I-Teneligliptin

I-Teneligliptin

I-Teneligliptin iyisidakamizwa esisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo thayipha 2 ngesifo sikashukela. Kungokwesigaba sezidakamizwa ezilwa noshukela ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors noma "gliptin."

Isakhiwo Esiyingqayizivele

I-Teneligliptin inesakhiwo sesizinda esihlukile esimise okwe-J noma esikhiywe ihange, esivumela ukuthi ivimbele i-DPP-4 enzyme. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sithuthukisa amandla ayo kanye nokukhetha ekuqondiseni i-enzyme ye-DPP-4.

Indlela Yokusebenza

I-Teneligliptin iyi-amino acid amide kanye ne-amide esebenza isikhathi eside, i-bioavailable ngomlomo, i-pyrrolidine-based DPP-4 inhibitor. Ikhombisa umsebenzi we-hypoglycemic ngokunyusa amazinga ama-incretin amahomoni afana ne-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-teneligliptin inganciphisa amazinga e-plasma triglyceride ngokukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kwamazinga e-GLP-1.

Ukusetshenziswa kweTeneligliptin

I-Teneligliptin isidakamizwa esinamandla se-antidiabetic esithathwa ngomlomo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko ukuthi ukuphatha nokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amanani azo angaphakathi kwebanga elivamile. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile zomuthi we-teneligliptin:

• Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: I-Teneligliptin ingenye yemishanguzo emisha ye-antidiabetic eklanyelwe ukwelapha abantu abadala noma uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (T2DM). Ithuthukisa ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic ngokuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nokunciphisa amahomoni akhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini, ngaleyo ndlela igweme ingozi ye-hypoglycaemia (ushukela wegazi ophansi) kanye nokuzuza kwesisindo.
• Ukwelapha Ngenhlanganisela: Nakuba i-teneligliptin ingasetshenziswa njenge-monotherapy, ivamise ukunikezwa inhlanganisela nezinye izidakamizwa ze-antidiabetic njenge-metformin. Lapho i-metformin iyodwa yehluleka ukunikeza ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic oyifunayo, odokotela bangeza i-teneligliptin ohlelweni lokwelapha. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela ye-teneligliptin ne-metformin iphumelela kakhulu ekwehliseni Izinga le-HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin). uma kuqhathaniswa ne-metformin ehlanganiswe ne-glimepiride.
• Ukulawula I-Glycemic: I-Teneligliptin ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kangcono ekwehliseni amazinga e-HbA1c uma kuqhathaniswa ne-metformin lapho isetshenziswa njenge-monotherapy ye-T2DM. Isebenza ngokuvimbela i-enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Le enzyme ibangela ukwanda kwamazinga e-incretin amahomoni afana ne-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Le ndlela isiza ukwehlisa izinga lokuzila ukudla kanye namazinga kashukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla, okuholela ekulawuleni okuthuthukisiwe kwe-glycemic ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukukhubazeka Kwezinso: I-Teneligliptin iyinketho ephephile ezigulini ezinokukhubazeka kwezinso noma ngisho nesifo sezinso sokuphela. Ngokungafani neminye imithi eminingi ye-antidiabetic, i-teneligliptin ayidingi ukuguqulwa komthamo ezigulini ezinezinkinga zezinso. Umthamo wansuku zonke ufakazele ukuthi uyasebenza ekuhlinzekeni ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic okuphelele ezigulini ezine-T2DM izinkinga zezinso.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iTeneligliptin?

Odokotela banquma i-tab teneligliptin njengomthamo owodwa ngosuku (OD) ngomlomo ngamanzi ngemva kokudla. Odokotela basikisela ukuthi i-teneligliptin ithathwe kusenesikhathi sosuku. Njengoba umphumela uthatha isikhathi eside unamathuba amancane e-hypoglycemia (ngaphansi kwamazinga ajwayelekile kashukela egazini), ungawuthatha ngokuphepha kusihlwa. I-Teneligliptin ingaba ukukhetha komuthi lapho i-metformin, enye i-antidiabetic yomugqa wokuqala, ingakuniki ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic oyifunayo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, yithole ngemva kwesidlo sasemini.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Teneligliptin

