I-Ipratropium

I-Ipratropium

I-Ipratropium iyi-bronchodilator odokotela abavame ukuyinikeza izimo zokuphefumula. Kuthinta imigudu yomoya, kuphumuze imisipha futhi kwenze ukuphefumula kungabi nzima kulabo abanesifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvinjwa kwamaphaphu (COPD) noma isifuba somoya. Ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa kwe-ipratropium kanye nomthamo kungabaluleka ezigulini ezifuna ukukhululeka ezimpawu zazo.

Le bhulogi ebanzi ihlose ukuhlola izici ezihlukahlukene ze-ipratropium. Sizobheka ukuthi iyini, isebenza kanjani, kanye nezinkomba zayo ezindabeni ezahlukene zokuphefumula. 

Iyini i-Ipratropium?

I-Ipratropium iyimithi ye-anticholinergic odokotela abayinikeza ukulawula izimpawu ezihlobene ne-bronchospasm ku-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lo muthi ungowesigaba semithi eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-bronchodilator, esiza ukuvula imigudu yokuphefumula nokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula ezigulini ezinezimo zokuphefumula.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ipratropium

I-Ipratropium inendima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izimo zokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa: 

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-ipratropium ekwelapheni i-COPD, okuhlanganisa i-bronchitis engapheli kanye ne-emphysema. Igunyazwe yi-US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) yokwelapha ama-bronchospasm ahlobene nalezi zimo. 

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko, i-ipratropium inezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana:

• Ukuphathwa Kwesifuba Somoya: Nakuba ingeyona indlela yokwelapha yomugqa wokuqala, i-ipratropium inendima ekulawuleni ukushuba okukhulu kwesifuba somoya. 
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Rhinorrhea: Ukwakhiwa kwesifutho samakhala se-ipratropium (0.06%) kunemvume ye-FDA yokunikeza ukukhululeka kwezimpawu ku-rhinorrhea kubantu abadala nasezinganeni ezinhlanu nangaphezulu. 
• I-Non-Allergic Rhinitis: I-Ipratropium nasal spray iphephile futhi iyasebenza ekulawuleni i-rhinorrhea ehambisana ne-non-allergic rhinitis. 
• Izicelo ze-ICU: Ezilungiselelweni zokunakekelwa okujulile, i-ipratropium isetshenziselwa ukusula izimfihlo, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezingenayo.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Ipratropium 

I-Ipratropium itholakala njengesixazululo sokuhogela noma i-aerosol. 

Okokuhogela:

• Bamba i-inhaler endaweni eqondile lapho umlomo wayo ubheke kuwe.
• Susa i-cap futhi usule umlomo kahle.
• Gcoba kancane i-inhaler izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezine.
• Adonse umoya kancane futhi kahle.
• Sebenzisa le ndlela elandelayo yokuhogela enconywe udokotela wakho:
  • Indlela yokuvula umlomo: Misa umlomo ongama-intshi angu-1-2 phambi komlomo wakho ovuleke kakhulu.
  • Indlela Yomlomo Ovaliwe: Beka umlomo phakathi kwamazinyo akho naphezu kolimi lwakho, uvale izindebe zakho ngokuqinile nxazonke.
• Qala ukuphefumula kancane futhi ujule ngomlomo wakho ngenkathi ucindezela i-canister kanye.
• Qhubeka uphefumula (gqugquzela) kancane kancane imizuzwana emi-5-10.
• Bamba umoya wakho kuze kufike kumasekhondi angu-10.
• Khipha umlomo bese uphefumula kancane.
• Uma odokotela benquma ukukhukhumeza okuningi, linda kancane ngaphambi kokuphinda inqubo.

Ngesixazululo se-Nebuliser:

• Thela inani elinqunyiwe lesixazululo enkomishini ye-nebuliser.
• Xhuma i-nebuliser emlonyeni noma imaski yobuso.
• Faka umlomo emlonyeni wakho noma ufake imaskhi yobuso.
• Vula i-nebuliser bese uphefumula ngokujwayelekile kuze kusetshenziswe wonke umuthi.

