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IHydroxyzine

IHydroxyzine iyisidakamizwa esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi esidonse ukunaka kodokotela abaningi. Le antihistamine yenza okungaphezu nje kokubhekana nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile; isiphenduke inketho yokuya kuyo yokuphatha ukukhathazeka, isicanucanu, ngisho ukuqwasha. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi kwenze i-hydroxyzine yaba ukukhetha okudumile phakathi kodokotela neziguli. Ake sihlole ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-hydroxyzine futhi sikukhanyisele ngezinzuzo zayo. 

Iyini iHydroxyzine?

Ithebhulethi ye-Hydroxyzine umuthi oguquguqukayo ongokwesigaba sama-antihistamine. Le nhlanganisela, enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi C21H27ClN2O2, isebenzela izinjongo eziningi emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Isebenza ngokuyinhloko ngokuvimbela i-histamine. Kuyinto yemvelo ekhiqizwa umzimba ngesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba. IHydroxyzine nayo inomphumela wokupholisa umzimba.

Ukusetshenziswa kweHydroxyzine

IHydroxyzine inohlu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kwezokwelapha, ezibhekana nezimo nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile kodokotela ekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene, njenge:

Ukunciphisa I-Allergy:

Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ngayo i-hydroxyzine ukukhulula ukulunywa okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Njenge-antihistamine, ivimbela isenzo se-histamine. Kuyinto yemvelo ekhiqizwa umzimba ngesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kwenza i-hydroxyzine ibe inketho ephumelelayo kubantu abanenkinga:

Ukuphathwa Kokukhathazeka:

Odokotela bavame ukunikeza i-hydroxyzine ukwelapha ukukhathazeka nokungezwani okuhambisana ne-psychoneuroses. Kunomphumela wokupholisa umzimba, usize iziguli zizizwe zikhululekile. Odokotela bavame ukuyitusa ekulawuleni ukukhathazeka kwesikhashana. 

I-Sedation yangaphambi kokuhlinzwa:

IHydroxyzine isebenza njengomuthi wangaphambi kwesikhathi obalulekile ngaphambi kwezinqubo zezokwelapha. Isiza iziguli ukuthi zizwe ubuthongo futhi zikhululekile ngaphambi nangemuva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kuphawulwa ikakhulukazi ku:

Ukulawula Isicanucanu Nokuhlanza:

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxyzine ukulawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu kusetshenziswa akubandakanyi isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuhlobene nokukhulelwa.

Usizo Lokulala:

Isici esisodwa esiphawulekayo se-hydroxyzine umphumela wayo wokulalisa, ongaba yinzuzo kwezinye iziguli, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibhekene nokukhathazeka noma izinkinga zokulala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu kozela okungaba khona lapho uthatha i-hydroxyzine.

Isicelo sezilwane:

IHydroxyzine isiza futhi ekwehliseni izimpawu ezinjeni ezihlushwa ukungezwani komzimba, ithuthukise izinga lempilo yazo. Lokhu kubonisa ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-hydroxyzine kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Nakuba i-hydroxyzine inokusetshenziswa okuningi okuzuzisayo, iziguli kanye noDokotela kufanele bazi ngemiphumela engemihle engaba khona. 

Imiphumela Emibi Evamile:

  • Umlomo omile
  • Ukuqunjelwa (ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala)
  • Ukudideka (ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala)
  • isiyezi
  • bekhanda

Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu:

  • Ukuzamazama okungahlosiwe (ukundindizela).
  • Izimo zengqondo/ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa (njengokungahlaliseki noma ukudideka)
  • ukusangana
  • Kunzima ukuchama

Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu: 

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-hydroxyzine ingabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kubandakanya:

  • ukuquleka
  • Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
  • Isiyezi esinzima
  • Ukuphelelwa amandla
  • Ukungezwani komzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuqubuka, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ukulunywa noma ukuvuvukala (ikakhulukazi ubuso, amehlo, ulimi, noma umphimbo)

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iHydroxyzine

IHydroxyzine itholakala ngezindlela ezehlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi, amaphilisi, isiraphu, nokumiswa. Iziguli kufanele zihlale zilandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngokucophelela lapho zithatha le mithi.

  • Thatha i-hydroxyzine ngomlomo, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla.
  • Uma usebenzisa i-oral hydroxyzine ewuketshezi, kubalulekile ukunyakazisa ibhodlela ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye. 
  • Iziguli kufanele zisebenzise isipuni sokulinganisa esimakiwe noma inkomishi yomuthi ukuhlola inani elifanele.
  • Gcina i-hydroxyzine esitsheni esivaliwe ekamelweni lokushisa, kude nomswakama, ukukhanya okuqondile, nokushisa.

