I-Oseltamivir

I-Oseltamivir

I-Oseltamivir isidakamizwa esilwa namagciwane esinamandla esinikezwa odokotela ukuphatha umkhuhlane. Lo muthi uthole ukunakwa ngekhono lawo lokunciphisa ubunzima nobude bezimpawu zomkhuhlane, okuwenza ube yinketho, kodokotela abaningi ngesikhathi somkhuhlane.

I-Oseltamivir isebenzisa ukwedlula nje ukwelapha izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Odokotela baphinde batusa ukuthi unqande umkhuhlane emaqenjini athile asengozini enkulu. Lesi sihloko esibanzi sizohlola indlela yokusebenzisa amaphilisi e-oseltamivir, imiphumela yawo emibi engaba khona, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo okufanele uzikhumbule. Sizophinde sihlolisise ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni, ukusebenzisana kwawo neminye imithi, kanye nolwazi olubalulekile lokudosa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenza kahle.

Iyini i-Oseltamivir?

I-Oseltamivir imithi elwa namagciwane esekilasini lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-neuraminidase inhibitors. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwelapha nokuvimbela izifo zomkhuhlane A no-B. Lo muthi usebenza ngokunqanda ukusabalala kwegciwane lomkhuhlane emzimbeni, esiza ekunciphiseni isikhathi sezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, nobuhlungu bomzimba.

Kuyasiza ngesikhathi sokuqubuka komkhuhlane noma lapho othile esondelene nomuntu onaleli gciwane. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-oseltamivir ayithatheli indawo yokugomela umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke.

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-Oseltamivir

• Lo muthi we-antiviral usiza ukwelapha futhi uvimbele ukutheleleka komkhuhlane A no-B. Odokotela bayinika iziguli ezinezimpawu zomkhuhlane isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili.
• I-Oseltamivir ifinyeza ubude bezimpawu ezinjengobuthakathaka obujwayelekile, bekhanda, imfiva, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligijimayo noma eliminyene, nomphimbo obuhlungu cishe usuku olulodwa.
• Odokotela baphinde basebenzise i-oseltamivir ukuvimbela umkhuhlane kubantu abebesondelene kakhulu nabantu abanaleli gciwane.
• I-Oseltamivir ingase ibe nomthelela ekwelapheni umkhuhlane wezingulube A.
• Odokotela baphinde basebenzise i-oseltamivir ezigulini ezilaliswe esibhedlela ezinomkhuhlane onzima noma oqhubekayo noma lezo ezisengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lo muthi utholakala kuphela ngencwadi kadokotela futhi ufika uyi-capsule noma impushana ukuze ulengise.

Ungawasebenzisa kanjani amaphilisi e-Oseltamivir

• Umuntu ngamunye kufanele aphuze i-oseltamivir njengoba eyalelwe udokotela wakhe. Ekwelapheni umkhuhlane, umuthi i-oseltamivir usebenza kangcono uma uthathwe phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili ziqale izimpawu. Isifundo esijwayelekile sithatha izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ukuze kuvikelwe umkhuhlane, abantu kufanele baqale phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili zokuchayeka futhi baqhubeke okungenani izinsuku eziyishumi.
• I-Oseltamivir ingathathwa ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, nakuba ukuyiphuza kanye nokudla kungase kunciphise ukucasuka kwesisu.
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi lomlomo kuza ngokugxila okubili, ngakho iziguli kufanele zilandele ngokucophelela imiyalelo yomthamo.
• Uma usebenzisa amaphilisi, iziguli zingawavula futhi zixube okuphakathi noketshezi olunoshukela uma kudingeka.
• Kubalulekile ukuqeda yonke inkambo yokwelashwa, noma ngabe izimpawu ziba ngcono.
• Abantu ngabanye kufanele baphuze imithamo egejiwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwalapho sekusondele isikhathi somthamo olandelayo.

Imiphumela Emibi Yezibhebhe Ze-Oseltamivir

Isidakamizwa i-oseltamivir singadala imiphumela engafuneki eceleni kwezinzuzo ezihlosiwe. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:

• I-nausea
• Ukuvota
• Uhudo
• bekhanda
• Insomnia
• Vertigo

Imiphumela engavamile ingase ihlanganise ukuhefuzela noma ukukhwehlela okukhiqiza iphlegm.

Kuyaqabukela, umuthi i-oseltamivir ungabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu, njenge:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• I-Conjunctivitis
• I-Epistaxis
• Ukungathandeki kwesifuba
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Ukusabela okukhulu kwe-allergic
• GI ukopha
• Ukushintsha kokuziphatha ezinganeni

Ukuqapha

Iziguli akufanele zithathe i-oseltamivir ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela ngazo zonke izimo zempilo, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zezinso noma ubunzima bokugwinya.
• Ukungabekezelelani: Abantu abanofuzo lokungabekezelelani kwe-fructose kufanele baqaphele, njengoba uketshezi lomlomo luqukethe i-sorbitol. 
• Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisa ibele kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-oseltamivir. Umuthi ungabangela ukungezwani okukhulu noma izinkinga zesikhumba.
• Ukuqapha Ezinganeni: Abazali nabanakekeli kufanele babheke ukuziphatha okungavamile kwezingane kanye nentsha esebenzisa le mithi. Ukugoma: I-Oseltamivir ayithathi indawo yomkhuhlane waminyaka yonke futhi ngeke ivimbele izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Iziguli kufanele zigweme umuthi wokugomela inkungu ephilayo yamakhala ngenkathi zisebenzisa lo muthi.

Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zingathuthuki ngemva kokuqeda isifundo, iziguli kufanele zithinte udokotela wazo ngokushesha.

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi ye-Oseltamivir

I-Oseltamivir isebenza ngokuqondisa ama-enzyme e-neuraminidase egciwane lomkhuhlane. Lawa ma-enzyme adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphindaphindeni kwegciwane. Umuthi ubophezela endaweni esebenzayo yalawa ma-enzyme, uvimbela ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya zegciwane ezintsha kumaseli angenwe yileli gciwane. Lesi senzo sikhawulela ukuphindaphindeka kwegciwane, kunciphisa umthamo wegciwane kanye nokuqina kokutheleleka.

Uma iphuzwa phakathi kwamahora angu-48 kuqale izimpawu, i-oseltamivir inganciphisa ubude besikhathi sezimpawu zomkhuhlane cishe usuku olulodwa. Kuyasiza futhi ekwehliseni ubungozi bezinkinga ezifana ne-bronchitis, inyumoniya, ne-otitis media. Umuthi uyasebenza kuwo womabili umkhuhlane A no-B, kanye nomkhuhlane wezingulube A.

Ikhono le-Oseltamivir lokuvimbela zonke izinhlobo ezincane ze-neuraminidase ezihloliwe liyenza ibe inketho yokwelashwa eguquguqukayo. Ngokuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwezinhlayiya ezintsha zegciwane, isekela amasosha omzimba ekulweni nokutheleleka ngokuphumelelayo.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Oseltamivir Ngeminye Imithi?

I-Oseltamivir isebenzisana nemithi eminingana, okuhlanganisa:

• Abacavir
• I-Aceclofenac
• I-Acemetacin
• I-Acetaminophen
• I-Acetazolamide
• Entecavir
• Imithi yokugomela igciwane lomkhuhlane (H1N1 futhi iphile)
• I-Methotrexate
• I-Pemetrexed
• I-Probenecid
• Tafamidis
• Warfarin

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Odokotela banquma i-oseltamivir ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala yesiguli, isisindo, nesimo esithile.

• Ngokwelashwa Komkhuhlane A no-B Kubantu Abadala Nentsha:
  • Umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-75 mg kabili ngosuku izinsuku ezinhlanu.
  • Imithamo yezingane iyahlukahluka kuye ngesisindo, isukela ku-30 ​​kuye ku-75 mg kabili ngosuku.
• Ngokuvimbela Umkhuhlane:
  • Abantu abadala ngokuvamile bathatha ama-75 mg kanye ngosuku okungenani izinsuku eziyishumi.
  • Imithamo yezingane ilungiswa ngokwesisindo sazo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ukwelashwa kungakapheli amahora angama-48 izimpawu ziqale ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Abantu kufanele bahlale belandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngokucophelela.

Isiphetho

I-Oseltamivir ithonya ukulwa nomkhuhlane ngokuqondisa amandla egciwane ukuthi asakazeke emzimbeni. Lo muthi onamandla we-antiviral unciphisa ubude bezimpawu zomkhuhlane futhi usize ukuvimbela ukugula kubantu abasengozini enkulu. Ukusebenza kwawo ekwelapheni kokubili umkhuhlane A no-B kanye nomthelela wawo ongaba khona kumkhuhlane wezingulube kuwenza ube ithuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nokuqubuka kwesizini.

Nakuba i-oseltamivir inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile, kubalulekile ukuyisebenzisa njengoba uqondiswa odokotela futhi uqaphele imiphumela engemihle engaba khona. Iziguli kufanele ziqale ukwelashwa kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ophawu luqale ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle. Khumbula, i-oseltamivir ayithatheli indawo yokugomela umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke kodwa iyisinyathelo esihambisanayo sokusiza ukuphatha nokuvikela izifo zomkhuhlane.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe i-oseltamivir iphephile?

I-Oseltamivir ivame ukubekezelelwa kahle. Imiphumela emibi evamile ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqwasha, nokuquleka. Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu, ukudideka, ukuziphatha okungavamile, ukuhlukunyezwa, kanye neziqubu ezisongela ukuphila zingavela kodwa ziyivelakancane kakhulu.

2. Kufanele inikezwe nini i-oseltamivir?

I-Oseltamivir isebenza kangcono uma iqalwa phakathi namahora angama-48 kuqale izimpawu. Odokotela batusa lo muthi ovimbela amagciwane ezigulini ezilaliswe esibhedlela ezinomkhuhlane noma lezo ezisengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga. Ukuvimbela, kufanele kuthathwe phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili zokuchayeka kumkhuhlane.

3. Ngingakwazi ukuqala i-oseltamivir ebusuku?

Yebo, ungathatha i-oseltamivir ebusuku. Ngokuvamile inikezwa kanye noma kabili ngosuku, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Kuthathwa ngokuhlukana kwamahora ayi-10-12 ukuze kuthathwe umthamo kabili ngosuku, njephakathi kuka-7-8 am no-7-8pm.

4. Ingabe i-oseltamivir isebenza ngokushesha?

I-Oseltamivir iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngemva komthamo wokuqala, ihlasela igciwane lomkhuhlane futhi ilivimbele ukuthi lingaziphindaphindi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile inciphisa isikhathi sokutakula ngezinsuku ezingu-1-2 kuphela uma ithathwe ngendlela efanele.