I-Metoprolol

I-Metoprolol

I-Metoprolol isidakamizwa esinamandla esinqunyelwe phatha umfutho wegazi ophezulu ezigulini. Lo muthi wakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili ezisebenzayo, i-Metoprolol Tartrate ne-Metoprolol Succinate, zombili ezaziwa ngokusebenza kahle kwazo ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi. Ngokuphumuza imithambo yegazi futhi yehlise ijubane lokushaya kwenhliziyo, i-Metoprolol ithuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi yehlise amazinga omfutho wegazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Metoprolol kunganikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile kulabo abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme, okwenza kube umuthi obalulekile wokulawula lesi simo.

Isebenza kanjani iMetoprolol?

I-Metoprolol isebenza ngokuvimbela isenzo samahomoni athile, njenge-adrenaline, ethinta inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, kunciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo namandla inhliziyo ephampa ngawo igazi. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi kanye nokucindezeleka okuncane enhliziyweni.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zeMetoprolol?

I-Metoprolol umuthi osetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekwelapheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), ubuhlungu besifuba (angina), kanye nokuphazamiseka okuthile kwesigqi senhliziyo. Kungokwesigaba semithi eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-beta-blockers, asebenza ngokuvimbela ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali athile emvelo emzimbeni (njenge-adrenaline) athinta inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Nazi izici ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwe-metoprolol:

• I-Hypertension (Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme): I-Metoprolol ijwayele ukunikezwa ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ukusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, unhlangothi, nezinkinga zezinso ezihlobene nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• I-Angina Pectoris (Ubuhlungu Besifuba): I-Metoprolol ingasetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-angina ezinzile, uhlobo lobuhlungu besifuba obubangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi okuncishisiwe kuya emisipha yenhliziyo ngenxa ye-coronary artery disease. Kuyasiza ukwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo.
• I-Heart Rhythm Disorders: I-Metoprolol isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga ezithile zesigqi senhliziyo njenge-atrial fibrillation noma i-supraventricular tachycardia. Kuyasiza ukulawula isigqi senhliziyo futhi kungavimbela isigqi senhliziyo esingavamile.
• Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo: Kwezinye izimo, i-metoprolol ingase ibekwe njengengxenye yokwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ukuthuthukisa izimpawu nokunciphisa ingozi yokulaliswa esibhedlela.
• Ukuvimbela I-Migraine: I-Metoprolol itholakale iphumelela ekuvimbeleni i-migraines kwabanye abantu. Kunganciphisa imvamisa nokuqina kokuhlaselwa kwe-migraine.
• Ukukhathazeka Nokukhathazeka Ngokusebenza: Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-metoprolol ingase isetshenziswe ngaphandle kwelebula ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu zokukhathazeka noma ukukhathazeka kokusebenza (isb, ngaphambi kokukhuluma esidlangalaleni) ngenxa yekhono layo lokuvimba izimpawu ezingokomzimba zokukhathazeka njengokukhuphuka kwenhliziyo.

Ungayithatha kanjani futhi nini iMetoprolol?

I-Metoprolol itholakala ngezindlela ezimbili: ithebhulethi evamile kanye nethebhulethi yokukhululwa okunwetshiwe, esebenza isikhathi eside. Umthamo wethebhulethi uncike enanini lemithamo enqunywe udokotela. Ungayithatha ngaphambi noma ngemva kokudla ngakunye, kodwa ithebhulethi enwetshiwe kufanele ithathwe kanye kuphela ngosuku. Njengoba iMetoprolol ishintsha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, akufanele ithathwe ngamanani amakhulu noma amancane kunalokho okunqunywe udokotela. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungashintshi umthamo we-Metoprolol uwedwa, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uthintane nodokotela wakho uma udinga ushintsho kumthamo oshiwo kusenesikhathi.

Iyini imiphumela emibi ye-Metoprolol?

Lesi sidakamizwa singadala imiphumela emibi ye-metoprolol, njengoba ibalwe ngezansi:

• isiyezi
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuvota
• Ukukhathala
• Igesi esiswini
• Rash
• Iphutha le-Runny
• Ukucindezeleka
• ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuphelelwa amandla

Eminye yale miphumela engemihle ingase ibe mibi kakhulu, futhi kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho uma uzwa enye yazo isikhathi eside noma uma iba nzima kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele zithathwe?

