I-Risperidone

I-Risperidone

I-Risperidone, isidakamizwa esinamandla se-antipsychotic, isithole ukunakwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi. Lo muthi uthinta amakhemikhali obuchopho, usiza ukuphatha izimpawu zezifo ezifana nesifo schizophrenia, ukucindezeleka kwe-bipolar, kanye nokucasuka ku-autism.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi iyini i-risperidone nokuthi isebenza kanjani. Sizobheka ukusetshenziswa okuhlukene kwamaphilisi e-risperidone, indlela yokuwaphuza kahle, imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona, izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele uzikhumbule, nokuthi i-risperidone isebenzisana kanjani neminye imithi.

Iyini i-Risperidone?

I-Risperidone isidakamizwa esinamandla sokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo eseqenjini lezidakamizwa elibizwa ngokuthi i-atypical antipsychotics, elisebenza ngokulinganisa amakhemikhali athile ebuchosheni. I-Risperidone ithonya ama-neurotransmitters afana ne-dopamine ne-serotonin, isiza ukuphatha izimpawu zezimo ezifana ne-schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, kanye nokucasuka okuhambisana ne-autism. Lo muthi utholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi ancibilika ngomlomo kanye nezixazululo eziwuketshezi. 

Ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi yeRisperidone

Amaphilisi e-Risperidone anezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izimo ezihlukahlukene zempilo yengqondo, okuhlanganisa: 

• I-schizophrenia kubantu abadala kanye nentsha eneminyaka engu-13 nangaphezulu
• Iziqephu ze-Manic noma ezixubile ku-bipolar disorder kubantu abaneminyaka eyishumi nangaphezulu
• Izinkinga zokuziphatha, ezifana nolaka kanye nokushintsha kwemizwa kungazelelwe, ezinganeni nasebancane abane-autism spectrum disorder 
• Ukucasuka okuhlobene ne-autism kubantu abaneminyaka engu-5 kuya ku-16
• Ngokungeziwe kulokhu kusetshenziswa okuyinhloko, kukhona okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-risperidone ngaphandle kwelebula. Odokotela bangase bazinikeze ukuthi zelaphe izimpawu ze-psychotic kanye ne-borderline personality disorder futhi njengendlela yokwelapha eyengeziwe yokucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelapheni. 

Ukuguquguquka kweRisperidone ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zempilo yengqondo kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwengqondo.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Risperidone Tablet

Ukuze usebenzise amaphilisi e-risperidone ngendlela efanele, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. 

• Thatha imithi ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. 
• Geza amaphilisi ajwayelekile wonke ngamanzi. Ungakwazi ukuphula ithebhulethi ngomugqa wamaphuzu uma unenkinga yokugwinya. 
• Kumaphilisi ahlakazeka ngomlomo, wabeke olimini lwakho ukuze ancibilike ngokushesha. 
• I-Risperidone itholakala ngamandla ahlukahlukene, futhi udokotela wakho uzokuhlola umthamo ofanele. Bangase bakuqale ngedosi ephansi futhi kancane kancane bakhulise. 
• Kubalulekile ukuthatha i-risperidone ngokuqondile njengoba kushiwo futhi ungayeki ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. 
• Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, yithathe ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula khona ngaphandle uma kuseduze nomthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Ungalokothi uthathe umthamo ophindwe kabili ukuze ubuyisele ogejiwe.

Imiphumela Emibi ye-Risperidone Tablets

Amaphilisi e-Risperidone angabangela imiphumela engemihle ehlukahlukene, kusukela kokuvamile kuye kokuqina. Imiphumela emibi evamile, ethinta abantu abangafika ku-10% emithini, ihlanganisa: 

• Ukozela emini
• Kunzima ukulala
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• Lightheadedness
• Kudonsa
• Inzuzo yesisindo
• Ukuqina kwemisipha
• ukundindizela
• Ukuhamba kancane, ukushova
• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla njengobuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa, noma isifo sohudo 
• Izinguquko ekudleni 
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Imiphumela ehlobene nama-hormone, njengokuvuvukala kwebele noma ukukhiqizwa kobisi

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu, nakuba ingavamile, ihlanganisa:

• Ukunyakaza kobuso noma umzimba okungalawuleki
• Izimpawu zamahlule egazi
• Izimpawu ze-neuroleptic malignant syndrome (umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuqina kwemisipha, kanye Ukuthuthumela)
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu, okudinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo

Kuyadingeka ukuthi ubike noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi kudokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ukuqapha

Lapho uthatha i-risperidone, ukulandela izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza, okufana:

• Ulwazi Lomuthi: Yazisa udokotela wakho mayelana ne-allergies, imithi eqhubekayo, noma izithako ze-herbal namavithamini.
• Izimo Zesistimu: Yazisa udokotela wakho ngezimo zakho zezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi isifo sikaParkinson, isifo sikashukela, izifo zesibindi, izifo zezinso, ukuphefumula kokuphefumula kokulala, i-cataracts, ukuwohloka komqondo, i-WBC count ephansi, noma izinkinga zenhliziyo. 
• Isexwayiso Sokozela: I-Risperidone ingase ibangele ukozela futhi ithinte ikhono lakho lokucabanga kahle, ngakho gwema ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini ngaphansi kwethonya lomuthi. Qaphela ngokuphuza utshwala, ngoba kungandisa ukozela. 
• Ukushisa komzimba: Imithi ingase yenze kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukulawula izinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke qaphela lapho kushisa kakhulu noma kubanda. 
• Ushukela Wegazi: I-Risperidone ingakhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini, ngakho-ke qapha izimpawu ezinjengokoma okukhulu noma ukuvuthwa njalo. 
• Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Xoxa ngezingozi nezinzuzo nodokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa.

Uphenyo oluvamile lungaqapha ukuqhubeka kwakho futhi lulungise umthamo uma kudingeka.

Isebenza kanjani i-Risperidone Tablet

I-Risperidone, i-atypical antipsychotic, ithonya amakhemikhali obuchopho ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zempilo yengqondo. Isebenza ngokuthinta ama-neurotransmitters, ngokuyinhloko i-dopamine ne-serotonin. I-Risperidone yenza njengomphikisi, ivimba i-dopamine D2 receptors kanye ne-serotonin 5-HT2A receptors ebuchosheni. Lesi senzo sisiza ekunciphiseni ukusebenza ngokweqile ezindleleni ze-mesolimbic kanye ne-mesocortical, ezixhunyaniswa nezimpawu ezinhle nezimbi ze-schizophrenia, ngokulandelana.

Umuthi unokuhlobana okuphezulu kwama-serotonin 5-HT2A receptors uma kuqhathaniswa nama-dopamine D2 receptors. Le phrofayili ebophezelayo eyingqayizivele inomthelela ekusebenzeni kwayo ekulawuleni izimpawu kuyilapho inciphisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi ye-extrapyramidal ngemithamo ephansi ye-risperidone. Indlela yokusebenza ye-Risperidone ihlanganisa namanye ama-receptors, njenge-alpha-1 ne-alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, engase ibe nomthelela emiphumeleni yayo yonke yokwelapha.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Risperidone Ngeminye Imithi?

I-Risperidone ingaxhumana nemithi eminingi, kuhlanganise: 

• Utshwala 
• Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokukhathazeka
• Izidambisi zinhlungu ezithile
• I-Cisapride
• Levodopa
• I-Metoclopramide
• I-Phenothiazines efana ne-chlorpromazine noma i-prochlorperazine
• I-Quinidine
• Ama-CYP2D6 inhibitors aqinile afana ne-fluoxetine noma i-paroxetine 
• Ama-inducer aqinile e-CYP3A4 afana ne-carbamazepine noma phumlani 

Njalo cela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala, ukuyeka noma ukuguqula umthamo wanoma yimuphi umuthi ngenkathi uthatha i-risperidone ukuze uqinisekise ukwelashwa okuphephile nokusebenzayo.

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo we-Risperidone uyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sokwelashwa kanye neminyaka yesiguli. 

Ku-schizophrenia kubantu abadala, umthamo wokuqala uvame ukuba ngu-2 mg ngosuku, okungase kwenyuswe kancane kancane. Umthamo oqondisiwe onconywayo usukela ku-2-8 mg nsuku zonke. 

