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I-Metoclopramide

Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ziyazibonela oluhlanzayo, isicanucanu, nezinye isisu izinkinga ezingaphazamisa kakhulu ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke. Ezigulini eziningi ezibhekene nalezi zimpawu ezingakhululekile, i-metoclopramide iye yavela njengomuthi obalulekile emsebenzini wezokwelapha. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uhlola konke iziguli okudingeka zazi mayelana ne-metoclopramide yethebhu, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, umthamo ofanele, imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo okufanele zicatshangelwe ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.

Iyini i-Metoclopramide?

I-Metoclopramide umuthi onamandla osesigabeni sezidakamizwa esaziwa ngokuthi ama-prokinetic agents. Lo muthi oguquguqukayo usebenzela izinjongo eziningi ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla kanye ne-diabetesic gastroparesis.

I-Metoclopramide isheshisa ukuhamba kokudla esiswini nasemathunjini. Ngokungafani neminye imithi yokugaya ukudla, ayikukhulisi ukukhishwa kwe-asidi yesisu, okwenza kube usizo ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezithile.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Metoclopramide

Lokhu okulandelayo yizinkomba ezijwayelekile ze-metoclopramide:

  • Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ukushaya kwenhliziyo engaphenduli emithini evamile (amaviki ama-4 kuya kwayi-12 okwelashwa)
  • Ukuphathwa kokungabi nalutho kwesisu (gastroparesis) ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela
  • Ukukhululwa ekucanuzeleni okungapheli nokuhlanza
  • Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ze-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD).

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Metoclopramide

Isikhathi esifanele se-metoclopramide sibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo. Iziguli ngokuvamile zidinga ukuphuza imithi imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kokudla nangaphambi kokulala. Odokotela bangase batuse ukuthatha umthamo owodwa ngaphambi kwalezo zimo esikhundleni sosuku lonke kulabo abathola isilungulela ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela.

Imihlahlandlela Yokuphatha Ebalulekile:

  • Ukugwinya amaphilisi wonke ngamanzi
  • Imithamo yesikhala ngokulinganayo ngaphezu kwamahora angama-24, ilinde okungenani amahora ayi-6 phakathi kwemithamo
  • Sebenzisa umshini wokulinganisa onikeziwe ukuze wenze uketshezi; ungalokothi usebenzise isipuni sasekhishini
  • Gcina imithi egcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa esitsheni esivalwe ngci
  • Iziguli ezisebenzisa amaphilisi e-oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) kufanele ziphathe ithebhulethi ngezandla ezomile futhi zilibeke olimini ukuze zincibilike ngokwemvelo. 
  • Ithebhulethi akufanele ihlafuneke noma igwinywe iphelele.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Metoclopramide

Nakuba amaphilisi e-metoclopramide esiza iziguli eziningi ukuphatha izinkinga zazo zokugaya ukudla, iziguli kufanele ziqaphele imiphumela engemihle engase yenzeke phakathi nokwelashwa. 

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile:

  • Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ukozela
  • Ukungahlaliseki noma ubunzima ukuhlala unganyakazi
  • Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliphansi
  • Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa
  • Ushintsho ezikhathini zokuya esikhathini
  • Ukuthamba kwebele noma ukuvuvukala

Iziguli kufanele ziyothola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma zithola:

  • Ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungalawuleki, ikakhulukazi ebusweni noma olimini
  • Isiyezi esinzima noma ukuquleka
  • Izinguquko zengqondo njengokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka
  • Ukuqhaqhazela noma ukuthuthumela
  • Kunzima ukugcina ibhalansi
  • Ukuqina kwemisipha okungajwayelekile

Ukuqapha

I-Allergies: Tshela udokotela wakho uma ungezwani nalo muthi noma eminye imithi nemikhiqizo yokudla ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-metoclopramide.

Izimo Zezokwelapha: Izimo eziningana zesistimu zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-metoclopramide:

  • Izimo zenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo
  • Isifo sikashukela nokulawula ushukela egazini
  • Izimo zempilo yengqondo, ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka
  • Isifo sikaParkinson
  • Umlando wokuquleka
  • Umdlavuza wesibeletho

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Metoclopramide

I-Metoclopramide isebenza njengomphikisi we-dopamine D2 emnyombweni wayo, ivimba ubuchopho obuthile nama-receptors okugaya ukudla. Isenzo somuthi senzeka ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko:

Engqondweni:

  • Blocks i-dopamine & nama-serotonin receptors endaweni ye-chemoreceptor trigger
  • Yehlisa ukuzwela kumasignali acuphayo isicanucanu futhi oluhlanzayo
  • Isebenza endaweni ye-postrema ukuvimbela nokukhulula izimpawu

Kuhlelo Lokugaya ukudla:

  • Kwandisa ukukhululwa kwe-acetylcholine
  • Ithuthukisa ukufinyela kwemisipha esiswini nasemathunjini
  • Ithuthukisa ukunyakaza kokudla ngomgudu wokugaya ukudla

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Metoclopramide Ngeminye Imithi?

Iziguli ezithatha amaphilisi e-metoclopramide kufanele zikhumbule ukusebenzisana okungenzeka neminye imithi.  

