I-Tetracycline

I-Tetracycline

I-Tetracycline, isibulala-magciwane esaziwayo, ibilokhu iyisisekelo ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene zamagciwane kusukela yatholakala. Lo muthi oguquguqukayo ubonakale uphumelela ezimeni eziningi, kusukela kwezinduna kuye kweziyingozi kakhulu izifo zokuphefumula, okwenza kube ukukhetha kodokotela abaningi. Kule bhulogi, ake sihlole izinzuzo ze-tetracycline, imiphumela engemihle, nokusebenzisana. 

Iyini i-Tetracycline?

I-Tetracycline iyi-antibiotic yomndeni we-tetracyclines wemithi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni inqwaba yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. I-Tetracycline yanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi ngo-1953 futhi yagunyazwa ukuthi isetshenziswe njengencwadi kadokotela ngo-1954. Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza lesi sibulala-magciwane lapho amanye ama-antibiotic engasebenzi noma lapho iziguli zingazwani ne-penicillin. Le mithi i-protein synthesis inhibitors, eqondise i-ribosome yebhaktheriya futhi ivimbele ukukhula nokusabalala kwamagciwane.

Ukusetshenziswa kweTetracycline

I-tetracycline, kuhlanganise ne-tetracycline, umagazine, i-minocycline, ne-tigecycline, ikilasi lama-antibiotic abanzi asetshenziselwa ukuphatha nokwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zamagciwane. Lokhu okulandelayo kukhona okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-tetracycline:

Ukutheleleka Ngegciwane

I-Tetracyclines iyasebenza ngokumelene nezifo eziningi zebhaktheriya, kokubili igram-positive kanye negram-negative. Ezinye izifo ezivamile eziphathwa nge-tetracycline zihlanganisa:

• Amagciwane Okuphefumula: I-pneumonia kanye nezinye izifo ze-bacterial respiratory tract
• Izifo Zesikhumba Nezicubu Ezithambile: Izinduna, i-rosacea, i-hidradenitis suppurativa, ne-pyoderma gangrenosum.
• Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: I-Chlamydia kanye ne-syphilis
• Ukutheleleka Kwamathumbu: Isifo sohudo kanye ne-amebiasis
• Ukutheleleka kweZoonotic: I-Brucellosis, i-leptospirosis, i-tularemia, nezifo ze-rickettsial (isb., i-Rocky Mountain spotted fever, i-ehrlichiosis, ne-anaplasmosis)
• Okunye Ukutheleleka: I-Actinomycosis, i-nocardiosis, i-melioidosis, isifo se-Legionnaires, isifo sika-Whipple, kanye ne-Borrelia recurrentis infections.

Izimo Ezingezona Amagciwane

Ngaphandle kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, i-tetracycline ngezinye izikhathi inqunyelwe izimo ezithile ezingezona amagciwane, njenge:

• Izinkinga ze-Autoimmune: rheumatoid arthritisi-scleroderma, i-sarcoidosis.
• Izimo ze-Dermatological: I-Bullous dermatoses, i-Sweet syndrome, i-pityriasis lichenoides chronica kanye ne-panniculitis.
• Ezinye Izimo: I-Kaposi sarcoma, ukushoda kwe-a1-antitrypsin, kanye nezifo zenhliziyo (i-aortic aneurysm yesisu kanye ne-acute myocardial infarction).

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iTetracycline

Kufanele kuthathwe ngengilazi egcwele (ama-ounces ayisishiyagalombili) amanzi ukuvimbela ukucasuka kwesisu kanye nepayipi lokudla noma i-esophagus. Yishubhu phakathi komphimbo nesisu) noma isisu. 

Ama-tetracycline amaningi, ngaphandle kwe-doxycycline ne-minocycline, angcono kakhulu aphuzwe esiswini esingenalutho. Ungathatha lesi sidakamizwa ihora elilodwa ngaphambi noma amahora amabili ngemva kokudla. Kodwa-ke, uma umuthi uphazamisa isisu sakho, udokotela wakho angase ancoma ukuwuthatha nokudla.

