I-Ticagrelor

I-Ticagrelor

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo futhi imivimbo ivame ukwenzeka lapho amahlule egazi evimba imithambo yegazi ebalulekile. I-Ticagrelor imelela njengenye yemithi ephumelela kakhulu odokotela abayinikeza ukuvimbela lezi zenzakalo ezisongela ukuphila kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uchaza konke iziguli ezidinga ukukwazi ngalesi sidakamizwa, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwe-ticagrelor, ukuphathwa okufanele, nokucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuphepha.

Iyini i-Ticagrelor?

I-Ticagrelor iyimithi ye-antiplatelet kadokotela kuphela esiza ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ayingozi kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo. Ingokwesigaba esiyingqayizivele semithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-cyclo pentyl triazolo pyrimidine (CPTP), okwenza ihluke kweminye imithi yokunciphisa igazi.

Nakhu okwenza umuthi we-ticagrelor uhluke:

• Isebenza ngokuqondile futhi ayidingi ukuguqulwa ngumzimba
• Iqala ukusebenza phakathi nemizuzu engama-30 yokuthatha umthamo wokuqala
• Yakha isibopho esibuyisela emuva ngamaplatelet egazi
• Ingathathwa ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla

I-Ticagrelor Isebenzisa

I-Ticagrelor isetshenziselwa:

• Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokufa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nokushaywa unhlangothi ezigulini ezihlushwa yi-acute coronary syndrome noma lezo ezinomlando wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ezigulini ezithole ama-coronary stents ngesikhathi sokwelashwa
• Ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo yokuqala noma unhlangothi kubantu abanesifo se-coronary artery abasengozini enkulu
• Ukulawula ubungozi behlule legazi ezigulini ezibhekene ne-stroke emaphakathi noma emaphakathi noma i-ischemic yesikhashana (i-mini-stroke)

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Ticagrelor Tablets

Ukuze uthole ukuphathwa okujwayelekile, iziguli kufanele zigwinye ithebhulethi yonke. Nokho, kulabo abanenkinga yokugwinya, zikhona ezinye izindlela. Ithebhulethi ingachotshozwa futhi ihlanganiswe namanzi bese igwinywa ngokushesha. Ngemva kokuphuza ingxube, iziguli kufanele zigcwalise futhi ingilazi ngamanzi, zinyakaze, futhi ziphuze futhi ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi zithola umthamo ogcwele.

Imihlahlandlela yokuphatha ebalulekile:

• Thatha imithamo ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke, ngokuvamile ekuseni nakusihlwa
• Sebenzisa ne-aspirin enqunyiwe (i-75-100 mg umthamo wokulungisa nsuku zonke)
• Ungalokothi uyithathe ngenye i-P2Y12 platelet inhibitor yomlomo
• Kulabo abasebenzisa amashubhu okuncelisa, amaphilisi achotshoziwe angasetshenziswa ngeshubhu le-nasogastric

I-Ticagrelor Side Effects 

Imiphumela engemihle evamile iziguli ezingase zibe nayo ihlanganisa:

• Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqala
• Ukwanda ukopha kanye nemihuzuko
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni noma izinsini ezophayo
• Ukujiya kwegazi kancane uma kwenzeka ukusikeka noma ukulimala
• Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa unekhanda elilula
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• Ukuphatheka kabi kwesisu

Imiphumela Emibi Kakhulu: 

• Ukopha okungajwayelekile okungapheli
• Igazi emcimbini noma indle
• Izinwele ezinzima
• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njengokuqubuka noma ukuvuvukala

Ukuqapha

Iziguli nodokotela kufanele bahlole ngokucophelela izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokuqala le mithi.

Izexwayiso Ezibalulekile Zengozi Yokopha:

• Iziguli ezinezimo ezisebenzayo zokuphuma kwegazi akufanele zithathe i-ticagrelor
• Labo abanomlando wokopha ebuchosheni abakwazi ukusebenzisa lo muthi
• Abantu abahlela ukuhlinzwa kwe-heart bypass akufanele baqale i-ticagrelor
• Abantu abanezinkinga ezinzima zesibindi akufanele basebenzise i-ticagrelor

Ukwelashwa Nezinqubo: Ngezinqubo zokuhlinzwa, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi wamazinyo, iziguli zidinga ukuyeka ukuthatha i-ticagrelor okungenani izinsuku ezingu-5 ngaphambi kosuku oluhleliwe. Lesi sikhathi sivumela umuthi ukuthi usule ohlelweni futhi unciphise izingozi zokopha ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Iziguli ezithatha i-ticagrelor kufanele zigweme imisebenzi eyandisa ingozi yokulimala. Kudingeka baqikelele kakhulu lapho beshefa noma bexubha amazinyo. 

Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abesifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa, abakhulelwe, noma abancelisayo kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokudla lo muthi.

Indlela Ithebhulethi ye-Ticagrelor Esebenza ngayo

Umuthi ungowomndeni ohlukile wezidakamizwa ezibizwa nge-cyclopenyl triazolo pyrimidines (CPTP). Izici ezibalulekile zendlela yokusebenza ye-ticagrelor:

• Ibophezela ngokubuyela emuva kuma-platelet receptors, okuvumela ukululama ngokushesha uma kudingeka
• Iqala ukusebenza kungakapheli amahora angu-1.5-3.0 ngemva kokuthatha ithebhulethi
• Igcina umphumela wayo cishe amahora ayi-12
• Isebenza ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokudinga umzimba ukuze uyiguqule ibe ifomu elisebenzayo
• Ingakhuphula amazinga e-adenosine anenzuzo egazini

Ngingakwazi Ukuthatha I-Ticagrelor Ngeminye Imithi?