Ukuqapha

IHydroxyzine umuthi osebenza ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa awufanele wonke umuntu. Iziguli kudingeka ziqaphele izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, njenge:

  • Abantu abangezwani ne-cetirizine noma i-levocetirizine kufanele bagweme i-hydroxyzine. 
  • Labo abanezimo zenhliziyo ezidala isikhathi eside se-QT ku-ECG bayelulekwa ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
  • Izimo ezithile zezempilo, njengezinkinga zokuphefumula, i-glaucoma, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izinkinga zezinso noma zesibindi, ukuphazamiseka kokuquleka, izinkinga zesisu noma amathumbu, i-hyperthyroidism, noma izimo ezibangela ubunzima bokuchama (i-prostate ekhulisiwe)
  • Abantu abadala abadala. Abantu abadala bangase babe nokwanda ukozela, ukudideka, ukuqunjelwa, nezinkinga zokuchama. 
  • Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nokusebenzisa insangu
  • Abesifazane abakhulelwe nomama abancelisa ibele
  • IHydroxyzine ingabangela ukozela nokungaboni kahle. Iziguli kufanele zigweme ukushayela, ukusebenzisa imishini, noma ukwenza imisebenzi edinga ukuqapha.
  • Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo noma udokotela wamazinyo ngayo yonke imikhiqizo eziyisebenzisayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi kadokotela, imithi engagunyaziwe, kanye nemikhiqizo yemithi.
  • Izinhlobo eziwuketshezi ze-hydroxyzine zingaqukatha ushukela noma utshwala. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela noma izimo ezidinga ukukhawulela lezi zinto kufanele zithintane nodokotela wazo noma usokhemisi mayelana nokusebenzisa umkhiqizo ngokuphepha.

Isebenza kanjani iHydroxyzine

IHydroxyzine umuthi onamandla onethonya ekuphenduleni komzimba ku-histamine, into ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba. Isebenza njenge-agonist enamandla ephambene ye-histamine H1 Receptors. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yenza okungaphezu kokuvimba umsebenzi walawa ma-receptors; ithunaza umsebenzi wabo ngenkuthalo. Ngokunciphisa ngenkuthalo ukusebenza kwama-H1 receptors, i-hydroxyzine isiza ekudambiseni i-histaminic edema, ukuqubuka, nokuluma okuhambisana nokungezwani komzimba.

Kodwa imiphumela ye-hydroxyzine idlulela ngale kokukhululeka nje kokungezwani komzimba. Iphinde ibe nomthelela wokuthulisa ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, okunomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo njengemithi ye-anxiolytic (anti-anxiety). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-hydroxyzine ayiyona i-cortical depressant. Esikhundleni salokho, izici zayo zokulalisa cishe zenzeka ezingeni elingaphansi kwe-subcortical yesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Lesi senzo esiyingqayizivele sivumela i-hydroxyzine ukuthi inciphise ukukhathazeka ngaphandle kokucindezeleka ngokuqondile komsebenzi we-cortical.

Esinye isici esiphawulekayo sendlela yokusebenza ye-hydroxyzine yizindawo zayo zokulwa nesicanucanu (anti-nausea). Nakuba inqubo eqondile ingaqondwa ngokugcwele, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lo mphumela kungenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi we-hydroxyzine ezindaweni ezingahlosiwe emzimbeni.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Hydroxyzine Neminye Imithi?

IHydroxyzine isebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi, ngakho ukuqapha lapho uyihlanganisa nezinye izidakamizwa kubalulekile. Eminye yemithi evame ukusetshenziswa engase ihlangane ne-hydroxyzine ihlanganisa:

  • Imithi ye-ADHD 
  • Imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka
  • antidepressant
  • Ama-Antihistamine
  • Ama-Antipsychotics
  • Izinza kwemizwa
  • Ukunciphisa izinhlungu
  • Izinsiza zokulala
  • Utshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-hydroxyzine kungathuthukisa imiphumela yayo yokulalisa, okungase kuholele ebuthongweni obudlulele kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kokuxhumana. 

