I-Salbutamol

I-Salbutamol

I-Salbutamol, i-bronchodilator esetshenziswa kakhulu, iyindlela yokwelapha ebalulekile ezimeni zokuphefumula njengesifuba somoya kanye ne-asthma isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD). Lo muthi uthinta izimpilo zabantu abaningi, unikeza impumuzo esheshayo ebunzimeni bokuphefumula futhi uthuthukise izinga lempilo iyonke.

Iyini iSalbutamol?

I-Salbutamol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-albuterol e-United States, umuthi othinta izigidi zabantu abanezimo zokuphefumula. Ingokwesigaba sama-adrenergic agonists e-beta-2 asebenza isikhathi esifushane futhi iyi-bronchodilator esebenza ngokushesha kanye nemithi yokudambisa.

Lo muthi usebenza ngokuphumula nokuvula imigudu yokuphefumula, okwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Ikhulula kakhulu izimpawu ezifana isifuba, ukukhwehlela, ukuqina kwesifuba, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya kubantu abanesifuba somoya kanye ne-COPD, okuhlanganisa i-bronchitis engapheli kanye ne-emphysema.

Ukusetshenziswa kweSalbutamol

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamaphilisi e-salbutamol kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuphathwa Kwesifuba Somoya: I-Salbutamol isiza ukukhulula izimpawu ezihlobene ne-asthma, njenge:
  • Ukushaya
  • Ukushisa
  • Ukuphefumula
• Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD: Kubantu abanesifo se-chronic obstructive pulmonary, amaphilisi e-salbutamol anikeza ukukhululeka ezimpawu ezifanayo, ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wokuphefumula jikelele.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-Salbutamol Tablets?

I-Salbutamol iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene- ama-inhalers, amaphilisi, amaphilisi noma isiraphu. Ithebhulethi yeSalbutamol iyimithi esebenzayo yokuphatha izifo zokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa i-COPD nesifuba somoya. Ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela emihle, landela ngokucophelela umthamo obekiwe we-salbutamol kanye nemiyalelo yokusetshenziswa, njengokuthi:

• Thatha ithebhulethi ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele.
• Gweba ithebhulethi yonke; ungayichobozi, uyihlafune, noma uyiphule.
• Landela uhlelo lomthamo onqunyiwe ngokungaguquki.
• Uma uphuthelwe umthamo, thatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula. Uma uyikhumbula ngesikhathi esihlelelwe umthamo olandelayo, yeqa ogejiwe bese uthatha olandelayo.
• Amaphilisi e-Salbutamol ngokuvamile athathwa izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezine nsuku zonke ukuze kugcinwe amazinga emithi angaguquki emzimbeni futhi ahlukanise imithamo ngokulinganayo usuku lonke. Isibonelo, uma uthatha umuthi kathathu ngosuku, umuntu angase awuphuze ekuseni, ntambama nakusihlwa.
• Ukuze usebenzise i-salbutamol inhaler, bamba i-inhaler iqonde, beka umlomo phakathi kwezindebe, uphefumule ngokujulile, ubambe umoya cishe imizuzwana eyi-10 ngemva kokuhogela, bese uphinda inqubo uma kunqunywa ukudonsa okwesibili.

Imiphumela emibi yeSalbutamol 

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-salbutamol ihlanganisa:

• Ukuthuthumela, ikakhulukazi ezandleni
• Ukucindezeleka kwemizwa
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okubonakala kungazelelwe (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)
• Ama-cramp muscle
• Ukuzizwa uyaqhaqhazela

Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-cardiac arrhythmia)
• ongaphakeme i-potassium amazinga egazi (hypokalemia)
• Ukwenyuka kokugeleza kwegazi kuya emaphethelweni (i-peripheral dilatation)
• Izinguquko emaphethini okulala
• Izinguquko ekuziphatheni, njengokungaphumuli nokujabula
• Ukungezwani kwemisipha

Ukuqapha

I-Salbutamol, ngenkathi isebenza ekwelapheni izimo zokuphefumula, idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kanye nokuqapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-salbutamol okuphephile. Iziguli kufanele ziqaphele izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngalo muthi.