Ukusebenzisana kwemithi kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela lapho uthatha i-ticagrelor. Izinhlanganisela zezidakamizwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzigweme:

• Ama-anticoagulants athile akhulisa ingozi yokopha
• Umuthi usetshenziselwa ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, njengama-statins
• Imithi yezimo zenhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Imithi yobuhlungu be-opioid enganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-ticagrelor
• Eminye imithi yesithuthwane neyokuquleka
• Specific HIV kunemithi noma amaphilisi
• Ama-inhibitors e-CYP3A4 aqinile afana ne-ketoconazole ne-itraconazole

Ulwazi Lomthamo

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokudosa luhlanganisa:

• Umthamo Wokulayishwa Wokuqala: I-180 mg ithathwe njengomthamo owodwa
• Isondlo Sonyaka Wokuqala: 90 mg kabili ngosuku nge-acute coronary syndrome
• Ngemuva konyaka wokuqala: 60 mg kabili ngosuku
• Ukuvimbela Ukushaywa unhlangothi: 90 mg kabili ngosuku kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-30

Isiphetho

I-Ticagrelor iyimithi ebalulekile ezigulini ezinezimo zenhliziyo, enikeza isivikelo emazingeni egazi ayingozi kanye nezenzakalo zenhliziyo zesikhathi esizayo. Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lubonisa ukusebenza kwayo kuzo zonke izimo ezihlobene nenhliziyo, kusukela kokubi yenhliziyo i-syndrome ekuvimbeleni ukushaywa unhlangothi, okwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile ekwelapheni kwanamuhla kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Iziguli ezithatha i-ticagrelor kumele zikhumbule amaphuzu amaningana ayisihluthulelo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Ukudosa okuvamile, ukunaka ngokucophelela ukusebenzisana okungase kube khona neminye imithi, nokuqwashisa ngezingozi zokopha kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo. Odokotela badlala indima ebalulekile ngokuqapha iziguli kanye nokulungisa izinhlelo zokwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezimpendulo nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Impumelelo nge-ticagrelor incike ekulandeleni amashejuli we-dosing anqunyiwe futhi ukhulume ngokukhululekile nodokotela mayelana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi noma ukukhathazeka. Nakuba imithi idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela, izinzuzo zayo ekuvimbeleni izehlakalo zenhliziyo ezisongela ukuphila zikwenza kukufanelekele ukunakwa okwengeziwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-ticagrelor umuthi oyingozi kakhulu?

Nakuba i-ticagrelor ngokuvamile iphephile uma ithathwa njengoba kunqunyiwe, ithwala izingozi ezithile. Umuthi ungabangela ukopha okukhulu kwezinye iziguli. Izinto eziyingozi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa isisindo somzimba esiphansi, i-anemia, nesifo sezinso.

2. I-ticagrelor ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza?

I-Ticagrelor iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha emzimbeni. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ifinyelela ku-40% ukuvinjelwa kweplatelet phakathi nemizuzu engama-30 yokuthatha umthamo wokuqala. Umuthi ufinyelela ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu cishe amahora angama-2-4.

3. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma umthamo weqiwe, iziguli kufanele zithathe umthamo wazo ohleliwe olandelayo ngesikhathi esijwayelekile. Ungalokothi uthathe umthamo ophindwe kabili ukuze ubuyisele ogejiwe.

4. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuza ngokweqile?

Izimpawu ze-overdose zingabandakanya ukopha kakhulu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nesifo sohudo. Ayikho i-antidote ethize ye-ticagrelor overdose. Iziguli kufanele zifune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka ukweqisa umthamo.

5. Ubani ongakwazi ukuthatha i-ticagrelor?

I-Ticagrelor ayifanele iziguli ezine:

• Izimo zokopha ezisebenzayo
• Umlando we ukopha ebuchosheni
• Izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi
• Inhliziyo ephuthumayo ehleliwe ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass

6. Zingaki izinsuku okufanele ngithathe i-ticagrelor?

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqhubeka izinyanga eziyi-12 ngemuva kwesigameko esibi senhliziyo. Ngokusekelwe esincomweni sikadokotela wazo, ezinye iziguli zingadinga ukuqhubeka kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3 ngethamo eliphansi lama-milligrams angama-60 kabili ngosuku.

7. Nini ukuyeka i-ticagrelor?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-ticagrelor ngaphandle kokubonisana nomhlinzeki wezempilo. Ukuma kungazelelwe kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Uma kudingeka ukuhlinzwa, umuthi kufanele umiswe ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngaphambi kwenqubo.

8. Kungani uthatha i-ticagrelor ebusuku?

Ukuthatha i-ticagrelor ngezikhathi ezingaguquki kusiza ukugcina ukuvikelwa okuqinile. Yize singekho isidingo esiqondile sokudosa ebusuku, ukugcina uhlelo olujwayelekile kubalulekile ukuze usebenze kahle.

9. Ingabe i-ticagrelor iphephile ezinso?

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-ticagrelor inephrofayili enhle ezigulini ezinezinkinga zezinso. Ibonisa izinzuzo ezinkulu zomtholampilo ezigulini ezinesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezingenakho ukukhubazeka kwezinso.

10. Ngingakwazi ukuthatha i-ticagrelor nsuku zonke?

Yebo, i-ticagrelor kufanele ithathwe nsuku zonke njengoba kunqunyiwe, ngokuvamile kabili nsuku zonke. Imithamo engekho inganciphisa ukusebenza kwayo ekuvimbeleni amahlule egazi futhi kwandise ingozi yezenzakalo zenhliziyo.