I-Teneligliptin, njengeminye imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi kwabanye abantu. Nakuba imiphumela engemihle eminingi imnene futhi ilawuleka kalula, kubalulekile ukuthi uyiqaphele futhi ubike noma yikuphi ukusabela okunzima noma okuqhubekayo kudokotela wakho. Nayi eminye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ehlobene nomuthi we-teneligliptin:

• bekhanda
• I-Hypoglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophansi)
• Izifo zepheshana lokuphefumula eliphezulu
• I-Nasopharyngitis (ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yamakhala kanye ne-pharynx)
• ukuqunjelwa
• Izimpawu zamathumbu (isb, ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, isifo sohudo)
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ukulunywa

Akuvamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-teneligliptin, okuhlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zezinso: I-Teneligliptin ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abanokukhubazeka kwezinso, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, ingase ibangele izinkinga ezihlobene nezinso. Kutuswa ukuqapha ukusebenza kwezinso.
• Ukungezwani komzimba: I-Teneligliptin kubikwe ukuthi idala ukungezwani kwezinye izimo, njengokuqubuka kwesidakamizwa esiyingozi (ukuqubuka okugcwele) noma ukuqubuka kwe-pruritic maculopapular okujwayelekile (okulumayo, okubomvu, nokuqubuka kwesikhumba).

Ukuqapha

Nakuba i-teneligliptin ivame ukubekezelelwa kahle, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha kungaqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezicatshangelwayo:

• Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwe-hepatic
• I-pancreatitis ye-acute
• I-pituitary noma i-adrenal insufficiency
• Umlando wokuvinjwa kwamathumbu 
• Izimo zenhliziyo, okuhlanganisa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, okusebenzayo noma umlando we-arrhythmia, ukwelulwa kwe-QT, noma i-bradycardia
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile 
• Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa

Isebenza kanjani iTeneligliptin

I-Teneligliptin isidakamizwa esithathwa ngomlomo eseqenjini lezidakamizwa elibizwa ngokuthi i-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Nansi indlela i-teneligliptin esebenza ngayo:

• Ukuvinjwa kwe-DPP-4 Enzyme: I-Teneligliptin ivimbela umsebenzi we-DPP-4 ku-plasma yomuntu kanye nomsebenzi ophindayo we-DPP-4 womuntu ngendlela encike ekugxilweni. I-enzyme ye-DPP-4 iphula amahomoni e-incretin akhululwa ngenxa yokudla, ngaleyo ndlela alawule amazinga kashukela egazini.
• Umphumela we-Incretin: Ama-Incretin amahomoni akhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-insulin kumanyikwe. I-Teneligliptin ithuthukisa i-hyperglycemia (amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini) ngendlela encike ku-glucose ngokwandisa amazinga alawa ma-incretin. Ithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin futhi yehlise amazinga e-glucagon, ekugcineni yehlise izinga lokuzila kanye namazinga kashukela egazini ngemuva kokudla.
• Yehlisa Ukugcinwa Kwe-Glucagon: I-Teneligliptin iphinde icindezele ukukhululwa kwe-hormone ye-glucagon, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose ku-hepatic, futhi kusize ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini.
• Ithuthukisa Ukulawulwa Kwe-Glycemic Kukonke: Ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nokunciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-glucagon, i-teneligliptin isiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela wegazi we-postprandial (ngemuva kokudla). Ithuthukisa ukulawulwa okuphelele kwe-glycemic ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kuzisiza ukuphatha lesi simo ngempumelelo.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Teneligliptin Ngeminye Imithi?

• Inhlanganisela ne-Metformin: Odokotela bavame ukunikeza i-teneligliptin ihlanganiswe ne-metformin, umuthi womugqa wokuqala we-T2DM. Le nhlanganisela itholakale isebenza kangcono ekwehliseni amazinga e-HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) uma iqhathaniswa ne-metformin ehlanganiswe ne-glimepiride, umuthi we-sulfonylurea.
• Inhlanganisela Neminye Imithi Eye-antidiabetic: I-Teneligliptin ingahlanganiswa ne-metformin neminye imithi ye-antidiabetic, njenge-sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, noma i-insulin, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zesiguli kanye nemigomo yokulawula i-glycemic.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha amazinga kashukela wegazi eduze lapho kuhlanganiswa i-teneligliptin nezinye izidakamizwa ze-antidiabetes, njengoba kungase kube khona ubungozi obukhulayo be-hypoglycemia (amazinga aphansi kashukela egazini).

