I-Promethazine

I-Promethazine

I-Promethazine iyisidakamizwa esisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene esibhekana nokukhathazeka okuningi kwezempilo, kusukela ekungangeni komzimba kuya ekuguleni kokunyakaza. Le antihistamine isizuze ukuduma ngokusebenza kwayo ekulawuleni ukungezwani komzimba, ukunciphisa isicanucanu, ngisho nokusiza ukulala. Ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-promethazine kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphephile nokuphumelelayo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabangela i-promethazine yokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile noma ufuna ulwazi ngemithamo yethebhulethi ye-promethazine, le bhulogi ihlose ukukunikeza ulwazi oludingayo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngempilo yakho.

Iyini i-Promethazine?

I-Promethazine imithi ehlukahlukene engokomndeni we-phenothiazine. Le antihistamine yesizukulwane sokuqala ingathinta imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba, iyenze ibe usizo ekwelapheni izimo eziningi.

Njenge-antihistamine, i-promethazine ivimba isenzo se-histamine. I-Histamine iyinto ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wethu ngesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela ukuthi ibhekane nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njengekhala eligijima, Amehlo amanzi, nokuluma. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yayo idlulela ngale kokukhululeka kokungezwani komzimba, njengoba i-promethazine nayo inezindawo zokulalisa kanye ne-antiemetic. 

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Promethazine

I-Promethazine inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, okwenza kube umuthi oguquguqukayo wezimo ezihlukahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuphathwa Kwe-Allergies: I-Promethazine iphatha ngokuphumelelayo izimo ezihlukahlukene zokungezwani komzimba, njenge-rhinitis ye-allergenic yonyaka, i-conjunctivitis ye-allergic, nokusabela kwesikhumba njenge-urticaria ne-angioedema. 
• Isicanucanu Nokulawula Ukuhlanza: Odokotela basebenzisa i-promethazine ukuze balawule isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuhambisana nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, njenge:
  • Isicanucanu sangemva kokuhlinzwa
  • Ukugula kokunyakaza
  • Isicanucanu esibangelwa yi-Chemotherapy
  • I-nausea kanye nokuhlanza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethwayo zinganikezi ukukhululeka)
• Ukuvimbela Ukugula Kokunyakaza: I-Promethazine iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo ye-prophylactic yokugula kokunyakaza. Ukuze zithole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, iziguli kufanele ziphuze umuthi imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwehora eli-1 ngaphambi kokuvusa imicimbi.
• I-sedation: Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulalisa, i-promethazine isiza ku:
  • Ukuphumula kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa
  • I-sedation yangemva kokuhlinzwa
  • I-Obstetric sedation
• Ukuphathwa Kobuhlungu: Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa i-promethazine njengendlela yokwelapha ehambisanayo namanye ama-analgesics ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kwabo empumelelweni yobuhlungu.
• I-Cold Symptom Relief: I-Promethazine isiraphu yokukhwehlela, ehlanganiswe nezinye izithako ezifana ne-phenylephrine ne-codeine, isiza ekudambiseni ukukhwehlela, izimpawu ezingenhla zokuphefumula, nokuminyana kwamakhala okuhambisana nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile noma umkhuhlane. 
• Ukusetshenziswa Ngaphambi Nangemva Kokuhlinzwa: Odokotela bavame ukunikeza i-promethazine ngaphambi nangemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze balethe ubuthongo nokuphumula.    

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Promethazine

I-Promethazine imithi ehlukahlukene engasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ngomlomo, i-rectal, intramuscular, kanye ne-intravenous. Indlela efanele yokuphatha kanye nemithamo incike eminyakeni yesiguli, isimo sezempilo, nesizathu sokusetshenziswa.

Iziguli kufanele ziphuze amaphilisi e-promethazine noma isiraphu nokudla, amanzi, noma ubisi ukuze kuncishiswe ukungakhululeki kwesisu. 
Ukuvimbela ukugula kokunyakaza, abantu abadala kanye nentsha kufanele bathathe umthamo wokuqala imizuzu engama-30 kuya ehoreni ngaphambi kohambo. Uma kunesidingo, lo mthamo ungaphinda ngemva kwamahora angu-8 kuya kwayi-12.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-promethazine ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili kufanele kunqunywe futhi kugadwe udokotela. 
Uma weqiwa umthamo, kufanele uphuzwe ngokushesha ngaphandle kwalapho sekuyisikhathi somthamo olandelayo ohleliwe. Kulokhu, yeqa umthamo ogejiwe futhi uqalise kabusha uhlelo olujwayelekile lomthamo. Ungalokothi uphindwe kabili umthamo ukuze ubuyisele ogejiwe.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Promethazine

Amaphilisi e-Promethazine, nakuba esebenza ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, angabangela imiphumela engadingeki. Imiphumela engemihle evamile ngokuvamile engadingi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ihlanganisa:

• Ukulala
• isiyezi
• ukuqunjelwa
• Umbono ophundlekile
• Umlomo omile

Le miphumela ivame ukuncipha njengoba umzimba ujwayela umuthi. Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu:

• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza okungayeki
• Ukuphelelwa amandla
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphansi
• Ukushintsha kwengqondo noma kwemizwa (ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukwethuka, noma ukudideka)
• Ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile noma okungalawuleki (njengokubuka phezulu okugxilile noma ukusonteka kwentamo)
• Kunzima ukuchama
• Ukulimala kalula noma ukopha
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomphimbo obuhlungu noma umkhuhlane
• Isisu esinzima noma ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuphuzi kwamehlo noma isikhumba

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-promethazine ingabangela izimo ezimbi kakhulu ezidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• ukuquleka
• Ukuphefumula kancane noma okungajulile
• I-Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Izimpawu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane, ukuqina kwemisipha, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukudideka, ukujuluka, nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungavamile.
• Ukungezwani Okubi Kakhulu: Izimpawu zifaka ukuqubuka, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala (ikakhulukazi ubuso, ulimi, noma umphimbo), isiyezi esinzima, nokuphefumula kanzima.

Ukuqapha

I-Promethazine imithi enamandla edinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa: 

• Iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo mayelana nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, ikakhulukazi ama-phenothiazines afana ne-prochlorperazine. Imithi ye-Promethazine ingase ibe nezithako ezingasebenzi ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba noma ezinye izinkinga.
• Izimo ezithile zezempilo njengezinkinga zokuphefumula (isifuba somoya, i-COPD, i-apnea yokulala), izinkinga zegazi noma amasosha omzimba, i-glaucoma, isifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sesibindi, ukuphazamiseka okuthile kobuchopho (i-neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Reye's syndrome, isithuthwane), izinkinga zesisu noma amathumbu, i-hyperthyroidism, nobunzima bomchamo.
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma insangu
• Iziguli kufanele zigweme ukushayela, ukusebenzisa imishini, noma ukwenza imisebenzi edinga ukuphaphama noma ukubona kahle kuze kube yilapho sezikwenza ngokuphepha. 
• Umuthi ungase ukhulise ukuzwela ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, nciphisa ukuchayeka elangeni, gwema amadokodo namalambu elanga, sebenzisa i-sunscreen, futhi ugqoke izingubo zokuzivikela ngaphandle.
• I-Promethazine inganciphisa ukujuluka, ikhulise ingozi yokushisa. 
• Izinhlobo eziwuketshezi ze-promethazine zingaqukatha ushukela noma utshwala. Ukuqapha kuyelulekwa ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, isifo sesibindi, noma izimo ezidinga ukukhawulela lezi zinto. 
• Izingane kanye nabantu abadala
• Ukukhulelwa kanye omama abancelisayo
• I-Promethazine isebenzisana neminye imithi ebangela ukozela, njenge-opioid, i-benzodiazepines, notshwala. Iphinde ihlanganyele ne-tricyclic antidepressants, i-phenobarbital, imithi ye-anticholinergic, kanye ne-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). 

Isebenza kanjani i-Promethazine

Ukuguquguquka kwePromethazine kubangelwa amandla ayo okusebenza kuma-receptors amaningi emzimbeni. Iphikisana ne-histamine H1, i-muscarinic, ne-dopamine receptors, okunomthelela emiphumeleni yayo ehlukahlukene. Lesi senzo esinezici eziningi siyasivumela ukuba sibhekane nezinkinga zezempilo ezihlukahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa, okusenza sibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ezimeni ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha.

Ikhono le-Promethazine lokwelapha isicanucanu nokuhlanza lisukela ekuphikisaneni kwayo ne-histamine H1, i-muscarinic, ne-dopamine receptors esikhungweni sokuhlanza se-medullary sobuchopho. Ukuphikiswa komuthi kwe-muscarinic kanye nama-NMDA receptors kudlala indima ekusetshenzisweni kwawo njengesizo sokulala nasekulawuleni ukukhathazeka nokushuba. I-Promethazine ivimba isenzo se-histamine, iyenze ibe usizo ekwelapheni izimo zokungezwani komzimba.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Promethazine Neminye Imithi?

I-Promethazine isebenzisana nemithi eminingi, futhi kubalulekile ukuqapha lapho uyihlanganisa nezinye izidakamizwa. Okunye ukusebenzelana okubaluleke kakhulu kwenzeka nge:

• Imithi ye-Anticholinergic
• antidepressant
• Ama-Antihistamine
• I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Ama-opioid kanye ne-benzodiazepines
• Ukunciphisa izinhlungu
• I-Proton pump inhibitors

Iziguli kufanele zigweme utshwala ngenkathi zithatha i-promethazine, njengoba ingakhuphula i-sedation neminye imiphumela emibi. 

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo we-Promethazine uyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sokwelashwa, iminyaka yesiguli, kanye nendlela yokuphatha. Odokotela banquma umthamo ofanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomuntu ngamunye kanye nezimo zezokwelapha.