Ngenkathi uthatha umthamo walo muthi, qaphela lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

• Ngesikhathi ubonana nodokotela wakho, kufanele ubazise uma ungezwani ne-Metoprolol, acebutolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, timolol, betaxolol, esmolol, labetalol, sotalol, nadolol, carvedilol, pindolol, propranolol, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izithako zamaphilisi e-Metoprolol.
• Tshela udokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi ukuthi yimiphi imithi (incwadi kadokotela kanye nokungeyona incwadi kadokotela) oyiphuze ngaphambili. Qinisekisa ukuthi usho uma uthatha noma uhlela ukuthatha okulandelayo: amavithamini, izithako zokudla okunomsoco, imikhiqizo ye-herbal, i-fluoxetine, i-paroxetine, njll.
• Yazisa udokotela uma uke waba nezifo zamaphaphu, isifuba somoya, izifo zenhliziyo noma zesibindi, isifo sikashukela, izindlala zegilo ezisebenza ngokweqile, noma ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. 
• Yazisa udokotela wakho uma uhlushwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane noma i-pheochromocytoma (isimila sendlala eduze nezinso). Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga, udokotela angase akutshele ukuthi uyithathe noma cha i-Metoprolol.

Kuthiwani uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-Metoprolol?

Uma weqa umthamo we-Metoprolol, ungathatha umthamo ogejiwe ngesikhathi nangesikhathi uwukhumbula, kodwa ungaweqa uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo olandelayo. Kunconywa ukuthi ubuze udokotela wakho kusengaphambili mayelana nesimo esinjalo. 

Kuthiwani uma uthatha i-overdose ye-Metoprolol?

Ukuthatha i-overdose ye-Metoprolol kungaholela ekuphefumuleni kanzima, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane, njll. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kuholele ekucindezelekeni kwe-Myocardial kanye ne-Cardiovascular collapse. 

Yiziphi izimo zokugcina i-Metoprolol?

• Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sigcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa. Igcine phakathi kuka-15 -30C (59 - 86F).

• Gcina imithi emaphaketheni okuqala, lapho izingane zingafinyeleli khona, nasendaweni eyomile.

Isexwayiso ngeminye imithi

Imithi elandelayo ingase iphazamise i-Metoprolol.

• I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
• antidepressant
• I-diphenhydramine
• Digoxin
• I-Clonidine

I-Metoprolol ikhombisa ngokushesha kangakanani imiphumela?

I-Metoprolol ivamise ukuqala ukusebenza kungakapheli amahora amabili bese ifinyelela umphumela wayo ogcwele ngemuva kwesonto. Kuvamile ukuthi ungazizwa izinguquko ezisheshayo emzimbeni, kodwa lokhu akubonisi ukuthi umuthi awusebenzi.

Umthamo we-Metoprolol

• Abantu abadala:
  • Ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophezulu): Umthamo wokuqala ojwayelekile ngu-25 kuya ku-100 mg kanye ngosuku, umthamo omkhulu onconywayo ngokuvamile ungeqi ku-400 mg ngosuku.
  • Nge-angina (ubuhlungu besifuba) kanye nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo: Umthamo wokuqala ungahluka kodwa ngokuvamile uphansi kune-hypertension, uqala ku-25 kuya ku-100 mg kanye ngosuku.
• Abadala:
  • Imithamo ephansi yokuqala inganconywa ezigulini esezikhulile, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezinye izimo zezokwelapha noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso.
• Udokotela wezingane:
  • I-Metoprolol ngokuvamile ayinconyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezingane ngaphandle uma iqondiswa umhlinzeki wezempilo onolwazi ekwelapheni iziguli zezingane.
• Isikhathi Sokusetshenziswa:
  • I-Metoprolol ivamise ukuthathwa isikhathi eside ukuze kulawuleke izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuthatha imithi njengoba uyalelwe, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile.
• Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile:
  • I-Metoprolol ingase ihlangane neminye imithi noma izimo zezokwelapha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo nanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha onazo.
  • Kubalulekile ukuthi ungayeki kungazelelwe ukuphuza i-Metoprolol ngaphandle kokubonana nodokotela wakho, njengoba ukuyeka umuthi kungazelelwe kungaholela ekukhuphukeni komfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ukubhebhetheka kwezimo zenhliziyo.

Ukuqhathaniswa komuthi weMetoprolol neCarvedilol 

Kokubili iMetoprolol neCarvedilol zisebenza cishe ngokufanayo futhi ngokumelene nezifo ezifanayo. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi i-Metoprolol ngokuvamile iyisinqumo esingcono uma unesigqi senhliziyo esingavamile noma isifuba somoya. I-Carvedilol yenza ukukhetha okuhle uma unemisipha yenhliziyo ebuthaka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iyini iMetoprolol, futhi iyini injongo yayo eyinhloko?

