I-Methimazole

I-Methimazole

I-Methimazole, isidakamizwa esisetshenziswa kakhulu, isithole ukunakwa ngekhono layo lokulawula i-hyperthyroidism. Lo muthi onamandla unomthelela endlaleni yegilo, wehlisa ijubane ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni futhi unikeze ukukhululeka kulabo abanezimpawu ezinjengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kwesisindo, Futhi ukukhathazeka.
Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizohlola ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-methimazole, indlela yokusebenzisa amaphilisi e-methimazole kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona. Sizophinde sihlole izindlela zokuphepha ezibalulekile, ukuthi i-methimazole isebenza kanjani emzimbeni, kanye nokusebenzisana kwayo neminye imithi. 

Iyini iMethimazole?

I-Methimazole umuthi onamandla we-antithyroid oyingxenye ye-imidazoles. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-hyperthyroidism ngokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwamahomoni egilo. Lesi sidakamizwa siphazamisa izenzo ze-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), i-enzyme ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone endlaleni yegilo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Methimazole

Inkomba eyinhloko ye-methimazole amazinga aphezulu e-thyroid, eyaziwa nangokuthi hyperthyroidism. Yehlisa inani lamahomoni egilo akhiqizwa ngumzimba. 
Odokotela banikeza i-methimazole ezigulini ezine-Graves' disease, i-multinodular goitre enobuthi, kanye nokunciphisa izimpawu ngaphambi kwe-thyroidectomy noma ukwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ithebhulethi yeMethimazole

• Iziguli zithatha i-methimazole ngomlomo ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, ngokuvamile kanye noma kathathu ngosuku njengoba ziqondiswa udokotela wazo. Umthamo we-methimazole uncike esimweni sempilo yesiguli, impendulo ekwelashweni, futhi, ezinganeni, isisindo sazo. 
• Kubalulekile ukuthatha i-methimazole ngokungaguquki ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye ukuze uzuze kakhulu.  
• Iziguli akufanele ziphuthelwe imithamo noma ziyeke ukuphuza imithi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wazo, njengoba lokhu kungase kusenze isimo sazo sibe sibi kakhulu.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Methimazole

I-Methimazole ingabangela imiphumela engemihle ehlukahlukene, kusukela komnene kuye konzima. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:

• Isisu sithukuthele
• Isicanucanu noma oluhlanzayo
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okuncane noma ukulunywa

Lezi zivame ukuncipha lapho umzimba ujwayela umuthi. 
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-methimazole ihlanganisa: 

• Okuhlangene noma Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuluma esikhumbeni 
• Ukuphefumula
• Izinkinga zesibindi zingase zibonakale njengobuhlungu besisu esingenhla kwesokudla, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, noma ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo. 
• I-Hypothyroidism ingenye imiphumela emibi engaba khona, enezimpawu ezihlanganisa ukuqunjelwa, isikhumba esomile, nokuzuza isisindo.
• Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-methimazole ingaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwegazi, okubangela izimpawu ezifana nokulimaza okulula, ukopha okungavamile, noma umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo. 
• Iziguli kufanele zibike noma yiziphi izimpawu eziphathelene nodokotela bazo abelaphayo ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma ziphikelela noma ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuqapha

Odokotela kufanele bahlole ukuqhubeka kweziguli njalo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi i-methimazole isebenza ngendlela efanele. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqashwe imiphumela engadingeki. 

• Ukuqapha Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe: Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele, njengoba i-methimazole ingalimaza izingane ezingakazalwa ku-trimester yokuqala. 
• Ukuqapha Kwabesifazane Abancelisa Ibele: Omama abancelisa ibele kufanele babazise odokotela bezifo zabesifazane Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-methimazole, njengoba ingase idlulele obisini lwebele.
• Izimo Ezithile Zesistimu: Iziguli ezine-myelosuppression noma i-agranulocytosis kufanele zazise udokotela wazo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lo muthi.
• Dalula Umlando Wakho Wezokwelapha: Iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo mayelana nokusebenzisa kwazo i-methimazole ngaphambi kwanoma iyiphi inqubo. Kufanele futhi babonane nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuba bashintshe umthamo wanoma yimuphi umuthi.

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi yeMethimazole?

I-Methimazole, umuthi we-antithyroid, welapha i-hyperthyroidism ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni egilo. Ngokuyinhloko ivimbela i-thyroperoxidase (TPO), i-enzyme ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwe-hormone yegilo. I-TPO ivamise ukugqugquzela i-iodination yezinsalela ze-tyrosine ku-thyroglobulin, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamahomoni e-T4 ne-T3. Isakhiwo se-thionamide ye-methimazole siyivumela ukuthi ibophezele ngokungenakuhlehliswa endaweni esebenzayo ye-TPO, iphazamise i-iodine kanye nokuhlangana kokusabela.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Methimazole Ngeminye Imithi?