Imiphumela Emibi Yethebhulethi ye-Tetracycline

Njengemithi eminingi, i-tetracycline ingabangela imiphumela emibi, kuhlanganise:

Izinkinga zesisu

• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Uhudo
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Ukungakhululeki esiswini
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Ulimi olumnyama olunoboya
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukungakhululeki kwe-rectal
• isiyezi
• bekhanda

Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu: Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uba nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi elandelayo:

• Ukushintsha umbala kwezinzipho
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubunzima noma ukugwinya okubuhlungu
• Izimpawu zezinkinga zezinso (ukushintsha inani lomchamo)
• Ukushintsha umbala kwezinyo elinsundu noma elimpunga
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukushoshozela ezandleni noma ezinyaweni
• Ukukhathala okungavamile
• Izimpawu ezintsha zokutheleleka (umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo, umkhuhlane, amakhaza)
• Izinguquko zokuzwa (ukukhala ezindlebeni, ukuncipha kokuzwa)
• Ukulimala kalula noma ukopha
• Izimpawu zesifo sesibindi (ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba, umchamo omnyama)
• I-Tetracycline ingase ibangele ukucindezelwa okwengeziwe eduze kobuchopho (intracranial hypertension-IH). 
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamathumbu okubangelwa ibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) kungenzeka phakathi noma amasonto kuya ezinyangeni ngemva kokwelashwa.
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside noma okuphindaphindiwe kwe-tetracycline kungabangela i-thrush yomlomo noma ukutheleleka kwemvubelo (ukutheleleka kwefungal ngomlomo noma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane)
• Nakuba kungavamile, ukusabela okukhulu kwe-allergic ku-tetracycline kungenzeka.

Ukuqapha

Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha ngenkathi usebenzisa i-tetracycline kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphephile nokusebenza ngempumelelo. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile:

• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili akufanele ziphuze i-tetracycline, ngoba ingabangela ukuguga kwamazinyo unomphela futhi kuthinte ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwamathambo.
• Ukusebenzisa i-tetracycline ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungalimaza umntwana esibelethweni noma kubangele ukuguquguquka kwamazinyo unomphela kamuva ekuphileni komntwana. 
• I-tetracycline idlulela obisini lwebele futhi ithinte ukukhula kwamathambo namazinyo enganeni esancela. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ungathathi le mithi ngenkathi uncelisa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.
• Ungayisebenzisi i-tetracycline uma ungezwani nayo noma ama-antibiotic afanayo, njenge-demeclocycline, i-doxycycline, i-minocycline, noma i-tigecycline.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unesifo sesibindi noma sezinso, njengoba i-tetracycline ingase idinge ukulungiswa noma igwenywe ezimweni ezinjalo.
• Zivikele ekuchayekeni ngokweqile elangeni noma emisebeni yokwenziwa ye-ultraviolet (amalambu elanga noma imibhede yokushuka) ngenkathi uthatha i-tetracycline, njengoba ingenza isikhumba sakho sizwele kakhulu, okungase kuholele ekushisweni yilanga.
• Uma kufanele uphume elangeni, sebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF engu-15 noma ngaphezulu futhi ugqoke izingubo zokuzivikela, okuhlanganisa nesigqoko nezibuko.
• Gwema ukuchayeka elangeni; ngemva kokumisa i-tetracycline, ungase ukwazi ukuzwela kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga noma amalambu elanga amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni. Uma ubhekana nokusabela okunzima, thintana nodokotela wakho.
• I-Tetracycline inganciphisa ukusebenza kwe amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo. 
• Ungathathi i-tetracycline ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwelebula, njengoba i-tetracycline ephelelwe yisikhathi ingabangela isifo esiyingozi esiholela ekulimaleni kwezinso.

Indlela I-Tetracycline Esebenza Ngayo

I-Tetracycline iyi-antibiotic ye-bacteriostatic evimbela ukukhula nokuphindaphinda kwamagciwane ngaphandle kokubulala amagciwane ngokuqondile. Indlela yayo yokusebenza izungeza ukuphazamisa ukwakheka kwamaprotheni ngaphakathi kwamaseli ebhaktheriya.

I-Tetracycline ivimbela ngokuqondile i-30S ribosomal subunit, ivimbele ukuboshwa kwe-aminoacyl-tRNA kusayithi elamukelayo (A) kunxakinye ye-mRNA-ribosome. Uma le nqubo ima, iseli lebhaktheriya alisakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kahle futhi ngeke likwazi ukukhula noma ukuphindaphinda ukuphindaphinda. Lolu hlobo lokukhubazeka nge-tetracycline lwenza kube yi-bacteriostatic.

