I-Nitrazepam

I-Nitrazepam

I-Nitrazepam ingeyeqembu lezidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-benzodiazepines, ezisiza abantu abanenkinga yokulala nokukhathazeka okukhulu. Odokotela batusa lo muthi ukuthi usetshenziswe isikhathi esifushane, ngokuvamile kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini amane. Ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa okufanele, imiphumela engemihle engaba khona kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha kusiza iziguli zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa kwazo. Lesi sihloko esibanzi sichaza konke iziguli okudingeka zazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-nitrazepam, imihlahlandlela yomthamo, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo.

Yini iNitrazepam?

I-Nitrazepam umuthi onamandla okuyingxenye yezidakamizwa ze-benzodiazepine. Ihlukaniswa njengento elawulwayo yeSheduli IV futhi isebenza njengemithi elwa nokuquleka kanye ne-hypnotic. Isidakamizwa siye saqashelwa emisebenzini yezokwelapha ngokusebenza kwayo ekwelapheni izimo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka kokulala nokukhathazeka.

Umuthi unezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile eziwenza uphumelele ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha:

• Imiphumela enamandla yokulalisa ukulala okuthuthukisiwe
• Izici ze-anxiolytic ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka
• Amandla e-anticonvulsant okulawula ukubanjwa
• Izici zokuphumula kwemisipha
• Imiphumela ye-amnestic kwinkumbulo yesikhashana

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Nitrazepam

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamaphilisi e-nitrazepam kufaka:

• Ukwelashwa kokuqwasha okungapheli (ukuqwasha)
• Ukuphathwa kokuvuka njalo ebusuku
• Usizo ngezinkinga zokuvuka ekuseni
• Ukwelashwa kwe-epileptic spasms ezinganeni
• Ukukhululwa ku-restless legs syndrome
• Ukusekela ukuphazamiseka kokulala okuhlobene nokukhathazeka

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Nitrazepam Tablet

Imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile yokuphatha amaphilisi e-nitrazepam ihlanganisa:

• Thatha umthamo onqunyiwe ngaphambi nje kokulala
• Gcina isimiso esingaguquguquki ngokuthatha imithi ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye
• Landela umthamo oqondile onqunywe udokotela futhi ungalokothi ukhulise umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela
• Thatha ithebhulethi ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa
• Gada inani le-caffeine usuku lonke
• Iziguli kufanele zithathe umthamo ngokushesha nje lapho zikhumbula uma umthamo weqiwe. Kodwa-ke, uma sekusondele isikhathi somthamo olandelayo ohleliwe, kufanele beqe ogejiwe futhi baqhubeke neshejuli yabo evamile. Ungalokothi uphindwe kabili umthamo wakho ukuze ubuyisele ogejiwe.

Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa ngokuvamile busukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuye emavikini amabili, nenani eliphakeme lamaviki amane, okuhlanganisa nenqubo yokucisha. Iziguli esezikhulile kanye nalabo abanezimo ezingapheli bangathola imithamo elungisiwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabo ezithile.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Nitrazepam

Njengemithi eminingi kadokotela, amaphilisi e-nitrazepam angabangela imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene iziguli okufanele ziyiqaphele. Imiphumela engemihle evamile iziguli ezingase zibe nayo ihlanganisa:

• Ukozela kanye nesiyezi emini
• Ukwehliswa kwezinkinga zokusebenzisana nokulinganisela
• Inkumbulo ekhubazekile nokugxilisa ingqondo
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nekhanda elilula
• Inkulumo emisiwe
• Umbono kabili
• Ukukhathala nokuquleka kwasekuseni

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingabandakanya: 

• Ukushintsha kwengqondo/imizwelo
• Ukudideka
• ukusangana
• I-sedation enzima
• Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nokusabela okuyindida, zijabule noma zicasuke esikhundleni sokuzola.
• Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nokuziphatha okungavamile ngesikhathi sokulala, njengokulala noma ukwenza imisebenzi kuyilapho zingakavuki ngokugcwele. 

Ukuqapha

Odokotela bahlola ngokucophelela iziguli ngaphambi kokunikeza lo muthi ngenxa yezici zawo ezinamandla kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona.

