Linagliptin

Linagliptin

Diabetes ukuphathwa ngokuvamile kudinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi ukusiza ukulawula likashukela egazini amazinga ngempumelelo. Linagliptin igqama njengomuthi obalulekile kulesi sigaba, esiza izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ukulawula uhlobo lwazo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uchaza konke abafundi okudingeka bakwazi ngakho i-linagliptin amaphilisi, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo, umthamo ofanele, imiphumela emibi engaba khona, nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo. 

Iyini Imithi ye-Linagliptin?

I-Linagliptin umuthi kadokotela oyingxenye yezidakamizwa ezibizwa nge-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Igunyazwe yi-FDA, i-linagliptin isiphenduke ithuluzi elibalulekile ekulawuleni uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (T2DM) lapho lihlanganiswa nohlelo lokudla olufanele nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Umuthi unephrofayili ekhethekile ye-pharmacokinetic futhi awunciki kakhulu ezinso ukuze uqedwe. Lapho ithathwa njengoba kuyalelwe, umthamo we-linagliptin 5mg ungavimbela ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-enzyme ye-DPP-4 okungenani amahora angama-24.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Linagliptin

Inhloso eyinhloko yamaphilisi e-linagliptin ukwehlisa izinga likashukela egazini kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Uma isetshenziswa njengoba kuyaliwe, i-linagliptin isiza ukuvikela izinkinga ezingathi sína zezempilo ezingavela ngenxa yesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle. Lezi zinzuzo zesikhathi eside zihlanganisa:

• Ukunciphisa ingozi Isifo senhliziyo futhi unhlangothi
• Ukuvimbela izinkinga zezinso
• Ukuvikelwa ekulimaleni kwezinzwa
• Ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zamehlo
• Amathuba aphansi okuba nesifo sezinsini

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Linagliptin

Umuthi uza njengethebhulethi engu-5mg iziguli okudingeka ziyiphuze kanye ngosuku.

Ukuze uthole imiphumela engaguquki, iziguli kufanele zilandele lezi ziqondiso ezibalulekile zokuphatha:

• Thatha ithebhulethi eyodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye
• Geza ithebhulethi yonke ngamanzi
• Ingathathwa ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla
• Ungayiphuli noma uyichoboze ithebhulethi
• Setha i-alamu njengesikhumbuzi sansuku zonke

Imiphumela emibi ye-Linagliptin 

Imiphumela engemihle evamile iziguli ezingase zibe nayo ihlanganisa:

• Ikhala eligcwele noma eligijimayo
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesisu
• Isikhukhula

Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu: 

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamalunga
• Ukusabela kwesikhumba noma ukuqubuka
• okungajwayelekile ubuhlungu besisu
• Izimpawu ze i-pancreatitis
• Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo

Abantu kufanele bafune ngokushesha isiqondiso sezokwelapha uma bebona izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo
• Ukusabela okukhulu kwesikhumba
• Umkhuhlane ongachazeki

Ukuqapha

• Izimo Ezihlelekile: Izimo zezokwelapha ezibalulekile okufanele zidalulwe:
  • Umlando we-pancreatitis noma i-gallstones
  • Izinkinga zezinso
  • Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
  • High I-triglyceride amazinga
  • Ukungezwani komzimba kwangaphambilini nemithi
  • Iziguli ezihlinzwa, okuhlanganisa nezinqubo zamazinyo, kufanele zazise odokotela bazo ngokuthatha i-linagliptin. 
  • Labo abanomkhuhlane, ukutheleleka, noma ukulimala kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo, njengoba lezi zimo zingathinta amazinga kashukela egazini futhi zingadinga ukulungiswa kwemithi.
• Utshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela lapho uthatha i-linagliptin. Iziguli kufanele zigweme ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile noma okungamahlalakhona njengoba kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
• Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: abesifazane abakhulelwe, abahlela ukukhulelwa, noma ibele omama kufanele baxoxe ngokusetshenziswa kwe-linagliptin nodokotela wabo. 

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Linagliptin

Isayensi esebenza ngempumelelo ye-linagliptin ilele emandleni ayo ahlukile okulawula amazinga kashukela egazini ngomshini othize wokukhomba ama-enzyme. Umuthi usebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) emzimbeni. Uma ithathwa njengoba kuyalelwe, umthamo owodwa we-5mg we-linagliptin ungavimba umsebenzi wale enzyme amahora angama-24 wonke.

