Theophylline

Theophylline

I-Theophylline, umuthi womlomo usiza ukuphatha isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD) nezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula. Amaphilisi e-Theophylline anikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa kwawo okufanele kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona.

Kule bhulogi, sizohlola ukungena nokuphuma kokusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi ye-theophylline, indlela yokuyithatha ngokuphepha, kanye nemiphi imiphumela emibi okufanele uyiqaphele. 

Iyini i-Theophylline?

I-Theophylline, noma i-1,3-dimethylxanthine, umuthi onamandla osetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula. Kungokwesigaba sezidakamizwa ezibizwa nge-xanthines, ezifana namakhemikhali afana ne-caffeine ne-theobromine. I-Theophylline inomlando omude ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha, kusukela ngo-1895, lapho ikhishwa okokuqala futhi yahlanganiswa. Ekuqaleni, odokotela babeyisebenzisa njenge-diuretic. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1922, odokotela bathola umphumela wayo we-bronchodilator, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo emtholampilo ekwelapheni isifuba somoya.

Ukusetshenziswa kweTheophylline Tablet

Amaphilisi e-Theophylline anomthelela omkhulu ekwelapheni izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula. Odokotela banikeza lo muthi ukuvimbela nokwelapha isifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, futhi ukuqina kwesifuba kubangelwa izifo zokuphefumula (i-bronchitis engapheli, isifuba somoya, i-emphysema, nezinye izifo zamaphaphu). Iphumuza futhi ivule imigudu yokuphefumula emaphashini, yenza ukuphefumula kube lula ezigulini.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesidakamizwa i-theophylline ukulawula izimpawu zesifuba somoya nezinye izifo zamaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi azilahli lezi zimo. Iziguli kudingeka ziqhubeke nokuthatha i-theophylline ngisho noma zizwa kahle. Akufanele bayeke ukuphuza imithi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wabo.

Indlela yokusebenzisa iTheophylline Tablet

Odokotela banikeza amaphilisi e-theophylline ukwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula. Nazi iziqondiso ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa amaphilisi e-theophylline:

• Thatha umuthi njengoba uqondiswe ngudokotela. Ungathathi ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwalokho okunqunyiwe.
• Gcina izinga legazi elingaguquki lomuthi ngokuwuphuza ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye. Kuyasiza ukugcina inani lesidakamizwa i-theophylline egazini lingashintshi.
• Thatha amaphilisi akhululiwe noma amaphilisi njalo ekuseni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Umthamo wesibili, uma unqunyiwe, kufanele uphuzwe emahoreni ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12 ngemuva komthamo wasekuseni nangaphambi kokudla kwakusihlwa ngaphandle uma eyalwe ngudokotela ngenye indlela.
• Gwema amaphilisi okukhishwa okunwetshiwe ephelele. Ungayiphuli, ungayichobozi noma uyihlafune.
• Ungathatha amaphilisi akhululiwe ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha amaphilisi akhululiwe isikhathi eside ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokudla okunamafutha amaningi noma ngaphandle kokudla kungcono kakhulu.
• Sebenzisa inkomishi yomuthi ephawuliwe noma isipuni sokulinganisa ukuze uqinisekise umthamo onembile wokwenziwa koketshezi ngomlomo. 
• Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, thatha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, uma cishe sekuyisikhathi sedosi elandelayo, yeqa umthamo futhi ubuyele ohlelweni oluvamile lokudosa. Ungasebenzisi imithamo ephindwe kabili.
• Umthamo uncike ezicini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimo zezokwelapha, impendulo yokwelashwa, ubudala, isisindo, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu (amazinga egazi e-theophylline), neminye imithi eqhubekayo.
• Yazisa udokotela mayelana nazo zonke izidakamizwa eziqhubekayo, izidakamizwa ezingagunyaziwe, nemikhiqizo yamakhambi.
• Udokotela angase aqale ngomthamo omncane futhi kancane kancane awandise ukuze anciphise amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi. Landela le miyalo ngokucophelela.
• Ukudla okukhethekile (amaprotheni amaningi/ama-carbohydrate aphansi noma ama-carbohydrate amaningi/amaprotheni aphansi) kungase kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kwe-theophylline. Yazisa udokotela nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ezibalulekile ekudleni, njengoba kungase kudingeke ukulungiswa kwemithamo.
• Qhubeka uphuza imithi noma ngabe uzizwa kahle. Ungakhulisi umthamo; thatha kaningi, noma uyeke ukuyithatha ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kuqala.

