I-Ranitidine

I-Ranitidine

I-Ranitidine idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokugaya ukudla, inikeze ukukhululeka ezigidini emhlabeni jikelele. Amaphilisi e-Ranitidine asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni izimo ezifana nesilungulela, i-acid reflux, kanye izilonda zesisu, okubenza babe yisixazululo kubantu abaningi abanenkinga yokungakhululeki kwamathumbu.

Ake sihlole ukusetshenziswa komuthi we-ranitidine, umthamo ofanele, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona. Noma ngabe ufisa ukwazi ngayo ngokwelashwa kwe-allergies noma uyazibuza ukuthi isebenza yiphi injongo, sikuphathele lonke ulwazi olubalulekile oludingayo ukuze ukwazi ngalo muthi onemisebenzi eminingi.

Iyini iRanitidine?

I-Ranitidine umuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu ekilasini lemithi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izindaba ezahlukahlukene zokugaya ngokunciphisa inani le-asidi ekhiqizwa esiswini. Amaphilisi e-Ranitidine asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezihlobene ne-gastric-acid-associated, kuhlanganise nezilonda, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye ne-acid reflux.

Ukusetshenziswa kweRanitidine

I-Ranitidine isebenza ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene ekwelapheni izimo zesisu. Lo muthi unciphisa ngokuyinhloko inani le-asidi elikhiqizwa esiswini, okwenza liphumelele ezindabeni eziningana zokugaya ukudla, okuhlanganisa:

• Izilonda ezisesiswini nasemathunjini: Lo muthi usiza ekwelapheni izilonda ezikhona futhi uzinqande ukuthi zingaphindeki ngemva kokwelashwa. 
• Isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD) 
• I-Erosive esophagitis
• Izimo ezithile lapho isisu sikhiqiza i-asidi eyeqile, njenge-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
• I-Ranitidine nayo isiza ekudambiseni izimpawu ezinjengokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu besisu, Futhi ubunzima bokugwinya. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ngenxa ye-asidi yesisu eyeqile, futhi izakhiwo ze-ranitidine zokunciphisa i-asidi zisiza ukuzidambisa.
• Isilungulela ngenxa yokungagayeki kokudla
• Ukopha okuphezulu emathunjini
• I-Ranitidine iphinde isebenze indima yokuvimbela ezimweni ezithile zezokwelapha. Kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni izilonda zokucindezeleka nokulimala kwesisu okungabangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID). 
• Ukwengeza, kuvimbela ukulangazelela kwe-asidi yesisu ngesikhathi sokubulala izinzwa, kunciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga phakathi nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iRanitidine

I-Ranitidine iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi, amaphilisi asebenzayo, ama-granules asebenzayo, nesiraphu. Umzila wokuphatha uncike ekwakhiweni okuthile kanye nesimo esilashwayo.

• Iziguli kufanele zithathe i-ranitidine ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla.
• Kumaphilisi omlomo, iziguli zivame ukuthatha i-ranitidine kanye ngosuku ngesikhathi sokulala noma izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezine ngosuku, kuye ngeziyalezo zikadokotela wazo. 
• Ukuze uvimbele izimpawu zesilungulela, phuza umuthi imizuzu engamashumi amathathu kuya kwamashumi ayisithupha ngaphambi kokudla noma ukuphuza ukudla okungase kubangele ukungakhululeki.
•  Uma usebenzisa amaphilisi anamandla noma ama-granules, iziguli kufanele ziwachithe engilazini yamanzi agcwele (180 kuya ku-240 milliliters) ngaphambi kokuphuza. 
•  Nge-ranitidine ewuketshezi, kubalulekile ukukala umthamo ngokucophelela usebenzisa inkomishi yokudosa enikeziwe noma ithuluzi lokukala umthamo womuthi, hhayi isipuni sasekhishini.
•  Iziguli kufanele zilandele iziqondiso zikadokotela wazo noma ilebula yephakheji ngokucophelela. 

Imiphumela emibi ye-Ranitidine Tablet

I-Ranitidine ingabangela imiphumela emibi kwabanye abantu. 

