I-Ondansetron

I-Ondansetron

I-Ondansetron, i-ejenti eyenza imithi eyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo ekulawuleni isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ithola ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko ezimeni ezibangelwa ukwelapha ngemisebe, imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa. Njengomphikisi we-5-HT3 receptor, i-Ondansetron yenza imiphumela yayo yokwelapha ngokuvimbela izenzo ze-serotonin, i-neurotransmitter ehileleke ngokuyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaliseni isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Lo muthi utholakala ngezindlela ezehlukene ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zesiguli ezahlukene. I-Ondansetron ivamise ukutholakala ngendlela yethebhulethi kanye namaphilisi ahlukanisayo ngomlomo, enikeza izinketho ezilula ezigulini. Amafomu omlomo ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe, okusebenza njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokunciphisa ukuqala kwesicanucanu nokuhlanza okuhambisana nalokhu kwelashwa.

Ezimweni lapho ukulawulwa komlomo kungenzeki khona noma kungafaneleki, i-Ondansetron iyatholakala futhi ngamafomu omjovo. Imijovo ivame ukugcinelwa iziguli ezingase zibhekane nezinselele ekuphuzeni imithi ephuzwayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma labo abathola ukwelashwa okuthile basengazuza emiphumeleni ye-antiemetic ye-Ondansetron.

Ukuguquguquka kwe-Ondansetron ekwenziweni okuningi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwayo ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yempilo yabantu abathola ukwelashwa okuvamise ukubangela isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Abahlinzeki bezempilo banquma ngokucophelela futhi bahlele ukuphathwa kwe-Ondansetron ngokusekelwe ezidingweni eziyingqayizivele nezimo zesiguli ngasinye, okuhloswe ngazo ukuhlinzeka ngokukhululeka okuphumelelayo nokuthuthukisa okuhlangenwe nakho kokwelashwa okuphelele. Iziguli zelulekwa ukuthi zihambisane nemithamo yazo enqunyiwe kanye nemiyalelo yokuphatha kuyilapho zazisa ithimba lazo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okungaba khona noma imiphumela engemihle.

Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ondansetron?

Nazi ezinye izindlela ezivamile zokusetshenziswa kwe-Ondansetron:

• Isicanucanu kanye Nokuhlanza Okubangelwa I-Chemotherapy, Ukuhlinzwa, Nokwelashwa Ngemisebe: I-Ondansetron ivame ukunqunywa ukuphatha isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali omdlavuza. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukudambisa isicanucanu sangemva kokuhlinzwa nokuhlanza ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi ingaba usizo ekunciphiseni isicanucanu esihambisana nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza ku-Gastroenteritis: I-Gastroenteritis, ukuvuvukala kwesisu kanye namathumbu ngokuvamile okubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane, kungaholela ekucanuzeleni okukhulu nokuhlanza. I-Ondansetron ingase inikezwe ukusiza ukulawula lezi zimpawu nokuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa Eminye Imithi: Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziselwa ukulawula ubuhlungu noma izimo ezithile zezokwelapha, ingabangela isicanucanu nokuhlanza njengemiphumela engemihle. I-Ondansetron isetshenziswa ezimweni ezinjalo ukuze kwehliswe le miphumela emibi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukubekezelelana okuphelele kwemithi enqunyiwe.
• Ukusetshenziswa okungeyona ilebula Ezimeni Zengqondo: I-Ondansetron ngezikhathi ezithile isetshenziswa ngaphandle kwelebula emkhakheni wezifo zengqondo ukuphatha isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuhambisana nemithi yengqondo noma njengendlela yokwelapha ehambisanayo yezimo ezithile zengqondo lapho isicanucanu kungase kube ukukhathazeka.

Ungayithatha kanjani futhi nini i-Ondansetron?

Umthamo nokuphathwa kwe-Ondansetron kungase kwehluke kuye ngesiguli ngasinye kanye nesimo saso sezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, hlala ulandela imiyalelo yomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nokuthi ungayithatha kanjani futhi nini i-Ondansetron.

• I-Ondansetron kanye namaphilisi ahlukanisayo ngomlomo kufanele aphuzwe ngomlomo, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Landela imiyalelo ekwilebula yencwadi kadokotela noma isiqondiso somhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• I-Ondansetron ivamise ukunikezwa imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokwelashwa ukuze kuncishiswe isicanucanu nokuhlanza okukhiqizwa ngamakhemikhali. Umuthi ungaphuzwa kuze kube kathathu ngosuku noma njengoba udokotela wakho eluleka.
• I-Ondansetron ivamise ukunikezwa ihora eli-1 kuye kwayi-2 ngaphambi kokwelashwa bese kuthi njalo emahoreni ayi-8 kulandela ukwelashwa kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezi-5 ukugwema isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa ukwelashwa kwemisebe.
• I-Ondansetron ivamise ukulawulwa ngomjovo endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kugwenywe isicanucanu nokuhlanza ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ngokulandela imiyalelo yomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, i-Ondansetron ingase ithathwe ukuze welaphe isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa eminye imithi.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha i-Ondansetron njengoba nje umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo eyalela, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile.