Ku-bipolar mania, abantu abadala ngokuvamile baqala ngo-2-3 mg nsuku zonke, okungenzeka bakhuphuke baye ku-6 mg nsuku zonke.

Emafomu omjovo asebenza isikhathi eside, umthamo wokuqala uvame ukuba ngu-25 mg njalo emavikini amabili. Lokhu kunganyuswa ku-37.5 noma ku-50 mg uma kunesidingo. I-risperidone yomlomo kufanele inikezwe ngomjovo wokuqala ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okwelapha.

Isiphetho

I-Risperidone inomthelela ekwelapheni izimo ezehlukene zempilo yengqondo, enikeza ithemba kubantu abaningi abanenkinga yokuphazamiseka okufana nesifo schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, kanye nokucasuka okuhlobene ne-autism. Ikhono layo lokulinganisa amakhemikhali obuchopho liye layenza ithuluzi elibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwengqondo. Ukuguquguquka komuthi ekubhekaneni nezimpawu ezihlukene, okuhambisana nezinhlobo zayo nemithamo ehlukahlukene, kuvumela izinhlelo zokwelashwa ezihambisanayo ukuthi zihlangabezane nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Nakuba i-risperidone ingasebenza kahle kakhulu, kuphoqelekile ukuyisebenzisa ngaphansi kokugadwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuqonda imiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona, izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, nokusebenzisana okungenzeka kwezidakamizwa kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphephile nokusebenzayo. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe ukuqhubeka nokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo ezihlobene nomthamo. Ngokusetshenziswa nokunakekelwa okufanele, i-risperidone ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuzuzeni izinga lempilo elingcono ezigulini ezibhekene nezinselele zempilo yengqondo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-risperidone iphephile?

I-Risperidone ngokuvamile iphephile uma isetshenziswa njengoba kushiwo. Nokho, kungabangela imiphumela engemihle efana nokukhuluphala, ukozela, nezinkinga zokunyakaza. Ukubonana nodokotela okuvamile kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe ukuqhubeka kwakho futhi ulungise umthamo uma kudingeka. Iphrofayili yokuphepha yomuthi ibekezelelwa kahle, iziguli eziningi ziba nemiphumela engemihle emaphakathi kuya komaphakathi.

2. Kungani i-risperidone ithathwa ebusuku?

I-Risperidone ithathwa ebusuku ngoba ingabangela ukozela. Ukuyithatha ngaphambi kokulala kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuwa futhi kunciphisa ubuthongo basemini. Lesi sikhathi siphinde sivumele umuthi ukuthi ufinyelele ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokulala, okungenzeka ukuthi uthuthukise izinzuzo zawo zizonke.

3. Kwenzekani uma uyeka i-risperidone?

Ukumisa kungazelelwe i-risperidone kungaholela ezimpawini zokuhoxa kanye nokubuya kwesimo ebiyelapha. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukujuluka, nobunzima bokulala. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyeka i-risperidone.

4. Ingabe i-risperidone ilungele ukukhathazeka?

Nakuba i-risperidone ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezinjenge-schizophrenia ne-bipolar disorder, ingaba nezinzuzo ezithile zokukhathazeka. Nokho, ngokuvamile akuyona indlela yokwelapha yomugqa wokuqala yezinkinga zokukhathazeka. Ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi kungasiza uma isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana neminye imithi ezimweni zokukhathazeka okukhulu.

5. Ingabe i-risperidone ingabangela ukukhuluphala?

Yebo, i-risperidone ingabangela ukukhuluphala. Iziguli eziningi zithola ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla kanye nokuzuza kwesisindo esilandelayo ngenkathi zithatha lo muthi. I-quantum yesisindo ingahluka phakathi kwabantu. 

6. Ingabe i-risperidone ikwenza ulale?

I-Risperidone ingabangela ubuthongo noma ukozela. Lona omunye wemiphumela emibi evamile yomuthi. Ukozela kuvame ukugqama kakhulu lapho uqala umuthi noma ngemva kokwenyuka komthamo. Ukuthatha i-risperidone ebusuku kungasiza ukuphatha lo mphumela ohlangothini futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokulala kwezinye iziguli.