I-Metoprolol umuthi ohlukaniswa njenge-beta-blocker. Ngokuyinhloko kunqunyelwe ukwelapha izimo ezihlobene nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, okuhlanganisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme (high blood pressure), i-angina (ubuhlungu besifuba), ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, nokuphazamiseka okuthile kwesigqi senhliziyo.

2. Ingabe akhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zeMetoprolol?

Yebo, i-Metoprolol iza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi akhishwa ngokushesha kanye namaphilisi akhishwa isikhathi eside. Ukukhethwa kokubunjwa kuncike esimweni sakho kanye nesikhathi oyifunayo.

3. Ingabe kunemiphumela emibi evamile ehambisana ne-Metoprolol?

Imiphumela engemihle evamile ingase ihlanganise ukukhathala, isiyezi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane, nokubanda. Le miphumela engemihle ingahluka ngokuqina futhi ibe nomthelela kubantu ngokuhlukile.

4. Ingabe i-Metoprolol ingasebenzisana neminye imithi noma izinto?

Yebo, i-Metoprolol ingase ihlangane neminye imithi, kuhlanganise nezinye izidakamizwa ezinciphisa umfutho wegazi kanye nama-antidepressants athile. Kubalulekile ukwazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, kanye nezinto ozithathayo ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisana okungenzeka.

5. Ingabe i-Metoprolol ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izimo ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo?

Nakuba i-Metoprolol inqunyelwe izimo ezihlobene nenhliziyo, ingase futhi inqunywe ukuphatha ezinye izimo, ezifana nokuvimbela i-migraine nokukhathazeka.

6. Ingabe i-Metoprolol Succinate ne-Metoprolol Tartrate ziyefana?

Cha, i-Metoprolol Succinate ne-Metoprolol Tartrate azifani. Kuyizinhlobo ezahlukene ze-metoprolol, umuthi we-beta-blocker osetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zenhliziyo ezahlukahlukene. 

• I-Metoprolol Succinate iwukwakhiwa kokukhululwa okunwetshiwe, okusho ukuthi ikhishwa kancane futhi inikeza izinga eliqinile lomuthi emzimbeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuvamile ithathwa kanye ngosuku.
• I-Metoprolol Tartrate iwukwakhiwa okukhishwa ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi imuncwa ngokushesha futhi inesikhathi esifushane sokusebenza. Kuvame ukuthathwa izikhathi eziningi ngosuku.

7. Ingabe i-Metoprolol Succinate ingabanga ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile?

I-Erectile Dysfunction (ED) umphumela ongase ube khona we-beta-blockers njenge-Metoprolol Succinate. Yize kungebona bonke abantu ababa nalo mphumela, abanye abantu bangabona izinguquko ekusebenzeni kocansi ngenkathi bethatha i-metoprolol. Uma unokukhathazeka nge-ED noma eminye imiphumela emibi yocansi, xoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho.

8. Ingabe i-Metoprolol Succinate ingaphuzwa kabili ngosuku?

I-Metoprolol Succinate ivamise ukwakhiwa ukuthi iphuzwe kanye ngosuku ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokukhululwa okunwetshiwe, ezinikeza izinga eliqinile lomuthi emzimbeni amahora angama-24. Ukuyithatha kabili ngosuku ngokuvamile akuvamile ukutuswa ngaphandle uma unikezwa umhlinzeki wezempilo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yomthamo we-Metoprolol Succinate ukuze uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenza ngempumelelo.

References:

https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/Metoprolol/#:~:text=Metoprolol%3A%20medicine%20for%20high%20blood%20pressure%20(hypertension)%20%2D%20NHS https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25908023/#:~:text=Metoprolol%20is%20a%20moderately%20lipophilic,the%20potential%20for%20cardiovascular%20collapse
https://www.goodrx.com/Metoprolol/interactions

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha alwenzelwe ukufaka iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ulwazi aluhloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka, imiphumela engemihle, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Lolu lwazi aluhloselwe ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi othile kufanelekile, kuphephile, noma kuyasebenza wena noma omunye umuntu. Ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi noma isexwayiso mayelana nomuthi akufanele kuhunyushwe njengesiqinisekiso esicacile esivela enhlanganweni. Sikweluleka ngokuqinile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma kukhona okukukhathazayo ngomuthi futhi ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.