Iyini imiphumela emibi ye-Ondansetron?

Nansi eminye imiphumela emibi evamile nengavamile ye-Ondansetron:

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile:

• bekhanda
• ukuqunjelwa
• Uhudo
• Ukukhathala
• isiyezi
• Flushing
• Ukuqina kwemisipha.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa embi kakhulu:

• Izinguquko kusigqi senhliziyo, njengokwelulwa kwe-QT noma amaphoyinti e-torsade
• Ukungezwani komzimba, njengokuqubuka, ukulunywa, noma ukuqubuka
• I-Serotonin syndrome yisifo esingase sibe yingozi esikhiqizwa ukuchichima kwe-serotonin emzimbeni. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukudideka, ukuyaluza, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, abafundi abanwetshiwe, ukuqina kwemisipha, nokuquleka.
• I-Neuroleptic malignant syndrome yisimo esingavamile kodwa esibucayi esingase senzeke ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, engabangela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukuqina kwemisipha, ukudideka, nokwehluleka kwezitho.
• Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uneminye yale miphumela emibi. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-Ondansetron, kufanele futhi wazise udokotela wakho mayelana nanoma yiziphi ezinye izidakamizwa ozisebenzisayo kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ongase ube nazo.

Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele zithathwe?

Nazi ezinye izinyathelo okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthatha i-Ondansetron:

• Amagciwane
• Umlando wezokwelapha
• Imithi
• Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa
• Utshwala
• Ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini
• Ukushintsha kwe-QT
• Hlala ulandela imiyalelo yomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha lapho uthatha i-Ondansetron.

Imithamo ye-Ondansetron

Umthamo we-Ondansetron ungahluka ngokuya ngesimo esithile sokwelashwa, ukwakheka komuthi, kanye nezici zesiguli ngasinye. Kubalulekile ukulandela umthamo onqunyiwe ohlinzekwa umhlinzeki wezempilo. Okulandelayo ukubuka kabanzi kolwazi lomthamo we-Ondansetron:

• Ukuvimbela Ukucanuzela Kwenhliziyo Nokuhlanza Ku-Chemotherapy:
  • Amaphilisi Omlomo (Abadala): Umthamo wokuqala ojwayelekile ngu-8 mg othathwa amahora angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, okulandelwa imithamo eyengeziwe njalo emahoreni angu-8 osukwini olu-1 kuya kwezingu-2 ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
  • I-Oral Disintegrating Tablets (Abadala): Umthamo wokuqala uvame ukuba ngu-8 mg, uhlakazwe phezu noma ngaphansi kolimi imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ngemithamo elandelayo njengoba kuyalelwa umhlinzeki wezempilo.
  • Umjovo we-Intravenous (IV) noma we-Intramuscular (IM) (Abadala): Umthamo wokuqala ojwayelekile ngu-8 mg osetshenziswa ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15, nemithamo eyengeziwe njengoba kunqunyiwe.
• Ukuvimbela Isicanucanu Nokuhlanza Kwangemva Kokuhlinzwa:
  • Amaphilisi Omlomo (Abadala): Umthamo onconyiwe ngu-16 mg ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
  • I-Oral Disintegrating Tablets (Abadala): Umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-16 mg ohlakazwa phezu noma ngaphansi kolimi ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
  • Umjovo we-IV noma we-IM (Abadala): Umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-4 mg olawulwa ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-2-5, nemithamo eyengeziwe njengoba kunqunyiwe.
• Ukuvimbela isicanucanu nokuhlanza ku-gastroenteritis:
  • Umthamo ungahluka, futhi kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomhlinzeki wezempilo.

Kuthiwani uma ngiphuthelwe umthamo we-Ondansetron?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-Ondansetron, yithathe ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma kuseduze nesikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe, namathela kumthamo wakho ohleliwe. Ungathathi umthamo ophindwe kabili we-Ondansetron ukuze uvale umthamo ogejiwe. Ukuthatha ngaphezu kwenani elinqunyiwe le-Ondansetron kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi.

Kuthiwani uma kune-overdose ye-Ondansetron?