• Contraindications ezibalulekile:
  • Izimo ezinzima zokuphefumula noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
  • Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaphaphu
  • I-apnea syndrome yokulala
  • Izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi
  • I-Myasthenia gravis
  • I-hypersensitivity eyaziwayo kuma-benzodiazepines
  • I-porphyria eyingozi
• Utshwala: Iziguli kufanele zigweme utshwala ngenkathi zithatha amaphilisi e-nitrazepam, njengoba kungandisa ngokuyingozi imiphumela yokudambisa. 
• Iziphuzo ezine-caffeine: Ukunciphisa ukudla okune-caffeine kusiza ekugcineni ukusebenza komuthi. 
• Abantu Abadala: Azwela kakhulu emiphumeleni yako futhi asengozini ephezulu yemiphumela engemihle njengokudideka, ukuwa, nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Ulwazi Olubalulekile Lokuphepha: Labo abasebenzisa imishini noma izimoto ezishayelayo kufanele baqaphe ngokwedlulele, njengoba umuthi ungaphazamisa kakhulu izikhathi zokusabela nokusebenzisana.

Odokotela batusa ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha ezifana nalezi:

• Ukususa izingozi ezingaba khona endaweni yokulala
• Ukufaka ukukhanya okulungile kokuhamba ebusuku
• Ukugcina ulwazi lokuxhumana oluphuthumayo lutholakala kalula
• Ukugcina imithi endaweni evikelekile kude nezingane

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Nitrazepam

Lapho isiguli sithatha i-nitrazepam, umuthi ubophezela kuma-benzodiazepine receptors athile ebuchosheni. Lawa ma-receptors ahlotshaniswa eduze nama-GABA receptors, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kuholela ekwandeni komsebenzi wokubopha i-GABA. Lo msebenzi we-GABA othuthukisiwe ukhiqiza imiphumela eminingana yokwelapha ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi:

• Ikhuthaza ukulala okujulile nokuphumula
• Yehlisa ukusebenza kwezinzwa ebuchosheni
• Ikhulula ukungezwani kwemisipha
• Yehlisa amazinga okukhathazeka
• Ilawula umsebenzi wokubamba
• Yehlisa ukusebenza kobuchopho

Izakhiwo ze-anticonvulsant zomuthi zisukela ekusebenzelaneni kwawo namashaneli e-sodium ancike ku-voltage. Lesi senzo sisiza ukukhawulela ukudubula okuqhubekayo kwama-neurons ngokunciphisa ukululama kwawo ekungasebenzeni. Imvelo yeNitrazepam ethatha isikhathi eside, enesigamu sempilo yamahora angu-15-38, ivumela imiphumela eqhubekayo yokwelapha.

Ukusebenzisana komuthi nama-GABA receptors kukhiqiza uchungechunge lwemiphumela esiza ukubuyisela amaphethini okulala ajwayelekile. Ngokuthuthukisa ithonya lemvelo le-GABA lokutholisa, i-nitrazepam isiza ukwehlisa ukusebenza kobuchopho ngokweqile, okwenza kube lula ngeziguli ukuthi zilale futhi zigcine ukulala okuzolile ubusuku bonke.

Ngingathatha I-Nitrazepam Ngeminye Imithi?

Imithi eminingana ingasebenzisana kakhulu ne-nitrazepam. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ama-antibiotics (i-erythromycin)
• Imithi ye-antifungal (i-fluconazole)
• Ama-Antihistamines (i-chlorphenamine, i-diphenhydramine)
• Imithi yokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka (i-nefazodone, i-fluvoxamine, i-fluoxetine)
• Ukwelashwa kwesithuthwane (phenytoin, phenobarbital)
• Imithi yenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi (diltiazem, digoxin)
• Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV (ritonavir, zidovudine)
• Imithi yobuhlungu (i-morphine, i-codeine, i-dihydrocodeine)
• Ukucatshangelwa kokudla neziphuzo: Iziguli kufanele zigweme ujusi wamagilebhisi kanye ne-grapefruit ngenkathi zithatha i-nitrazepam, njengoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo emzimbeni. Ukwengeza, ukudla okune-caffeine neziphuzo kungase kuphazamise ukusebenza komuthi.

Ingozi yokozela okukhulu nobunzima bokuphefumula iyanda lapho i-nitrazepam ihlanganiswa neminye imithi ebangela ukozela noma ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula. Iziguli kufanele ziqaphe ngokukhethekile ngezidambisi mzimba, izidambisi zinhlungu ze-opioid, nemithi yokulala.