Imiphumela Emibi yeTheophylline Tablet

Imiphumela emibi evamile yamaphilisi e-theophylline ihlanganisa:

• bekhanda
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukuphumula
• Ukwanda kwe-asidi esiswini
• Ukungalali noma inkinga yokulala
• Ukwanda komthamo womchamo

Okulandelayo imiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki
• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
• Ukuphelelwa amandla
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile (okusheshayo, okunensayo, noma ukushaya ngamandla)
• Ukuhlanza okungapheli
• ukuquleka
• Ukuthuthumela (Shakiness)

Ukuqapha

• Iziguli ezithatha umuthi i-theophylline kufanele ziqaphele futhi zilandele imihlahlandlela ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ephephile nephumelelayo. Ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi phakathi namasonto okuqala okwelashwa. Lokhu kuvakasha kuvame ukufaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuqashwe noma yimiphi imiphumela engadingeki kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi uhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga lokwelapha.
• Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ekuziphatheni noma ekuphileni kahle ngokomzimba, njengoba lokhu kungathinta indlela i-theophylline esebenza ngayo emzimbeni. Iziguli kufanele zibike:
  • Fever ye-102 degrees F noma ngaphezulu ehlala amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu
  • Ukuqala noma ukuyeka ukubhema ugwayi noma insangu
  • Ukuqala noma ukuyeka eminye imithi
  • Izinguquko zakamuva ekudleni
• Iziguli kufanele ziyeke ukusebenzisa i-theophylline futhi zifune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma zithola isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza okungapheli, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukuquleka, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungashintshi umthamo noma uyeke ukuphuza umuthi we-theophylline ngaphandle kokubonana nodokotela kuqala.
• Iziguli ezinezimo ezithile zesistimu, njenge:
  • Ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo 
  • I-cystic fibrosis
  • Izilonda ze-Peptic
  • Izinkinga zesibindi
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • ukuquleka

• Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, iziguli kufanele zazise uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ophethe mayelana nokusebenzisa kwazo i-theophylline, njengoba kungase kuthinte imiphumela ethile yokuhlolwa.
• I-Theophylline ingaba nomthelela ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi (CNS) futhi ingathuthukisa imiphumela evuselelayo yokudla okune-caffeine neziphuzo. Ngesikhathi sisebenzisa le mithi, iziguli kufanele zigweme ukudla ushokoledi, ukhokho, itiye, ikhofi, neziphuzo ze-cola. Kungcono ukubonana nodokotela uma ungaqiniseki ngemikhawulo yokudla.

Isebenza kanjani iTheophylline Tablet

Amaphilisi e-Theophylline athinta kakhulu isimiso sokuphefumula, esiza iziguli ziphefumule kalula. I-Theophylline isebenza ngokuphumuza imisipha ebushelelezi ye-bronchial airways kanye nemithambo yegazi yamaphaphu.

Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zindlela ezihlukahlukene, i-theophylline iphatha ngempumelelo isifuba somoya kanye ne-COPD. Ivula imigudu yokuphefumula yamaphaphu, yehlise ukuvuvukala, futhi iguqule ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba, yenze ukuphefumula kube lula ezigulini. 

Ngingayithatha I-Theophylline Neminye Imithi?

I-Theophylline inomthelela emithini eminingi eminingi, futhi iziguli zidinga ukuqapha lapho ziyihlanganisa nezinye izidakamizwa. Eminye yemithi evamile esebenzisana ne-theophylline ihlanganisa:

• antidepressant
• Imithi yenhliziyo
• I-Cimetidine
• I-Ciprofloxacin
• I-Erythromycin
• Imithi yesisu
• I-Methotrexate
• Ukudambisa izinhlungu: I-Aspirin Amandla Aphansi kanye ne-acetaminophen
• Imithi yokuphefumula

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-45 kg, umthamo wokuqala wokunakekela isifuba somoya ngokuvamile ngu-300 mg nsuku zonke, uhlukaniswe ngemithamo ethathwa njalo emahoreni ayisi-6 kuye kwayi-8. 