Imiphumela Emibi Yezibhebhe ze-Ipratropium

Iziguli eziningi ezisebenzisa i-ipratropium zingase zithole:

• Umlomo owomile (xerostomia)
• Ukunambitheka okungemnandi
• Ukukhwehlela okukhiqiza amafinyila
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukuqina esifubeni
• Ukushisa
• Ubuhlungu besinye
• Ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• Ukufisa ukuchama njalo
• Igazi noma umchamo oguqubele

Nakuba kungavamile, ukusabela okunzima kungase kwenzeke:

• Ukusabela kwe-Hypersensitivity
• Anaphylaxis
• I-Arrhythmias, okuhlanganisa ukushuba kwe-atrial flutter kanye ne-atrial fibrillation
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhogela i-ipratropium aerosol kungakhuphula umfutho we-intraocular, kubangele noma kubi nakakhulu i-angle-angled. i-glaucoma.

Ukuqapha

Iziguli kufanele ziqonde ukuthi i-ipratropium ayiwona umuthi osiza ngokushesha wezinkinga zokuphefumula kungazelelwe. Yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa njalo njengoba kunqunywe udokotela.

• Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, abantu kufanele bazise udokotela wabo ngazo zonke izimo zesistimu, okuhlanganisa i-glaucoma encane kanye ne-prostate ekhulisiwe.
• Umuthi udinga ukulungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umthamo ofanele ulethwa. 
• Iziguli kufanele zigweme ukuthola ipratropium emehlweni azo, okungabangela ubuhlungu noma ukucasuka. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele bathinte udokotela wabo ngokushesha.
• Iziguli kufanele ziqaphele ukuthi i-ipratropium ingabangela isiyezi noma umbono ongenalutho. Kufanele baqaphele lapho beshayela noma besebenzisa imishini baze bazi ukuthi i-ipratropium ibathinta kanjani. 

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Ipratropium

Lapho isiguli sihogela i-ipratropium, iqondise imigudu yomoya ngokuqondile. Umuthi uvimba ukusebenza kwe-acetylcholine, i-neurotransmitter ebhekele ukufinyela kwemisipha emigudwini yomoya. Ngokuvimbela isimiso sezinzwa se-parasympathetic emigwaqweni yomoya, i-ipratropium inciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukugcinwa kwe-bronchial kanye nokuvinjelwa.

Ezingeni lamaselula, i-ipratropium ithinta amangqamuzana emisipha abushelelezi alawula ububanzi bomgwaqo womoya. Ngokuvamile, ukukhululwa kwe-acetylcholine kulawa maseli emisipha kubangela ukuba bangene, okuholela emigwaqweni yomoya emincane. Kodwa-ke, lapho ilawulwa, i-ipratropium ivimbela i-acetylcholine ekubopheni kuma-receptors ayo. Lesi senzo simisa ukufinyela kwamaseli emisipha abushelelezi, okuholela ekukhululekeni nasekuvulekeni kwemigudu yomoya.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Ipratropium Ngeminye Imithi?

Eminye imithi evamile engase ihlanganyele ne-ipratropium ihlanganisa:

• I-Aclidinium
• I-Adenosine
• I-Alfentanil
• Amantadine
• Ama-Antipsychotics (isb, i-chlorpromazine, i-clozapine, i-risperidone)
• Ama-Antihistamine (isb, i-cetirizine, i-diphenhydramine, i-loratadine)
• I-Atropine
• I-Benztropine
• insangu
• I-Domperidone
• I-Glycopyrrolate
• Iziphumuli zemisipha (isb, i-cyclobenzaprine)
• Izidambisi zobuhlungu benarcotic (isb, codeine, morphine)
• I-Tricyclic antidepressants (isb, amitriptyline, desipramine)

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo we-ipratropium uyahlukahluka futhi uncike eminyakeni yesiguli, isimo sezokwelapha, kanye nokwakheka okusetshenzisiwe. Odokotela banquma umthamo ofanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomuntu ngamunye kanye nempendulo yokwelashwa.

Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu abanesifuba somoya, umthamo onconyiwe kusetshenziswa i-aerosol ehogelayo (i-inhaler) ukufunxa oku-1 kuya ku-4 izikhathi ezine ngosuku, ngezikhathi ezihlukene, njengoba kudingeka. 

Uma usebenzisa isixazululo sokuhogela nge-nebuliser yesifuba somoya, abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu ngokuvamile bathola ama-500 mcg kathathu noma kane ngosuku, njalo emahoreni ayisi-6 kuye kwayi-8, njengoba kudingeka. 

Umthamo wokuqala we-inhaler ngokuvamile uwukudonsa kabili izikhathi ezine ngosuku futhi njengoba kudingeka ezigulini ezinakho COPD, i-bronchitis engapheli, ne-emphysema.

FAQ sika

1. Isetshenziselwa ini ipratropium ngokuyinhloko?

I-Ipratropium inomthelela omkhulu ekulawuleni izimo zokuphefumula. Isebenza njenge-bronchodilator, esiza ekwandiseni imigudu yokuphefumula futhi yenze ukuphefumula kube lula ezigulini ezinesifuba somoya esinamandla noma isifo esingamahlalakhona se-pulmonary pulmonary (COPD). 

2. Ubani odinga ukuthatha ipratropium?

I-Ipratropium inqunyelwe ikakhulukazi:

• Iziguli ezine-COPD, kuhlanganise nalabo abane-bronchitis engapheli kanye ne-emphysema
• Abantu ababhekene nokunyuka okukhulu kwesifuba somoya
• Abantu abadala kanye nezingane (abaneminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu) abaphethwe i-rhinorrhea ngenxa umkhuhlane noma i-rhinitis ye-allergenic yonyaka
• Ukusula izimfihlo ezigulini ezifakwe ngaphakathi egunjini labagula kakhulu (ICU)
• Ukuphatha i-rhinitis engaguquki

3. Ingabe kufanele ngiphuze i-ipratropium nsuku zonke?

Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-ipratropium incike esimweni sokwelashwa kanye nokubunjwa okunqunyiwe. 

4. Ingabe i-ipratropium ifushane noma ithatha isikhathi eside?

I-Ipratropium ithinta imigudu yomoya njenge-ejenti esebenza isikhathi esifushane. Ivimbela isimiso sezinzwa se-parasympathetic ezingeni lomoya, okhiqiza i-bronchodilation. Umphumela wale ejenti uqala ngemva kwamahora angu-1-2 futhi ube nomthelela wokuphefumula cishe amahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-6.

5. Kungani i-ipratropium ihlanganiswe ne-salbutamol?

I-Ipratropium isebenza njenge-anticholinergic ejenti, ivimbela ama-muscarinic receptors, kuyilapho i-salbutamol ivuselela ama-beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Lesi senzo esikabili sinomthelela ku-bronchodilation ngezindlela ezahlukene. Futhi, izidakamizwa ezilwa ne-anticholinergic njenge-ipratropium zinomthelela ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni emikhulu yomoya, kuyilapho ama-beta-2 agonists enza i-peripheral conducting airways. Le nhlanganisela inikeza ukumbozwa komzila womoya obanzi.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha alwenzelwe ukufaka iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ulwazi aluhloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka, imiphumela engemihle, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Lolu lwazi aluhloselwe ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi othile kufanelekile, kuphephile, noma kuyasebenza wena noma omunye umuntu. Ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi noma isexwayiso mayelana nomuthi akufanele kuhunyushwe njengesiqinisekiso esicacile esivela enhlanganweni. Sikweluleka ngokuqinile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma kukhona okukukhathazayo ngomuthi futhi ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.