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo we-Hydroxyzine uyahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka yesiguli, isimo, kanye nohlobo lomuthi osetshenzisiwe. Odokotela banquma umthamo ofanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomuntu ngamunye kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

  • Ngokukhathazeka nokungezwani kwabantu abadala: 50 kuya ku-100 mg izikhathi ezine ngosuku
  • Ukulawula ukungezwani komzimba kubantu abadala: 25 mg izikhathi ezine ngosuku
  • Ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyisithupha nangaphezulu kukho kokubili ukukhathazeka nokulawulwa kokungezwani komzimba: 50 kuya ku-100 mg ngosuku, ihlukaniswe ngemithamo eminingi.
  • Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyisithupha kukho kokubili ukukhathazeka nokuphathwa kokungezwani komzimba: 50 mg ngosuku, futhi ihlukaniswe ngemithamo eminingi.
  • Ukuze isicanucanu nokuhlanza ukulawula kubantu abadala, ngaphandle kwamacala ahlobene nokukhulelwa, umthamo wabazali (onikezwa ngomjovo) uvamise ukuba ngu-25 kuya ku-100 mg nge-intramuscularly, olawulwa kanye. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kudlulela ezimeni zangaphambi nangemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kulawuleke i-emesis.

Isiphetho

IHydroxyzine umuthi onezici eziningi osebenza njenge-antihistamine kanye ne-tranquilliser emnene. Ikhono layo lokubhekana nokungezwani komzimba, ukukhathazeka, novalo lwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa kuyenza ibe ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo ezimeni ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha. 

Ukuze usebenzise i-hydroxyzine ngokuphepha nangempumelelo, iziguli zidinga ukuqaphela imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile noDokotela kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zomuthi zidlula noma yiziphi izingozi. Ngokuqonda ukuthi i-hydroxyzine isebenza kanjani kanye nokulandela imiyalelo yokudosa efanele, abantu bangasebenzisa ngokugcwele lo muthi oguquguqukayo ukuze bathuthukise izinga lokuphila kwabo.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe i-hydroxyzine iphilisi lokulala?

I-Hydroxyzine ayigunyazwanga ngokusemthethweni njengephilisi lokulala, kodwa odokotela bangase bayinikeze ngaphandle kwelebula ukuze isize ngezinkinga ezihlobene nokulala. Njenge-antihistamine edambisayo, i-hydroxyzine ithonya amaphethini okulala. Ngokwezifundo ezimbalwa, kunganciphisa isikhathi sokuqala kokulala, okuvumela abantu ukuthi balale ngokushesha. Ingase futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yokulala ozibika yona futhi ikhulise isikhathi sokulala esiphelele.

2. Ubani okungafanele aphuze i-hydroxyzine?

Amaqembu amaningana abantu kufanele aqaphele noma agweme ukuthatha i-hydroxyzine ngokuphelele:

  • Abantu abadala kanye nezingane 
  • Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezempilo, njengezinkinga zokuphefumula (isifuba somoya), ukuwohloka komqondo, i-glaucoma, izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla, i-myasthenia gravis, i-thyroid esebenza ngokweqile, ukuquleka, nobunzima bokuchama.
  • Iziguli ezinezimo zenhliziyo, njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane, noma umlando womndeni wokwelulwa kwe-QT
  • Labo abaphuza imithi ethile

3. Ingabe i-hydroxyzine iyilungele inhliziyo?

IHydroxyzine ayinqunyelwe ngokuqondile izimo zenhliziyo. Kungase kube yingozi kwabanye abantu abanezinkinga zenhliziyo. Umuthi uhlotshaniswe nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi ukwelulwa kwe-QT, okuholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okungathí sina futhi okungase kubulale noma okungajwayelekile.

4. Ingakanani i-hydroxyzine ephephile?

Umthamo ophephile we-hydroxyzine uyahlukahluka futhi uncike esimweni sokwelashwa, iminyaka yesiguli, nezici ngazinye. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iziphathimandla ezilawulayo ziye zancoma umthamo omkhulu ongu-100mg ngosuku kubantu abadala ngenxa yezingozi ezingaba khona zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Umthamo omkhulu weziguli esezikhulile akufanele udlule i-50mg ngosuku. Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nomthamo. Lungisa umthamo wakho kuphela ngemva kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala.

5. I-hydroxyzine isetshenziselwa ini ngokuyinhloko?

IHydroxyzine inokusetshenziswa okuningana okuyinhloko emisebenzini yezokwelapha:

  • Ukulawula ukungezwani komzimba, okufana ne-urticaria engapheli (i-hives), ukungezwani kwesikhumba, kanye ne-histamine-mediated pruritus (ukulunywa)
  • Ukwelapha ukukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi izimpawu zokukhathazeka zesikhashana 
  • Ukwenza isimo sokulala nokuphumula ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
  • Ukulawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza, nakuba lokhu kusetshenziswa kungafaki izimo ezihlobene nokukhulelwa.
  • Insiza yokulala yesikhashana