I-Methimazole isebenzisana nemithi eminingi, ngakho iziguli kufanele ziqaphe lapho ziyihlanganisa neminye imithi. 
Okunye ukusebenzisana okunzima kufaka i-Eliglustat ne-Sodium iodide I-131. 
Ukusebenzisana okukhulu kuhlanganisa iCarbamazepine, iClozapine, nePropylthiouracil.
Imithi evamile engase ihlanganyele ne-methimazole ihlanganisa: 

• Apixaban 
• aspirin
• I-Atorvastatin
• Benzodiazepine
• Izivuseleli zesistimu yezinzwa ezimaphakathi, njengenhlanganisela ye-amphetamine ne-dextroamphetamine
• Ama-antidepressants athile
• I-Duloxetine
• I-Fluticasone
• I-Furosemide

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Odokotela banikeza imithamo ye-methimazole ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zesiguli ngasinye. Umthamo wokuqala ngokuvamile usukela ku-20 kuye ku-40 mg nsuku zonke, uhlukaniswe ngemithamo emithathu elinganayo ethathwa njalo emahoreni ayi-8. Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-4 kuya kwangu-8, odokotela banciphisa kancane kancane umthamo ezingeni lesondlo lika-5 kuya ku-20 mg. Ngesifo sika-Graves, umthamo onconywayo ngu-10 kuya ku-20 mg/ngosuku kanye ngosuku kuze kube yilapho amazinga e-hormone evuselela indlala yegilo esejwayelekile.

Isiphetho

I-Methimazole idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-hyperthyroidism, inikeze impumuzo kulabo abanenkinga yegilo esebenza ngokweqile. Lo muthi onamandla unethonya kundlala yegilo ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni kanye nokubhekana nezimpawu ezinjengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokukhathazeka. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo nolwazi lomthamo kuye emiphumeleni engemihle engase ibe khona kanye nezindlela zokuphepha, ukuqonda i-methimazole kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphephile nempumelelo.

Ama-FAQ:

1. Isetshenziselwani i-methimazole ngokuyinhloko?

I-Methimazole iphatha amazinga aphezulu e-thyroid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hyperthyroidism. Yehlisa inani lamahomoni egilo akhiqizwa ngumzimba. Odokotela bayinikeza iziguli ezine-Graves' disease, i-multinodular goiter enobuthi, kanye nokunciphisa izimpawu ngaphambi kwe-thyroidectomy noma ukwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe.

2. Ubani okufanele aphuze i-methimazole?

Iziguli ezine-hyperthyroidism, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingafaneleki ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe, zidinga ukuthatha i-methimazole. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abane-Graves' disease, i-multinodular goitre enobuthi, nalabo abalungiselela izinqubo ezihlobene ne-thyroid.

3. Ingabe kubi ukusebenzisa i-methimazole nsuku zonke?

I-Methimazole isebenza kangcono uma kunenani elingashintshi egazini. Iziguli kufanele zizithathe njengoba ziqondiswa udokotela wazo, ngokuvamile nsuku zonke. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuze kakhulu, futhi iziguli kufanele zikuthathe ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.

4. Ingabe i-methimazole iphephile?

I-Methimazole ngokuvamile iphephile uma isetshenziswa njengoba kushiwo. Kodwa-ke, kungabangela imiphumela engemihle esukela kokuncane kuye kokuqina. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa ukucasuka kwesisu, isicanucanu, nokuqubuka okuncane. Ukusabela okungathi sína, nakuba kungavamile, kungase kuhlanganise izinkinga zesibindi nokuphazamiseka kwegazi.

5. Ubani Ongakwazi ukusebenzisa i-methimazole?

I-Methimazole ivamise ukuphikiswa ezigulini ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu kwesibindi. Akunconywa ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa ngaphandle uma izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Ukuqapha kuyelulekwa ezigulini ezine-myelosuppression noma i-agranulocytosis.

6. Ingabe i-methimazole iphephile ezinso?

Amaphuzu ayinhloko ayiqiniso awanikezi ulwazi oluthile mayelana nokuphepha kwe-methimazole ezinso. Kodwa-ke, igaywa ngokuyinhloko esibindini futhi ikhishwe ngomchamo.

7. Ngingakwazi ukuphuza i-methimazole ebusuku?

Yebo, iziguli zingaphuza i-methimazole ebusuku. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukungaguquguquki ngesikhathi.

8. Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuphuza i-methimazole?

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthatha i-methimazole sihlala ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Ezinye iziguli ziyithatha ekuseni, kanti ezinye zithanda imithamo yakusihlwa. Okubalulekile wukugcina izinga elingaguquki egazini.

9. Yini okufanele uyigweme lapho uthatha i-methimazole?

Iziguli kufanele zigweme ukuqala, ukuyeka, noma ukushintsha umthamo wanoma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wazo. Imithi ethile, kuhlanganise nama-anticoagulants, ama-beta-blockers, ne-digoxin, ingase ihlangane ne-methimazole. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kufanele kuxoxwe nodokotela.