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Lo muthi udinga umthamo onembile ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza ngenkathi unciphisa imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Imihlahlandlela Yemithamo Ejwayelekile:

• Abantu abadala: I-5 mg kanye ngosuku ngaphambi kokulala, ingakhuphuka ibe ngu-10 mg uma kunesidingo
• Iziguli Abadala: 2.5 mg kanye ngosuku, esiphezulu 5 mg uma kudingeka
• Iziguli ezikhubazekile: 2.5 mg kuya ku-5 mg umthamo wansuku zonke
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12: Akunconyelwe

Isiphetho

Amaphilisi e-Nitrazepam asebenza njengemithi ebalulekile kubantu abanenkinga enkulu yokulala nokukhathazeka. Odokotela banikeza le benzodiazepine enamandla ngokucophelela, becabangela izidingo eziyingqayizivele zesiguli ngasinye nomlando wezokwelapha. Ukuphepha kuhlala kubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-nitrazepam, njengoba imithi ingabangela imiphumela emibi futhi idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi ezigulini esezikhulile noma lezo ezinezimo zempilo ezikhona.

Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-nitrazepam kudinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile emithini enqunyiwe kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa. Iziguli kufanele zisebenzisane eduze nodokotela bazo kulo lonke uhambo lwazo lokwelashwa, zibike ngokushesha noma yimiphi imiphumela engavamile noma ukukhathazeka. Ukusebenza komuthi kuncike ekulandeleni isiqondiso sezokwelapha, ukugcina amashejuli avamile okulala, kanye nokuqonda kokubili izinzuzo nezingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwawo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yikuphi okunamandla, i-diazepam noma i-nitrazepam?

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-nitrazepam ikhombisa imiphumela enamandla yokulalisa uma iqhathaniswa ne-diazepam lapho kuthathwa imithamo elinganayo. I-Nitrazepam iwumuthi onamandla kakhulu obangela ukulala odinga imithamo ephansi ukuze uzuze imiphumela efanayo yokwelapha.

2. Ingabe i-nitrazepam iphephile ukuthi ingathathwa?

I-Nitrazepam iphephile uma ithathwa njengoba kuyalelwe odokotela. Umuthi udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela futhi kufanele usetshenziselwe ukwelashwa kwesikhashana kuphela, okuvamise ukusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuye emavikini amane. Ukugadwa njalo kwezokwelapha kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo okuphelele.

3. Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-nitrazepam?

Imiphumela ye-Nitrazepam ngokuvamile ihlala amahora angu-6-8. Kodwa-ke, uhhafu wempilo yayo cishe amahora angama-24, okusho ukuthi ingahlala emzimbeni izinsuku ezimbalwa, okungase kubangele ukozela okuyinsalela noma ukungasebenzi kahle kokuxhumana.

4. Ingabe i-nitrazepam iphephile kubantu asebekhulile?

I-Nitrazepam ngokuvamile ayinconywa ezigulini esezikhulile. Azwela kakhulu emiphumeleni yako futhi asengozini ephezulu yemiphumela engemihle njengokudideka, ukuwa, nokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ezinye izindlela ezimfishane zivame ukukhethwa kubantu abadala.

5. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthatha i-nitrazepam esiswini esingenalutho?

Ungathatha i-nitrazepam ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Kodwa-ke, ukuyithatha esiswini esingenalutho kungase kubangele ukumuncwa okusheshayo kanye nokuqala kwemiphumela ngokushesha. Hlala ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuphatha.

6. Ingabe iNitrazepam neLonazep zingasetshenziswa ndawonye?

Ukuhlanganisa i-Nitrazepam neLonazep (clonazepam) akunconywa ngaphandle kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha. Zombili ziyi-benzodiazepines futhi zingaba nemiphumela yokudambisa eyengeziwe, okwandisa ingozi yokozela okukhulu, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, neminye imiphumela emibi.

7. Ingabe i-nitrazepam iphephile ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

I-Nitrazepam ayibhekwa njengephephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kungase kwandise amathuba okuba nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswe ku-trimester yokuqala. Kungase futhi kubangele izimpawu zokuhoxa ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, thintana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.