Levothyroxine

Levothyroxine

I-Levothyroxine, i-hormone replacement therapy, idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuphazamiseka kwe-yegilo. Le hormone yokwenziwa yegilo isiza ukubuyisela ibhalansi kumetabolism yomzimba, amazinga wamandla, nokuphila kahle okuphelele. Amaphilisi e-Levothyroxine anqunyelwe iziguli ezinezindlala zegilo ezingasebenzi, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-hypothyroidism, esikhundleni se-hormone imizimba yabo ayikwazi ukukhiqiza ngokwemvelo. Ake sihlole izici ezibalulekile zomuthi we-levothyroxine.

Iyini i-Levothyroxine?

I-Levothyroxine iyi-synthetic thyroxine (T4), ihomoni ngokwemvelo ekhiqizwa indlala yegilo. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni i-hypothyroidism, isimo se-endocrine lapho indlala yegilo ingakhiqizi ihomoni yegilo eyanele. Lo muthi usiza ukubuyisela amazinga ajwayelekile e-hormone yegilo emzimbeni, okubalulekile ekugcineni umsebenzi ofanele wengqondo nomzimba.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Levothyroxine

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-levothyroxine ukwelapha i-hypothyroidism. Lo muthi uthatha indawo noma unikeza i-hormone yegilo eyengeziwe, ebalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi evamile yomzimba.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-hypothyroidism i-levothyroxine ephatha ngayo:

• I-Hypothyroidism eyinhloko: Lolu hlobo lwenzeka ngenxa yezinkinga zegland ngokwayo, ngokuvamile ezibangelwa isimo sokuzivikela komzimba esibizwa ngokuthi i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis noma ngemva kokukhishwa kwendlala yegilo.
• I-Secondary Hypothyroidism: Lolu hlobo luvela ezinkingeni ze-pituitary gland, okuholela ekwehleni kokukhiqizwa kwehomoni ye-thyroid-stimulating (TSH).
• I-Tertiary Hypothyroidism: Indlela eyivelakancane lapho inkinga ilele ku-hypothalamus, okubangela ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwehomoni ekhipha indlala yegilo (TRH).

I-Levothyroxine nayo inenzuzo kwezinye izinhlobo zezifo ze-thyroid, ezifana nomdlavuza we-thyroid.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Levothyroxine Tablet

• Iziguli kufanele ziphuze umuthi ekuseni okungenani imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60 ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni. 
• Uma usebenzisa ifomu le-oral liquid, lithathe esiswini esingenalutho okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni. Ungayixuba namanzi noma uyifake emlonyeni. Uma ixutshwe namanzi, phuza ngokushesha futhi ugeze ingilazi ngamanzi engeziwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuthi uyadliwa.
• Kubalulekile ukugwema ukudla okuthile lapho uthatha i-levothyroxine:
  • Ukudla kwembewu kakotini, i-fibre yokudla, ufulawa kabhontshisi wesoya, nama-walnuts kunganciphisa ukumuncwa.
  • Gwema i-grapefruit nejusi yamagilebhisi.
• Abantu kufanele baphuze imithi efana nama-antacid, izidakamizwa zokwehlisa i-cholesterol, nemithi yesisu okungenani amahora angu-4 ngaphambi noma ngemva kwe-levothyroxine.
• Ungayeki ukuthatha i-levothyroxine ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho i-endocrinologist.

Imiphumela emibi yethebhulethi ye-levothyroxine

Imiphumela emibi evamile ye-levothyroxine ihlanganisa:

• Ukwandisa ukudla
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Ukuzwela ukushisa
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile
• bekhanda
• Ukungaqondakali
• Uvalo noma ukukhathazeka
• Ukuthukuthela
• I-Mood iyashintsha
• Inkinga yokulala
• Ukukhathala
• ukundindizela
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ushintsho ezikhathini zokuya esikhathini
• Ukuqothuka kwezinwele zesikhashana
• Uhudo
• Ukuvota
• Amajaqamba esisu
• Ubuhlungu be-Bone

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula
• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo, ubuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Izinwele ezinzima
• Ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana okungazelelwe
• Ukudideka noma ukudideka