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okubalulekile:

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Kubantu abadala abane-diabetesic gastroparesis, umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-10 mg, othathwa izikhathi ezine ngosuku, imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla nangaphambi kokulala. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqhubeka amaviki ama-2 kuye kwayi-8, ngomthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke wama-40 mg.

Izinkombandlela Zomthamo Ojwayelekile:

  • Ku-GERD: 10 kuya ku-15 mg izikhathi ezine ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla kanye nesikhathi sokulala
  • Ngesicanucanu esihlobene nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: 1 kuya ku-2 mg/kg unikezwa ngomjovo
  • Kubantu abadala abanesisindo esingaphansi kwama-60 kg: 5 mg kathathu ngosuku
  • Kubantu abadala abanesisindo esingaphezu kwama-60 kg: I-Metoclopramide 10 mg kathathu ngosuku

Isiphetho

Amaphilisi e-metoclopramide asebenza njengemithi ebalulekile ezigulini ezinenkinga yezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokugaya ukudla. Umuthi usiza ekulawuleni izimo ezisukela ekucanuzeleni okungapheli kuya kwabanesifo sikashukela gastroparesis ngesenzo sawo esimbaxambili kukho kokubili ubuchopho nohlelo lokugaya ukudla.

Iziguli ezilandela iziqondiso ezifanele zomthamo futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ngokuvamile zithola ukukhululeka okukhulu ezimpawini zazo. Umuthi usebenza kahle kakhulu uma uphuzwa imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla nesikhathi sokulala, nakuba isikhathi esiqondile singahluka kuye ngezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Ukuphepha kuhlala kubalulekile uma usebenzisa i-metoclopramide. Iziguli kufanele zibheke imiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi phakathi namasonto ambalwa okwelashwa, futhi zigcine ukuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela bazo. Isikhathi sokwelashwa esijwayelekile samaviki ama-4 kuya kwayi-12 sifakazela ukuthi sanele ezigulini eziningi ukuba zithole ukuthuthuka ezimeni zazo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-metoclopramide iwumuthi onobungozi obukhulu?

I-Metoclopramide ithwala ubungozi obuthile obudinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela. I-FDA ikhiphe isexwayiso mayelana nengozi ye-tardive dyskinesia, ukuphazamiseka okungathi sína kokunyakaza okungaba unomphela. Le ngozi iyanda ngobude besikhathi sokwelashwa kanye nemithamo eqoqwayo ephezulu.

2. I-metoclopramide ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza?

Umuthi uqala ukusebenza kungakapheli isigamu sehora uwuphuze. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela batusa ukuthatha isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla. Imiphumela esicanucanu nezimpawu zokugaya ngokuvamile ibonakala phakathi kwemithamo embalwa yokuqala.

3. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, thatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma cishe sekuyisikhathi sedosi ehleliwe elandelayo, kufanele weqe umthamo we-metoclopramide ogejiwe futhi uqhubeke nesimiso sakho esivamile. Iziguli akufanele neze zithathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

4. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

Izimpawu ze-overdose zingabandakanya:

  • Ukozela nokudideka
  • Ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungalawuleki
  • Ukukhathazeka
  • Ukusabela kwe-Extrapyramidal

5. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-metoclopramide?

Amaqembu amaningana kufanele agweme i-metoclopramide:

  • Abantu abanomlando we-tardive dyskinesia
  • Iziguli ezinesisu noma ukuvaleka kwamathumbu
  • Labo abane-pheochromocytoma
  • Abantu abanezinkinga zokuquleka

6. Zingaki izinsuku okufanele ngithathe i-metoclopramide?

Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa ngokuvamile bukhawulelwe ezinsukwini ezi-5 ezimweni eziningi. Ezimweni ezithile ezifana ne-GERD noma i-diabetesic gastroparesis, ukwelashwa kungase kunwebe amasonto angu-12 kodwa akufanele kudlule lesi sikhathi ngaphandle uma kuqondiswa udokotela ngokuqondile.

7. Ungamisa nini i-metoclopramide?

Iziguli kufanele ziyeke ukuthatha i-metoclopramide futhi zifune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ziba:

  • Ukunyakaza komzimba okungalawuleki
  • Isiyezi esinzima noma ukudideka
  • Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba
  • Ukuqina kwemisipha okungajwayelekile

8. Ingabe i-metoclopramide iphephile ezinso?

I-Metoclopramide ngokuvamile iphephile ezinso, kodwa iziguli ezinezinkinga zezinso zidinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile komthamo. Izinso ngokuyinhloko ziqeda umuthi. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sokunciphisa ukusebenza kwezinso, ukuqoqwa kwezidakamizwa kungase kwenzeke, okwandisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi. Labo abanokukhubazeka okumaphakathi kuya kokunzima kwezinso ngokuvamile bathola imithamo encishisiwe.

9. Uyini umehluko phakathi umabhebhana kanye ne-metoclopramide?

I-Ondansetron ngokuvamile ibonisa isikhathi esifushane sokubuka kanye nemiphumela engemihle embalwa kune-metoclopramide. Nakuba i-metoclopramide isebenza ngokushukumisa ukunyakaza kwemisipha yesisu, i-ondansetron ihlose ngokuyinhloko isicanucanu nokuhlanza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.