Uma usola ukweqisa kwe-Ondansetron, funa usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo noma uthinte isikhungo sangakini sokulawula ushevu ngokushesha. Ukweqisa kwe-Ondansetron kungaba kubi futhi kungase kudinge ukwelashwa.

Izimpawu ze-overdose zingabandakanya:

• bekhanda
• Umbono ophundlekile
• Ama-spasms we-muscle
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuphelelwa amandla
• ukuquleka
• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukulahlekelwa kokwazi

Yiziphi izimo zokugcina ze-Ondansetron?

• Gcina i-Ondansetron endaweni epholile, eyomile, evikelekile ekushiseni, ekukhanyeni nasemswakama. 
• Futhi, ungawabeki endaweni lapho izingane zingafinyelela kuwo.
• Zigcine ekamelweni lokushisa, phakathi kuka-20 no-25 C (68-77F).

Ukuqapha neminye imithi

• I-Ondansetron ingase ihlanganyele neminye imithi, engathinta ukusebenza kwayo noma yandise ingozi yemiphumela emibi. Nansi eminye imithi engase ihlanganyele ne-Ondansetron:
• Imithi edala ukwanda kwe-QT, njengama-antibiotic athile, ama-antipsychotic, nama-antidepressants, ingandisa ingozi yezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo uma ithathwa ne-Ondansetron.
• I-Ondansetron ingandisa ingozi yokuquleka uma ithathwa ne-tramadol.
• Imithi ethinta ama-enzyme esibindi, njenge-rifampin, ingathinta i-metabolism ye-Ondansetron, engashintsha ukusebenza kwayo.
• Uma isetshenziswa ne-Ondansetron, izidakamizwa ezishintsha amazinga e-serotonin, njenge-anti-nausea, i-antidepressant, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-migraine, zingandisa amathuba okuba nesifo se-serotonin.
• Ngaso sonke isikhathi wazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo njengamanje, okuhlanganisa nezidakamizwa ezithengiswa ezitolo, amavithamini, nezithako zemithi, ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-Ondansetron. 

I-Ondansetron ibonisa ngokushesha kangakanani imiphumela?

I-Ondansetron ingaqala ukusebenza phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 kuya ehoreni elingu-1 lokuphuza umuthi, kodwa ukuqala kwemiphumela yawo kungahluka kuye ngomuntu kanye nesimo esilashwayo. 

Ukuqhathaniswa komuthi we-Ondansetron ne-Phenergan 

Faqs

1. Ingabe i-Ondansetron ingathathwa neminye imithi?

I-Ondansetron ingasebenzisana nemithi ethile, futhi kubalulekile ukwazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo. Bangahlola ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okungaba khona futhi balungise imithamo noma bancome ezinye izindlela uma kunesidingo.

2. Isidakamizwa i-odansetron sisetshenziselwa ini?

I-Ondansetron isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali, ukwelapha ngemisebe, nokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi futhi isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuhambisana ne-gastroenteritis neminye imithi.

3. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthatha i-Ondansetron uma nginenkinga yesibindi noma yezinso?

Abantu abanezinkinga zesibindi noma zezinso bangadinga ukulungiswa kwemithamo noma ukugadwa okukhethekile lapho bethatha i-Ondansetron. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole ukufaneleka kwe-Ondansetron esimweni sakho esithile.

4. Ingabe ikhona imiphumela yesikhathi eside ehlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-Ondansetron?

I-Ondansetron ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengephephile ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ingase idinge ukugadwa ngokucophelela nokuhlolwa nguchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi ubike noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka noma imiphumela engemihle.

5. Ingabe i-Ondansetron iyasebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesicanucanu nokuhlanza?

I-Ondansetron iphumelela kakhulu ekudambiseni isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuhambisana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelapha ngemisebe, nokuhlinzwa. Nakuba ingase isetshenziselwe ezinye izinhlobo zokucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza, ukusebenza kwayo kungahluka. Ukufaneleka kwe-Ondansetron ngezimo ezithile kufanele kuxoxwe nomhlinzeki wezempilo.

Okubhekwayo:

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601209.html https://www.drugs.com/promethazine.html

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha alwenzelwe ukufaka iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ulwazi aluhloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka, imiphumela engemihle, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Lolu lwazi aluhloselwe ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi othile kufanelekile, kuphephile, noma kuyasebenza wena noma omunye umuntu. Ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi noma isexwayiso mayelana nomuthi akufanele kuhunyushwe njengesiqinisekiso esicacile esivela enhlanganweni. Sikweluleka ngokuqinile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma kukhona okukukhathazayo ngomuthi futhi ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.