Imiphumela Emibi Evamile:

• bekhanda
• Ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu besisu 

Imiphumela Emibi Ebi:

• Ukungezwani komzimba kungase kuhlanganise ukuqubuka, ukuqubuka, ukulunywa, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso, okuhlanganisa lokho kwezindebe, ulimi noma umphimbo. Ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuhefuzela, noma ukuhayiza okungajwayelekile nakho kungase kubonise ukusabela okungathi sína kwe-aleji.
• I-Ranitidine ingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwesibindi ezimweni ezingavamile. 
• Imiphumela emibi yenhliziyo (engavamile) ihlanganisa izinguquko esigqini senhliziyo, njenge-bradycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo), i-tachycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo), noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. 
• Imiphumela ye-neurological and psychiatric, njenge isiyezi, ukozela, i-vertigo, futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukudideka kwengqondo okubuyisela emuva, ukuyaluza, ukudangala, noma ukubona izinto ezingekho
• Ukusabela kwesikhumba okufana ne-urticaria (i-hives) nokuqubuka kwesikhumba 
• Ezinye iziguli ziye zabika izimpawu ze-musculoskeletal ezifana nobuhlungu bamalunga (arthralgia) nobuhlungu bemisipha (myalgia).
• Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ranitidine kuye kwahlotshaniswa nezinguquko ekubalweni kwamangqamuzana egazi. Lokhu kungafaka i-leukopenia (ukuncipha kwamaseli amhlophe egazi), mthombosia (isibalo esiphansi seplatelet), noma, ezimweni ezingavamile, i-agranulocytosis (ukwehla okukhulu kwamaseli amhlophe egazi).

Ukuqapha

Ukuthatha i-ranitidine kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela nokunamathela ezinyathelweni zokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenza ngempumelelo. 

Kubalulekile ukudalula yonke imithi yamanje, okuhlanganisa imithi kadokotela, imithi ethengiswa ezitolo, amavithamini, izithasiselo zokudla okunomsoco, kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhambi. Eminye imithi ingase ihlanganyele ne-ranitidine, ithinte ukusebenza kwayo noma ithuthukise ingozi yemiphumela emibi.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha badinga ukuqapha lapho besebenzisa i-ranitidine, njenge:

• I-Porphyria (isifo segazi)
• I-Phenylketonuria
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Isifo sesibindi
• Ezinye izinkinga zesisu, njengezimila Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa abesifazane 

Izimpawu ezithile zingadinga ukunakwa ngokushesha, njenge:

• Isilungulela esinekhanda elilula, ukujuluka, noma isiyezi
• Isifuba, umhlathi, ingalo, noma ubuhlungu behlombe, ikakhulukazi ngokuphelelwa umoya noma ukujuluka okungajwayelekile
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
• Ubunzima noma ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya ukudla
• Ukuhlanza okunegazi noma okuphansi kwekhofi 
• Indle enegazi noma emnyama
• Isilungulela kwaqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu
• njalo ubuhlungu besifuba or isifuba, ikakhulukazi ngesilungulela
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo okungapheli, ukuhlanza, noma ubuhlungu besisu

Isebenza kanjani iRanitidine

I-Ranitidine ingeyeqembu lemithi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-H2 receptor antagonists, ebizwa nangokuthi i-H2 blockers. Isebenza njenge-inhibitor encintisanayo nehlehliswayo ye-histamine kuma-H2 receptors atholakala kumaseli e-parietal esiswini. Lesi senzo sinomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwe-asidi esesiswini okuvamile kanye nokuvuswa ukudla. Ukwengeza, inciphisa umphumela wezinye izinto ezikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi lapho ama-H2 receptors evinjiwe.

I-Ranitidine inciphisa inani le-asidi ekhiqizwa yisisu, ikhulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokugaya. Ukucaciswa kwe-Ranitidine kuma-H2 receptors kuyenza iphumelele ekwelapheni izimo ezihlobene ne-asidi ngaphandle kokubangela ukozela noma eminye imiphumela engemihle ehambisana nama-antihistamine.

Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-Ranitidine neminye imithi?

I-Ranitidine ingasebenzisana nemithi ehlukahlukene kanye nezinto, okungenzeka iguqule indlela esebenza ngayo noma yandise ingozi yemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Eminye yemithi evamile engase ihlanganyele ne-ranitidine ihlanganisa:

• I-Alprazolam
• aspirin
• I-Atorvastatin
• I-Clopidogrel
• I-diphenhydramine
• I-Duloxetine
• Esomeprazole
• Levothyroxine

I-Ranitidine inciphisa i-asidi yesisu, engathinta indlela umzimba oyithatha kahle ngayo imikhiqizo ethile, kuhlanganise: 

• Abacavir
• Abametapir
• Abatacept
• I-Abiraterone
• I-Acamprosate
• I-Atazanavir
• I-Dasatinib
• I-Itraconazole 
• I-Ketoconazole 
• Levoketoconazole
• I-Pazopanib
• I-Sparsentan

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo weRanitidine uyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo kanye neminyaka yesiguli. Odokotela banikeza imithamo ehlukene kubantu abadala nasezinganeni, becabangela izici ezinjengobunzima besimo kanye nendlela isiguli esisabela ngayo ekwelashweni.