Izingane kanye nentsha enesisindo esingaphansi kwama-45 kg bathola umthamo ngokusekelwe esisindweni sabo. Umthamo wokuqala uvamise ukuba ngu-12 kuye ku-14 mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba ngosuku, ihlukaniswe futhi inikezwe njalo emahoreni ama-4 kuye kwayi-6. 

FAQ sika

1. I-theophylline isetshenziselwa ini ngokuyinhloko?

I-Theophylline isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha izimo zokuphefumula ezivimbela imigudu yokuphefumula, njengesifuba somoya, i-bronchitis engapheli, ne-emphysema. Kuyasiza ukuvikela nokwelapha izimpawu ezinjengokushaywa umoya, ukuphelelwa umoya, nokuqina kwesifuba. 

2. Ubani okufanele aphuze i-theophylline?

Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza i-theophylline kubantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi labo abanesifuba somoya kanye nesifo esingelapheki esivimbela amaphaphu (COPD). Kuvame ukutuswa ezigulini izimpawu zazo ezingalawulwa ngokwanele ngeminye imithi noma lezo ezibhekana nokwanda kwezimo zazo zokuphefumula. 

3. Ingabe kufanele ngiphuze i-theophylline nsuku zonke?

Yebo, i-theophylline kufanele ithathwe nsuku zonke njengoba kunqunywe udokotela. Kuwumuthi wesikhathi eside olawula izimpawu zesifuba somoya nezinye izifo zamaphaphu kodwa ungazelaphi.

4. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-theophylline?

Amaqembu amaningana abantu kufanele aqaphele noma agweme ukuthatha i-theophylline:

• Labo abane-hypersensitivity ku-theophylline noma iyiphi ingxenye yokwakheka kwayo
• Iziguli ezine-coronary artery disease
• Abantu abanesifo se-peptic ulcer
• Abantu abanezinkinga zokuquleka
• Iziguli ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu kwesibindi
• Labo abanezimo ezithile zenhliziyo, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile

5. Ngingakwazi yini ukumisa i-theophylline noma nini?

Cha, iziguli akufanele ziyeke ukuthatha i-theophylline ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wazo. Ukumisa umuthi kungazelelwe kungaholela ekwenyukeni kwezimpawu, okuhlanganisa ukuphefumula kanzima, okungase kubulale. 

6. Ingabe i-theophylline iyi-anticholinergic?

Cha, i-theophylline ayiyona i-anticholinergic. Kungokwesigaba sezidakamizwa ezibizwa nge-methylxanthines. Ngokungafani nama-anticholinergics, avimbela isenzo se-acetylcholine, indlela yokusebenza ye-theophylline ihlanganisa ukuvimbela ama-enzyme e-phosphodiesterase kanye nama-antagonizing adenosine receptors.

7. Kungani uthatha i-theophylline ebusuku?

Isikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-theophylline sincike ekubunjweni okuqondile kanye nezidingo zesiguli. Amanye amafomu okukhishwa okunwetshiwe adizayinelwe ukudoswa kanye ngosuku, okungahle kumiselwe ukusetshenziswa ebusuku. Ukuthatha i-theophylline ebusuku kungasiza ekugcineni amazinga okwelapha ubusuku bonke nasekuseni kakhulu amahora lapho izimpawu zesifuba somoya ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha alwenzelwe ukufaka iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ulwazi aluhloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka, imiphumela engemihle, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Lolu lwazi aluhloselwe ukuphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi othile kufanelekile, kuphephile, noma kuyasebenza wena noma omunye umuntu. Ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi noma isexwayiso mayelana nomuthi akufanele kuhunyushwe njengesiqinisekiso esicacile esivela enhlanganweni. Sikweluleka ngokuqinile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma kukhona okukukhathazayo ngomuthi futhi ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.