• Umthamo Womlomo Wezinto Ezingezwani Nezinto:
  • Kubantu abadala kanye nentsha: 6.25 kuya ku-12.5 milligrams ngaphambi kokudla nangesikhathi sokulala, noma 25 milligrams kanye ngosuku ngaphambi kokulala. 
• I-Promethazine ye-Motion Sickness:
  • Abantu abadala kanye nentsha: 25 mg kabili ngosuku 
  • Umthamo wokuqala kufanele uthathwe imizuzu engama-30 kuya ehoreni ngaphambi kokuhamba, futhi umthamo ophindwe ngemuva kwamahora ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12 uma kudingeka. 
• Umthamo Wezingane: 
  • Umthamo ngokuvamile usekelwe esisindweni sengane nesimo esithile sezingane ezineminyaka emibili nangaphezulu. 
  • Ngokungezwani nomzimba: Umthamo ojwayelekile usukela ku-6.25 kuye ku-12.5 mg kathathu ngosuku noma u-25 mg ngesikhathi sokulala njengoba kudingeka.
  • Ngokugula kokunyakaza: 12.5 kuya ku-25 mg ngomlomo noma nge-rectally kabili ngosuku. 
  • Ngesicanucanu nokuhlanza: 0.5 mg ngephawundi ngalinye lesisindo somzimba (1.1 mg ngekhilogremu), ngomthamo omkhulu ongu-25 mg.

Isiphetho

I-Promethazine ithinta kakhulu izici ezihlukahlukene zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kusukela ekulawuleni ukungezwani komzimba kuya ekunciphiseni isicanucanu nokusiza ukulala. Ikhono lale mithi ehlukahlukene lokubhekana nokukhathazeka okuningi kwezempilo liyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile Kodokotela. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yayo ehlukahlukene iphinde isho ukuthi iziguli kufanele zazi ngemiphumela engaba khona kanye nokusebenzisana neminye imithi.

Ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa okufanele kanye nomthamo we-promethazine kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isetshenziswa ngendlela ephephile futhi ephumelelayo. Kufanele ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela futhi ubike ngokushesha noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, abantu ngabanye bangakwazi ukukhulisa izinzuzo ze-promethazine kuyilapho benciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona, ekugcineni babe negalelo emiphumeleni yezempilo engcono.

FAQ sika

1. Isetshenziselwa ini i-promethazine?

I-Promethazine imithi ehlukahlukene esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene. Isiza ekudambiseni izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njengokuqubuka, ukulunywa, ikhala eligijimayo, kanye ne-allergic conjunctivitis. Odokotela bayanikeza promethazine ukulawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuhambisana nezimbangela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukugula kokunyakaza, ukuhlinzwa, kanye imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Iphinde ibe nezindawo zokulalisa, okuyenza isebenziseke njengesizo lokulala kanye nokuthobisa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa nangemuva kokuhlinzwa.

2. Ingabe i-promethazine inamandla okulala?

I-Promethazine yokulala- I-Promethazine inomphumela obalulekile wokulalisa, okwenza kube usizo olunamandla lokulala. Imvelo yayo yokozela iyenza ihluke kwamanye ama-antihistamine, okwandisa amathuba okuyenga ubuthongo. Iziguli kufanele zihlale zikhuluma nodokotela bazo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-promethazine njengensiza yokulala, ikakhulukazi uma zithatha eminye imithi.

3. Ingabe i-promethazine iphephile ukuthi ungayiphuza nsuku zonke?

Nakuba i-promethazine ingakwazi ukwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene ngempumelelo, odokotela ngokuvamile abayincomi ukuthi isetshenziswe isikhathi eside nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokugadwa. Iziguli kufanele zizithathe isikhathi esifushane kuphela ngaphandle uma zelulekwe ngenye indlela udokotela wazo. Iziguli kufanele zikhulume nodokotela wazo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-promethazine isikhathi eside kunalokho okutuswa yipheshana lomuthi.

4. Ingabe i-promethazine iphephile enhliziyweni?

I-Promethazine ingathinta isimiso senhliziyo. Umuthi ungase ubhebhethekise izimo zenhliziyo futhi ubangele isigqi senhliziyo esingavamile. Ngakho-ke, iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuqala i-promethazine.

5. Isebenza ngokushesha kangakanani i-promethazine?

Ukuqala kwesenzo se-promethazine kuyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe endleleni yokuphatha kanye nesifo. Ngokuvamile, i-promethazine iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha. Uma ithathwa ngomlomo, ngokuvamile iqala ukusebenza phakathi nemizuzu engu-20-30.

Imiphumela ye-Promethazine ingahlala amahora angu-4-6, kanti eminye ingathatha amahora angu-12. Lesi sikhathi esinwetshiwe sinomthelela ekusebenzeni kwayo njengosizo lokulala nasekulawuleni izimo ezifana nesifo sokunyakaza.