I-Tetracycline ingase futhi iguqule ulwelwesi lwe-cytoplasmic lwamabhaktheriya, okubangela ukuvuza kokuqukethwe okukhona kumaseli ebhaktheriya, njengama-nucleotides, kusuka kuseli.

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Tetracycline Neminye Imithi?

I-Tetracycline ingase ihlanganyele nemithi ehlukahlukene egunyaziwe, i-nutraceuticals, ngisho nezinto ezingekho emthethweni, njenge:

Ukusebenzisana Kwezidakamizwa: I-Tetracycline ingasebenzisana nemithi eminingi, okuholela emazingeni e-serum ashintshiwe noma amazinga okuphuma. Okunye ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okuphawulekayo kufaka:

• Abacavir
• Abametapir
• Abemaciclib, Acalabrutinib
• I-Acamprosate

Ukusebenzisana kokudla: Ukucatshangelwa okuthile kokudla kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho uthatha i-tetracycline:

• Gwema ukudla ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi, njengoba kungaphazamisa ukumuncwa nempumelelo kwe-tetracycline.
• Thatha i-tetracycline esiswini esingenalutho okungenani ihora ngaphambi noma amahora ama-2 ngemva kokudla.
• Sebenzisa i-tetracycline ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele ukuvimbela ukucasuka komminzo noma isisu.

Ukusebenzisana Kwezifo: I-Tetracycline ingase ihlanganyele nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha, ezingase zibe zimbi noma zibe nzima ukuphatha kwazo. 

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Umthamo ofanele we-tetracycline uyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto eziningi, njengeminyaka yesiguli, isisindo, isimo sezempilo, kanye nohlobo lokutheleleka. Nansi eminye imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile yokuthasiswa kwe-tetracycline:

Abantu abadala

Ezifweni eziningi zebhaktheriya kubantu abadala, umthamo ojwayelekile we-tetracycline ngu:

• 500 mg ngomlomo njalo emahoreni angu-6, noma
• 1000 mg ngomlomo njalo emahoreni ayi-12

Isiphetho

Ama-antibiotic e-Tetracycline abe yitshe lesisekelo ekulweni nokutheleleka kwamagciwane amashumi eminyaka. Ukusebenza kwawo okubanzi nokuguquguquka ekwelapheni izimo ezihlukahlukene kubenze bakhetha odokotela. Ukusuka kwezinduna kuya ezifweni zokuphefumula, amaphilisi e-tetracycline afakazele ukufaneleka kwawo kaninginingi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lawa ma-antibiotic anamandla eza nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona kanye nokusebenzisana okudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe i-tetracycline iphephile?

I-Tetracycline ngokuvamile iphephile uma ithathwa njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela. Nokho, kungabangela imiphumela engemihle, eminye yayo ingase ibe mibi kakhulu. Imiphumela emibi evamile yizimo zesisu, njengesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, kanye ukungakhululeki kwesisu. Kuyaqabukela, i-tetracycline ingabangela i-hepatotoxicity (ukulimala kwesibindi) futhi yandise ukwehluleka kwezinso okwakuvele zikhona ngaphambili (izinkinga zezinso).

2. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

Uma kwenzeka ukweqisa kwe-tetracycline, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kuyadingeka. Imithamo ephezulu ye-tetracycline ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi kanye nemiphumela engase ibe yingozi. 

3. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-tetracycline, yiphuze ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma sekusondele isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe, qhubeka nokudosa kwakho okujwayelekile. Ungawuphindi umthamo ukuze uvale ongagejiwe.

4. Ingabe i-tetracycline ingayelapha i-UTI?

Yebo, i-tetracycline ingakwazi ukwelapha ngempumelelo izifo ze-urinary tract infections (UTIs). Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi umthamo owodwa wamagremu angu-2 we-tetracycline welapha u-75% wabesifazane abane-UTI ebhaliwe, uma kuqhathaniswa nempumelelo yohlobo lwe-tetracycline yemithamo eminingi (isilinganiso sokwelapha esingu-94%) futhi esingcono kancane kunomthamo owodwa we-amoxicillin (isilinganiso sokwelapha esingu-54%).