Abantu akufanele basebenzise i-salbutamol uma:

• Ingabe i-allergic ku-salbutamol noma yiziphi izithako zayo
• Ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa (ngaphandle uma kugunyazwe udokotela)
• Ingabe ibele (ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene udokotela)
• Izinkinga zangaphambilini ngemithi ye-asthma
• Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-salbutamol, iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo nganoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona, kuhlanganise:
  • I-thyroid engasebenzi ngokweqile (thyrotooticosis)
  • Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
  • Umlando wesifo senhliziyo, i-angina, noma isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
  • Izinkinga zesibindi noma izinso
  • Isimila eduze kwezinso (phaeochromocytoma)
  • Amazinga aphansi e-potassium egazini
  • Diabetes
  • I-Aneurysm (ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuleka komthambo wegazi
• Iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo ngokuhlinzwa okuzayo okudinga i-anesthesia jikelele.

Isebenza kanjani ithebhulethi yeSalbutamol

I-Salbutamol imithi enomthelela omkhulu ekulawuleni izimo zokuphefumula njengesifuba somoya kanye nesifo se-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Le bronchodilator isebenza ngokuphumuza imisipha ebushelelezi emigwaqweni yomoya, okwenza ukuphefumula kube lula kulabo abanezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Indlela yokusebenza ye-salbutamol ibandakanya ukuvuselela ama-beta-2 adrenergic receptors emisipha ye-bronchial. Lawa ma-receptors akhona ngamanani amakhulu kuwo wonke umgudu wokuphefumula. Lapho umuthi we-salbutamol ubophezela kulawa ma-receptors, udala i-cascade yemicimbi ye-intracellular egcina iholela ku-bronchodilation.

Ngingathatha I-Salbutamol Ngeminye Imithi?

I-Salbutamol, ngenkathi iphumelela ekulawuleni izimo zokuphefumula, ingasebenzisana nemithi ehlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukwazisa odokotela ngayo yonke imithi eqhubekayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi kadokotela, imikhiqizo ethengiswa ezitolo, amavithamini, nezithako zemithi.

Lokhu okulandelayo ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okubalulekile:

• Ama-Antidepressants: Imithi ethile yokucindezeleka, kuhlanganise ne-moclobemide, i-phenelzine, i-amitriptyline, ne-imipramine, ingase ihlanganyele ne-salbutamol.
• Imithi Yokucindezela Kwegazi: Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-atenolol noma i-propranolol zingase zihlanganyele ne-salbutamol.
• I-Corticosteroids: Imithi efana ne-beclometasone dipropionate (esetshenziselwa i-asthma) ingase ihlanganyele ne-salbutamol.
• I-Diuretics: Amaphilisi amanzi afana ne-furosemide angaxhumana ne-salbutamol.
• Izinzwa Ezivamile: Amanye ama-anesthetics angase ahlanganyele ne-salbutamol, okungase kubangele izinkinga zenhliziyo nokunciphisa umfutho wegazi.
• Imithi Yesigqi Senhliziyo: I-Digoxin neminye imithi elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo ingasebenzisana ne-salbutamol.
• Eminye Imithi Ye-Asthma: I-Xanthine derivatives efana ne-theophylline ne-aminophylline ingase ihlanganyele ne-salbutamol.

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Izimpawu ze-asthma kanye ne-bronchospasm

I-Salbutamol Inhaler 

Abantu abadala:

• 1-2 ukukhukhumeza njalo emahoreni ama-4, izikhathi ezine (ama-puffs angu-8) emahoreni angama-24 ukuze kukhululeke izimpawu
• Ukukhukhumeza okubili imizuzu engu-15 ngaphambi kokuchayeka ukuvimbela izimpawu ezibangelwa ukujima noma ezibangelwa ukucupha

I-Salbutamol Dry Powder Inhaler (ama-microgram angu-200 umthamo ngamunye)

Abantu abadala, intsha (iminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu), kanye nezingane (iminyaka emi-4 kuye kweyi-11):

• Ukuhogela okukodwa kufika izikhathi ezi-4 ngosuku ukuze kukhululeke izimpawu
• Ukuhogela okukodwa emizuzwini eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15 ngaphambi kokuchayeka ukuvikela izimpawu ezibangelwa ukuvivinya umzimba noma ukucupha

I-Salbutamol Oral Syrup (2 mg/5 ml)

• Abantu abadala (abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18): 5 ml kuya ku-20 ml, izikhathi ezi-4 ngosuku

I-Salbutamol Tablets (2 mg kanye ne-4 mg)

• Abantu abadala: 4 mg 3 noma 4 izikhathi ngosuku (esiphezulu 8 mg kathathu noma kane ngosuku)

Isixazululo se-Salbutamol Respirator (5 mg/ml) sokusetshenziswa kwe-Nebuliser

Ukwelashwa kwezikhawu:

• Abantu abadala kanye nentsha (iminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu): 0.5 ml kuya ku-1 ml (2.5 kuya ku-5 milligram salbutamol), kufika ku-2 ml (10 mg salbutamol) uma kudingeka

I-Bronchospasm Enzima kanye Nesimo Se-Asthmatics

Umjovo weSalbutamol (500 micrograms/ml)

Abantu abadala:

• 500 micrograms (8 micrograms/kg isisindo somzimba) ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma nge-intramuscularly, ephindaphindwa njalo emahoreni ama-4 njengoba kudingekile

Isixazululo seSalbutamol sokufakwa (5 mg/5 ml)

Abantu abadala:

• Ama-micrograms angu-250 (ama-micrograms angu-4/kg isisindo somzimba) ajovwe kancane ngomthambo, aphindwe uma kunesidingo.
• Esimeni se-asthmaticus, amazinga okumnika ama-micrograms amathathu kuya kwamashumi amabili ngomzuzu anele
• Umthamo wokuqala: ama-microgram ama-5 ngomzuzu, alungiswa ngokuya ngempendulo yesiguli

FAQ sika

1. I-salbutamol isetshenziselwa ini ngokuyinhloko?

I-Salbutamol isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhulula izimpawu ze-asthma kanye nesifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvimbela i-pulmonary (COPD). Isebenza ngokuphumuza imisipha yomzila womoya wamaphaphu, okwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Lo muthi usiza ekudambiseni izimpawu ezinjengokuhefuzela, ukukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya, nokuqina kwesifuba kubantu abanalezi zimo zokuphefumula.

2. Ubani okufanele aphuze i-salbutamol?

I-Salbutamol inenzuzo ikakhulukazi ku:

• Abantu abane-asthma
• Abantu abane-COPD, kuhlanganise ne-emphysema
• Labo ababhekene ne-asthma ebangelwa ukuzivocavoca
• Abantu abavezwe yizinto ezibangela isifuba somoya njengama-allergener

3. Ingabe kufanele ngiphuze i-salbutamol nsuku zonke?

I-Salbutamol ayinqunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Idizayinelwe njengendlela yokuhlenga noma i-inhaler yokusiza ukukhululeka kwezimpawu zesikhashana, hhayi ukulawula isifuba somoya esikhathini eside. 

4. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-salbutamol?

I-Salbutamol ayifanele wonke umuntu. Akufanele usebenzise i-salbutamol uma:

• Awuzwani ne-salbutamol noma yiziphi izithako zayo
• Ukhulelwe noma uhlose ukukhulelwa (ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho)
• Uncelisa ibele (ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho)

5. Ngingayimisa i-salbutamol noma kunini?

Akufanelekile ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-salbutamol ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze kanjalo. Ukuyeka i-salbutamol kungazelelwe kungenza izinkinga zakho zokuphefumula zibe zimbi nakakhulu. 

6. Kungani uphuza i-salbutamol ebusuku?

Nakuba i-salbutamol isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengomuthi wokuhlenga wezimpawu ezingazelelwe, odokotela bangase bacebise abanye abantu ukuthi bayisebenzise ebusuku uma behlangabezana nezimpawu zesifuba somoya ebusuku. I-asthma yasebusuku ingaphazamisa ukulala futhi iholele ekukhathaleni emini.

7. Ingabe i-salbutamol ilungele inhliziyo?

Imiphumela ye-Salbutamol enhliziyweni ingaba yinkimbinkimbi. Umthamo ojwayelekile wokwelapha, i-salbutamol ehogeliwe, awuthinti kakhulu uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ngemithamo ephezulu noma imizila ethile yokuphatha, i-salbutamol ingaba nemiphumela yenhliziyo.

8. Ingabe i-salbutamol iphephile ezinso?

Nakuba i-salbutamol ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengephephile, imiphumela yayo ezinso ayibhaliwe kahle njengemiphumela yayo ezinhlelweni zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha alwenzelwe ukufaka iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ulwazi aluhloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka, imiphumela engemihle, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Lolu lwazi aluhloselwe ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi othile kufanelekile, kuphephile, noma kuyasebenza wena noma omunye umuntu. Ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi noma isexwayiso mayelana nomuthi akufanele kuhunyushwe njengesiqinisekiso esicacile esivela enhlanganweni. Sikweluleka ngokuqinile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma kukhona okukukhathazayo ngomuthi futhi ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.