi yokulwa nesicanucanu
• Imithi yobuhlungu
• Pimozide

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Ngesicanucanu esihlobene ne-chemotherapy, odokotela bavame ukutusa:

• Umthamo owodwa we-2mg uthathwe ehoreni elingu-1 ngaphambili imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Kungenjalo, i-granisetron 1mg iphuzwa kabili ngosuku - umthamo wokuqala ihora eli-1 ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nomthamo wesibili amahora ayi-12 kamuva.
• Ukuze zelashwe ngemisebe, iziguli zivame ukuthola u-2mg kanye ngosuku lingakapheli ihora ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Umthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke akufanele udlule i-9mg esikhathini esingamahora angama-24.
• Kulabo abanokukhubazeka kwezinso okumaphakathi (ukusebenza kwezinso phakathi kuka-30-59 mL/min), odokotela ngokuvamile bathatha imithamo yesikhala okungenani izinsuku eziyi-14 ngokuhlukana. Kodwa-ke, iziguli ezinenkinga enkulu yezinso (ukusebenza ngaphansi kuka-30 mL/min) akufanele zisebenzise izinhlobo ezithile ze-granisetron.

Isiphetho

I-Granisetron ime njengomuthi obalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwesimanje, isiza iziguli ezingenakubalwa ukulawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okuyinselele. Odokotela bayawuthemba lo muthi ngesenzo sawo esiqondisiwe kanye nokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe kuzo zonke izimo zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene.

Iziguli ezilandela amashejuli azo omthamo omisiwe nemihlahlandlela yokuphepha zingalindela ukukhululeka okuthembekile esicanucanu esihlobene nokwelashwa. Ukutholakala komuthi ngezindlela ezahlukene kuwenza uvumelane nezidingo ezahlukene zesiguli kanye nezinhlelo zokwelapha. Odokotela bacubungula ngokucophelela isimo sesiguli ngasinye, izimo ezikhona, neminye imithi lapho bechaza i-granisetron. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-granisetron iyisidakamizwa esiyingozi kakhulu?

I-Granisetron inephrofayili yokuphepha enhle uma isetshenziswa njengoba kushiwo. Umuthi ukhombisa ukukhetha okuphezulu kwama-receptors athile kanye nokuxhumana okuncane nezinye izinhlelo zomzimba. Nokho, iziguli ezinezimo zenhliziyo zidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela njengoba kungase kuthinte isigqi senhliziyo.

2. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani i-granisetron ukuya emsebenzini?

Umuthi uqala ukusebenza phakathi nemizuzu engama-30 uma unikezwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Imiphumela yayo ngokuvamile ihlala phakathi nesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngesigamu sempilo yamahora angu-4-6 ezigulini ezinempilo kanye namahora angu-9-12 ezigulini ezinomdlavuza.

3. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Umuntu kufanele aphuze umuthi ogejiwe ngokushesha nje lapho ekhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma kuseduze nethamo elihleliwe elilandelayo, kufanele beqe umthamo abagejiwe futhi baqhubeke neshejuli yabo evamile.

4. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

Izimpawu ze-overdose ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokuqunjelwa. Uma kusolwa ukweqisa izidakamizwa, umuntu kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha noma athinte isikhungo sokulawula ushevu sendawo.

5. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-granisetron?

Iziguli ezine-hypersensitivity eyaziwa emuthini noma izingxenye zayo akufanele zithathe i-granisetron. Labo abanenkinga enkulu yezinso (CrCl ngaphansi kuka-30 mL/min) kufanele bagweme izinhlobo ezithile zemithi.

6. Zingaki izinsuku ozithathayo i-granisetron?

I-Granisetron kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngezinsuku zokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe. Ayihloselwe ukusetshenziswa okuvamile nsuku zonke ngaphandle kwezinsuku zokwelashwa.

7. Ungamisa nini i-granisetron?

Iziguli kufanele zilandele imiyalelo kadokotela mayelana nokuyeka imithi. Ngokuvamile, iyekwa uma umjikelezo wokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe uphela.

8. Ingabe i-granisetron iphephile ezinso?

Umuthi ngokuvamile uphephile ekusebenzeni kwezinso. Kodwa-ke, iziguli ezinezinkinga zezinso ezimaphakathi akufanele ziphuze imithamo kaningi kunezinsuku eziyi-14.

9. Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-granisetron nsuku zonke?

I-Granisetron ayenzelwanga ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, isikhathi eside. Kufanele ithathwe kuphela njengoba kushiwo, ngokuvamile ngezinsuku zokwelashwa.

10. Ingabe i-granisetron iphephile ukuthi isetshenziswe kwabesifazane abakhulelwe?

Kukhona idatha elinganiselwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-Granisetron ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Odokotela kufanele balinganise izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokumelene nezingozi zeziguli ezikhulelwe.

11. Ingabe i-granisetron ibangela ukuqunjelwa?

Yebo, ukuqunjelwa kungomunye wemiphumela emibi evamile ebikwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Granisetron. Cishe i-14.2% yeziguli ingase iphathwe ikhanda, futhi i-7.1% ingase ibhekane nokuqunjelwa.