• Kwabantu Abadala: 
  • Izilonda ze-Duodenal: Umthamo womlomo usukela kuma-milligrams angu-150 kabili ngosuku ukuya kuma-milligrams angu-300 kanye ngosuku, ngokuvamile othathwa ngemva kokudla kwakusihlwa noma ngesikhathi sokulala. Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa ngokuvamile buthatha amasonto ayisishiyagalombili, ukwelashwa kwesondlo kufinyelela onyakeni owodwa ngethamo elehlisiwe lika-150 mg kanye ngosuku ngesikhathi sokulala.
  • Ukwelashwa kwezilonda zesisu kulandela iphethini efanayo neyezilonda ze-duodenal, iziguli eziningi ziphola emasontweni ayisithupha.
  • I-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Abantu abadala ngokuvamile bathatha i-150 mg ngomlomo kabili ngosuku. 
  • I-Erosive Esophagitis: Umthamo ngu-150 mg izikhathi ezine ngosuku ukuze ulashwe, ngomthamo wesondlo ongu-150 mg kabili ngosuku.
• Umthamo Wezingane:
  • Ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyinyanga eyodwa kuya kweyi-16 ezinezilonda ze-duodenal noma zesisu, umthamo onconywayo usukela ku-2 kuye ku-4 mg/kg ngomlomo kabili ngosuku, ungadluli ku-300 mg nsuku zonke. Imithamo yesondlo yezingane ngokuvamile iyingxenye yomthamo wokwelashwa.
  • Iziguli esezikhulile zingadinga ukulungiswa komthamo ngenxa yamathuba aphezulu okwehla kokusebenza kwezinso. Odokotela kufanele bakhethe imithamo ngokucophelela futhi bacabangele ukuqapha kakhudlwana ukusebenza kwezinso kulesi sibalo.

Isiphetho

I-Ranitidine ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekulawuleni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokugaya ukudla, inikeze ukukhululeka ezigidini emhlabeni jikelele. Ikhono layo lokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi yesisu linomthelela ekwelapheni izimo ezinjengezilonda, i-GERD, nesilungulela. I-Ranitidine nayo isebenze kahle ekudambiseni izimpawu ezifana nesilungulela esibeleselayo, ubuhlungu besisu, nobunzima bokugwinya.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Isetshenziselwa ini isidakamizwa i-ranitidine?

I-Ranitidine iyi-blocker enamandla ye-histamine-2. Yehlisa ukwakheka kwe-asidi esiswini. Odokotela banqume i-ranitidine ngezimo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Izilonda esiswini nasemathunjini
• Ukuphathwa kwesifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD)
• Ukwelashwa kwezimo lapho isisu sifihla i-asidi eyeqile, njenge-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
• Ukukhululwa ekushiseni kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukungagayeki kwe-asidi

2. Ingabe i-ranitidine iphephile ezinso?

Iphrofayili yokuphepha ye-Ranitidine yezinso ibe yisihloko esikhathazayo. Abantu abanenkinga yezinso kufanele baqaphele lapho becabangela ukusebenzisa i-ranitidine. Uma unenkinga yezinso, thintana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha i-ranitidine. Odokotela kungase kudingeke balungise umthamo weziguli ezinokukhubazeka kwezinso.

3. Ubani Ongakwazi ukuthatha i-ranitidine?

Amaqembu amaningana abantu kufanele agweme ukuthatha i-ranitidine noma ayisebenzise kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela:

• Abantu abangezwani ne-ranitidine noma ezinye i-H2 blockers
• Abantu abanesifo sesibindi
• Labo abanomlando we-porphyria (isifo segazi)
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo
• Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zesisu, njengezimila
• Abantu abadala asebekhulile bangase badinge ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile

4. Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-ranitidine?

Okulandelayo ezinye izindlela zokwelapha:

• Eminye imithi ye-H2 blockers efana ne-famotidine, i-cimetidine, noma i-nizatidine
• I-Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila njengokushintsha ukudla, ukuphathwa kwesisindo, nokugwema ukudla okubangela i-asidi kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ezihlobene ne-asidi.
• Amanye ama-antacid angaphandle kwekhawunta