Ngokuvimbela i-enzyme ye-DPP-4, i-linagliptin isiza ekugcineni amazinga aphezulu amahomoni amabili abalulekile emzimbeni - i-GLP-1 ne-GIP. Lawa ma-hormone adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ushukela wegazi ngezenzo ezimbalwa:

• Ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin lapho ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka
• Ukunciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-glucagon kuma-pancreas
• Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kukashukela esibindini
• Ukugcina izinga elinempilo leglucose yegazi usuku lonke

Okwenza i-linagliptin isebenze ngokukhethekile amandla ayo okubopha ngokuqinile i-enzyme ye-DPP-4. Lokhu kubophezela okuqinile kuvumela umuthi ukuthi ulondoloze likashukela egazini-ukwehlisa imiphumela ngisho nangemva kokuba umuthi wamahhala ususuliwe emzimbeni. Isenzo somuthi sincike ku-glucose, okusho ukuthi isebenza kanzima uma amazinga kashukela egazini ephezulu futhi encipha uma esejwayelekile, okusiza ukuvimbela ukwehla okuyingozi kumazinga kashukela egazini.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ikhetha kakhulu ekuqondiseni i-enzyme ye-DPP-4 (izikhathi ezingu-40,000 zikhetha kakhulu i-DPP-4 kunama-enzyme ahlobene). Lokhu kukhethwa okuphezulu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi usebenza ngempumelelo ngenkathi unciphisa imiphumela engafuneki kwamanye ama-enzyme afanayo emzimbeni.

Ngingathatha I-Linagliptin Neminye Imithi?

Ukuxhumana kwemithi ebalulekile okufanele kuxoxwe kuyo yilezi:

• Izidakamizwa ezithinta i-enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism, njenge-fexidazole, idelalisib
• Imithi yesifo sokuwa njenge i-carbamazepine
• I-insulin noma eminye imithi yesifo sikashukela
• I-Rifampicin (esetshenziselwa isifo sofuba)
• Izidakamizwa ze-sulfonylurea i-glimepiride or i-glipizide

Ulwazi Lomthamo we-Linagliptin

Odokotela banikeza umthamo ojwayelekile we-linagliptin ohlala unjalo ezigulini eziningi. Umuthi uza njengethebhulethi engu-5mg ephuzwa kanye ngosuku. Iziguli zingathatha umthamo wazo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esivumelana nesimiso sazo, kungaba ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kodwa kufanele zihlose ukuwuthatha ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Isiphetho

I-Linagliptin imele umuthi obalulekile kubantu abaphatha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, osebenza ngempumelelo likashukela egazini ukulawula ngendlela ehlukile ye-DPP-4 yokuvimbela. Umthamo we-5mg womuthi kanye ngosuku wenza kube lula ukuthi iziguli zigcine uhlelo lwazo lokwelashwa kuyilapho zilandela izinqubo zazo zansuku zonke.

Impumelelo nge-linagliptin incike ekusetshenzisweni okufanele nasekuqwashiseni. Iziguli kufanele zikhumbule ukuphuza imithi yazo njalo, zibheke imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, futhi zazise odokotela bazo ngeminye imithi eziyisebenzisayo. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokuqapha ushukela wegazi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza ngempumelelo.

Odokotela bangalungisa izinhlelo zokwelapha ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zesiguli ngasinye, ngezinye izikhathi bahlanganise i-linagliptin neminye imithi yesifo sikashukela ukuze bathole imiphumela engcono. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kanye nephrofayili yokuphepha yomuthi efakazelwe yenza i-linagliptin ibe ukukhetha okuthembekile ekulawuleni isifo sikashukela isikhathi eside.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-linagliptin iphephile ezinso?

Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi i-linagliptin iphephile kubantu abanenkinga yezinso. Ngokungafani neminye imithi eminingi yesifo sikashukela, ayidingi ukulungiswa komthamo kubantu abanomsebenzi wezinso onciphile. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-linagliptin inikeza ukuthuthuka okunengqondo ekulawuleni ushukela ngengozi ephansi kakhulu yemiphumela emibi ehlobene nezinso.

2. I-linagliptin ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza?

I-Linagliptin iqala ukusebenza ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini kusuka kumthamo wokuqala. Umuthi ungavimba ngaphezu kwama-80% omsebenzi we-enzyme ye-DPP-4 isikhathi esigcwele samahora angama-24. Iziguli kufanele ziqhubeke nokuthatha umuthi nsuku zonke ukuze uthole imiphumela engaguquki.

3. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma isiguli sigeja umthamo we-linagliptin, kufanele siwuphuze ngokushesha lapho sikhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma sekusondele isikhathi somthamo olandelayo ohleliwe, kufanele beqe ogejiwe futhi baqhubeke neshejuli yabo evamile. Ungalokothi uthathe umthamo ophindwe kabili.

4. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

Endabeni ye-linagliptin ngokweqile, iziguli kufanele zifune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Izinhlungu zesisu
• Isicanucanu noma oluhlanzayo
• isiyezi

5. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-linagliptin?

I-Linagliptin ayifaneleki:

• Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
• Labo abane-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela
• Abantu abanomlando wokungezwani okukhulu ne-linagliptin

6. Zingaki izinsuku okufanele ngithathe i-linagliptin?

Iziguli ngokuvamile zidinga ukuthatha i-linagliptin isikhathi eside ukuze zilawule isifo sikashukela ngendlela efanele. Umuthi usiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ejwayelekile; iziguli eziningi kuzodingeka ziqhubeke nokuyithatha iminyaka eminingi noma impilo yonke.

7. Ungamisa nini i-linagliptin?

Iziguli akufanele ziyeke ukuthatha i-linagliptin ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wazo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ukulawula ushukela wegazi kuba yinselele kakhulu, odokotela bangase batuse ukushintshela ekwelashweni okuhlukahlukene.