Ukuqapha

Iziguli ezithatha i-levothyroxine kufanele ziqaphele izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuphepha, njenge:

• Ukuqapha Ukwelashwa Kwesisindo: I-Levothyroxine akufanele isetshenziselwe ukwelashwa kwesisindo noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, njengoba ingasebenzi kule njongo futhi ingabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu uma ithathwa ngamanani amakhulu. 
• Ukuqapha Kwabanesifo Sikashukela: Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele ziqaphe ngokucophelela amazinga kashukela egazi noma womchamo futhi zazise udokotela wazo nganoma yiziphi izinguquko. 
• Ukuqapha Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe: Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bazise udokotela wabo ngokushesha, njengoba bangadinga umthamo omkhulu we-levothyroxine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Ukuqapha Kwabesifazane Abangemva kokuya esikhathini: Abesifazane be-post-menopausal noma labo abasebenzisa i-levothyroxine isikhathi eside bangase balahlekelwe amathambo, okungase kuholele ku-osteoporosis. Iziguli kufanele zixoxe nganoma yimiphi imibuzo nodokotela wazo.
• Izimpawu Zokubheka: Kubalulekile ukubika kudokotela noma yiziphi izimpawu zomuthi oweqile, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukwethuka, noma ukushintsha kwesifiso sokudla. Ngokufanayo, izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism ezinzima, njengobuthakathaka, ukudideka, noma ukuphefumula kanzima, zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Iziguli akufanele ziyeke ukuthatha i-levothyroxine ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wazo. Iziguli kufanele zigweme ukuphuza eminye imithi, okuhlanganisa nezidakamizwa ezithengwa ezitolo nezithasiselo, ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngazo nodokotela wazo kuqala.

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi yeLevothyroxine

I-Levothyroxine ithatha indawo yokwenziwa ye-thyroxine (T4). I-Thyroxine iyi-hormone ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo yindlala yegilo. Ilinganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-T4 yomzimba engapheli, iyenze ibe ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-hypothyroidism.
Uma umuntu ethatha i-levothyroxine, ingena emgudwini wegazi futhi ihambe iye ezicutshini ezihlukahlukene kuwo wonke umzimba. Uma ingaphakathi kwamaseli, i-levothyroxine ibophezela kumaprotheni e-thyroid receptor ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus yeseli. Lokhu kubophezela kuqala uchungechunge lwezehlakalo ezithonya ngokuqondile ukulotshwa kwe-DNA, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-metabolism yomzimba.
Imiphumela ye-levothyroxine ihlanganisa:

• I-gluconeogenesis ethuthukisiwe
• Ukwanda kwamaprotheni synthesis
• Ukuhlanganisa izitolo ze-glycogen

Kumathishu aseduze, enye ye-T4 evela ku-levothyroxine iguqulela ku-T3, okuwuhlobo olusebenza kakhulu lwehomoni yegilo. I-T3 inamandla ahlobene cishe aphindwe kane kune-T4.
I-Levothyroxine isiza ukulawula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba, okuhlanganisa:

• Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphuma kwenhliziyo
• Ukushisa komzimba
• Amazinga wamandla
• I-Metabolism yokudla

Ngokubuyisela amazinga ajwayelekile e-hormone yegilo, i-levothyroxine inciphisa izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism, njengokukhuluma kancane, ukungabi namandla, ukuzuza isisindo, ukulahlekelwa izinwele, isikhumba esomile, nokuzwela okungavamile emakhazeni.

Ngingathatha I-Levothyroxine Ngeminye Imithi?

Ukuhlukanisa i-levothyroxine emithini ethile ngamahora angu-4 kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.
Imithi nezithako ongazigwema kungakapheli amahora ama-4 ngemuva kokuthatha i-levothyroxine zifaka:

• Ama-antacid
• Ama-sequestrants we-bile acid (i-colestipol, i-cholestyramine, i-cholestyramine)
• Calcium supplements
• I-ion exchange resins (kayexalate)
• Izithako zensimbi
• Izibophezelo ze-Phosphate (i-calcium carbonate, i-ferrous sulphate, i-sevelamer, i-lanthanum)
• i-sucralfate

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-12 ngokukhula okuphelele kanye nokuthomba, umthamo wokuqala ngokuvamile u-1.6 kuya ku-1.7 micrograms (mcg) ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba ngosuku. Abantu abadala asebekhulile bangadinga umthamo ophansi. Izingane ezinokukhula okungaphelele kanye nokuthomba ngokuvamile zidinga u-2 kuya ku-3 mcg ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba nsuku zonke.