Ulwazi lomthamo

Kubantu abadala, umthamo onconyiwe we-teneligliptin ngu-20 mg kanye ngosuku. Uma lesi sithako sokuqala sibonakala singanele, udokotela angase andise sibe ngu-40 mg kanye ngosuku. I-Teneligliptin kufanele ithathwe ngomlomo ngamanzi, ngaphambi noma ngemva kokudla.

Isiphetho

I-Teneligliptin iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, enikeza ukulawulwa okusebenzayo koshukela wegazi ngephrofayili ephephile yokuphepha. Nakuba inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi imiphumela emihle ivela endleleni ephelele yokulawula isifo sikashukela, okuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kanye nokubonana nodokotela njalo. Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, imiphumela emibi engaba khona nokusebenzisana kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso noma labo abaphuza imithi eminingi. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-teneligliptin ibangela ukukhuluphala?

Cha, i-teneligliptin ithathwa njengomuthi ongathathi hlangothi. Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lubonise ukuthi i-teneligliptin ayibangeli ukuzuza kwesisindo noma ukuncipha okukhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (T2DM). 

2. Ingabe i-teneligliptin ayilungile ezinsweni zakho?

I-Teneligliptin iyisinqumo esiphephile ezigulini ezinokukhubazeka kwezinso noma ngisho nesifo se-renal sokuphela (ESRD). Ngokungafani neminye imithi eminingi ye-antidiabetic, i-teneligliptin ayidingi ukulungiswa komthamo ezigulini ezinezinkinga ezihlobene nezinso. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-teneligliptin inikeza ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic okuphelele ezigulini ze-T2DM ezinezinkinga zezinso ngaphandle koshintsho olukhulu lomthamo.

3. Ingabe amazinga kashukela angehla ngemva kokuthatha i-teneligliptin?

Ingozi ye-Teneligliptin ye-hypoglycemia (amazinga aphansi kashukela egazini) iphansi kuneyamanye imithi yesifo sikashukela, njenge-sulfonylurea noma i-insulin. Kodwa-ke, i-hypoglycemia isengenzeka, ikakhulukazi lapho i-teneligliptin isetshenziswa kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ze-antidiabetic noma kubantu abanokukhubazeka kwezinso. 

4. Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthatha i-teneligliptin?

I-Teneligliptin ingathathwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Kodwa-ke, kuhle ukuyithatha ekuqaleni kosuku, njengoba i-enzyme ye-DPP-4 eyivimbelayo isebenza kakhulu phakathi namahora asemini. Lesi sikhathi singasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwe-teneligliptin ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini.

5. Kunini lapho umuntu akufanele asebenzise i-teneligliptin?

I-Teneligliptin i-contraindicated (akufanele isetshenziswe) ezimweni ezithile, kufaka phakathi:

• I-Hypersensitivity noma ukungezwani komzimba ne-teneligliptin nanoma yiziphi izingxenye zayo
• I-ketosis enzima, uhlobo 1 sikashukela, izifo ezinzima, ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu, noma i-coma yesifo sikashukela
• Iziguli ezinesifo sesibindi esithuthukisiwe noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo eqinile
• Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa 

6. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthatha i-teneligliptin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Kukhona idatha elinganiselwe ngokusetshenziswa kwe-teneligliptin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwezilwane aluzange luveze ubufakazi be-teratogenicity (ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa) noma imiphumela emibi ekukhuleni kwangaphambi kokubeletha noma kwangemva kokubeletha lapho kulawulwa ngesikhathi se-organogenesis (ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho) ngemithamo efana nesilinganiso esiphezulu somtholampilo esinconyiwe. Xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nobuhle nobubi bayo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.