Isiphetho

I-Levothyroxine inethonya elikhulu ezimpilweni zezigidi ezibhekene nenkinga yegilo. Lokhu kwelashwa kokwenziwa kabusha kwama-hormone kubalulekile ekubuyiseleni ibhalansi kumetabolism yomzimba, amazinga wamandla, kanye nenhlalakahle jikelele. Njengoba sihlolile, ukulinganisa okufanele, isikhathi, kanye nokuqwashisa ngokusebenzisana okungaba khona kubalulekile ekwandiseni lo muthi. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kanye nokuxhumana okuvulekile nabahlinzeki bezempilo kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kahle kwezempilo yegilo.

Ama-FAQ:

1. Isetshenziselwa ini i-levothyroxine?

I-Levothyroxine isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukwelapha i-hypothyroidism. Kuyisimo sezokwelapha lapho indlala yegilo ingakhiqizi ihomoni yegilo eyanele. Ithatha indawo noma inikeza i-hormone yegilo eyengeziwe, ebalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi eminingana yomzimba. 

2. Ubani okufanele aphuze i-levothyroxine?

Abantu abane-thyroid engasebenzi kahle (hypothyroidism) badinga ukuthatha i-levothyroxine. Lesi simo sihlanganisa abantu abane-hypothyroidism eyinhloko (inkinga edlala indlala ngokwayo), i-hypothyroidism yesibili (inkinga ku-pituitary gland), kanye ne-tertiary hypothyroidism (ifomu elingavamile). Iziguli ezinomdlavuza we-thyroid zingase futhi zidinge i-levothyroxine njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwazo.

3. Ingabe kubi ukusebenzisa i-levothyroxine nsuku zonke?

Kulungile ukusebenzisa i-levothyroxine nsuku zonke. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kuyadingeka ezigulini eziningi. 

4. Ingabe i-levothyroxine iphephile?

I-Levothyroxine ngokuvamile iphephile uma ithathwa njengoba kushiwo. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithamo ephezulu kungaholela ekwehleni kwamathambo (i-osteoporosis). Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe futhi uhlolwe igazi ukuze ugcine umthamo ofanele futhi uqaphe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona.

5. Ubani Ongakwazi ukusebenzisa i-levothyroxine?

Abantu abane-thyroid engasebenzi ngokweqile (i-thyrotoxicosis), ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala ze-adrenal, noma izinkinga zenhliziyo zakamuva ezifana nesifo senhliziyo akufanele bathathe i-levothyroxine. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, noma ukuphazamiseka kokujiya kwegazi kufanele zithintane nodokotela wazo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

6. Ingabe i-levothyroxine iphephile ezinso?

I-Levothyroxine ithinta ukusebenza kwezinso kodwa ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ezigulini eziphethwe yilesi sifo isifo sezinso (CKD). 

5. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthatha i-levothyroxine ebusuku?

Yebo, ungathatha i-levothyroxine ebusuku. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukudla ngesikhathi sokulala kungase kuthuthukise amazinga e-hormone yegilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhamba kwamathumbu kuhamba kancane ebusuku, okuvumela ukumuncwa okungcono. 

6. Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuphuza i-levothyroxine?

Ngokwesiko, i-levothyroxine ithathwe ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho, ingxenye yehora elilodwa ngaphambi kwesidlo sasekuseni. Kuyasiza ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka nokumuncwa kwayo ekudleni noma kweminye imithi. Nokho, ucwaningo lwakamuva lusikisela ukuthi ukudla ngaphambi kokulala kungase kusebenze ngendlela efanayo noma kube ngcono nakakhulu kwezinye iziguli.